[en] BACKGROUND: Encoding of new information is considered to be impossible in people with Alzheimer's disease (PWAD) at a moderate to severe stage. However, a few case studies reported new learning under special circumstances, especially with music.
OBJECTIVE: This article aims at clarifying PWAD's learning capacities toward unknown material under more ecological settings, which is repeated exposure without encoding instruction.
METHODS: Twenty-three PWAD (Age: m = 84.6(5.2), 5≤MMSE≤19) underwent presentations of unknown artistic pieces (targets) through 8 daily individual sessions. These sessions were followed by a test session, during which their knowledge of the targets was assessed through a verbal and behavioral scale (the sense of familiarity scale) against a series of unknown items (distractors).
RESULTS: Through this design, we were able to objectify encoding of three types of targets (verses, paintings, and music) against distractors the day after exposure sessions, and 2 months after the last presentation (study 1). Music and paintings were eventually well-encoded by most participants, whereas poems encoding was poorer. When compared to distractors, target items were significantly better recognized. We then compared the recognition of target paintings against two types of painting distractors, either perceptually or semantically related (study 2). The targets were better recognized than all three painting distractors, even when they were very close to the targets.
CONCLUSION: Despite massive anterograde amnesia, our results clearly showed that recognition-based learning without conscious memory of the encoding context is preserved in PWAD at a severe stage, revealed through an increasing sense of familiarity following repeated exposure. These findings could open new perspective both for researchers and clinicians and improve the way we understand and care for PWAD living in healthcare facilities.
Disciplines :
Neurosciences & behavior
Author, co-author :
Coppalle, Renaud ; Université de Liège - ULiège > GIGA > GIGA CRC In vivo Imaging - Aging & Memory ; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France
Mauger, Caroline; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France
Quernet, Sophie; Les Pervenches, Groupe Hom'Ageinstitution>, Biéville-Beuville, France
Dewald, Axel; Les Pervenches, Groupe Hom'Ageinstitution>, Biéville-Beuville, France
Letortu, Odile; Les Pervenches, Groupe Hom'Ageinstitution>, Biéville-Beuville, France
Desgranges, Béatrice; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France
Groussard, Mathilde; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France
Platel, Hervé; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France
Language :
English
Title :
New Long-Term Encoding in Severely Amnesic Alzheimer's Disease Patients Revealed Through Repeated Exposure to Artistic Items.
New paradigms relying on sense of familiarity preservation may thus be important for both diagnosis and care, as they could provide a more accurate view of what PWAD until an advanced stage can still do, and within which modalities. By having this kind of information, care facilities could be designed to encourage the emergence of sense of familiarity for example, and therefore allow a faster and smoother integration in specialized care units for PWAD. More precisely, finding ways to increase SoF faster may help alleviate the burden of both residents and caregivers while confronted with a new entry into such care facilities. Hence, some familiarization to settings, places and people could be performed in order to prepare PWAD for entering into a care facility, making it a more “familiar” place, and diminishing anxiety and associated behavioral troubles. Possible applications also involve preparing PWAD for excursions. An application towards caregivers would be the possibility of using familiarity-based learning as a lever to modify caregivers’ and families’ conception of PWAD, especially regarding the This work was supported by a FEDER (Fonds Européen de Développement Régional) grant of Nor-mandie(n◦2889/33527). The authors would like to thank the “Hom’Age” Retirement Houses group for opening their doors to our research team. Many thanks to Rocio Gonzales, Alice Breton, Sauvane Carrière for data gathering and helping creating the protocols. Finally, the authors would like to acknowledge Mathilde Thomas for extensive research on bibliography about learning in AD, Marty Fiati and Melanie Ambler for Proof reading, and Sebastien Polvent and Mickaël Laisney for their help on the statistical analyses.
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