Comparison of Thermal Energy Saving Potential and Overheating Risk of Four Adaptive Façade Technologies in Office Buildings

Attia, Shady; Bertrand, Stéphanie; Cuchet, Mathilde; Yang, Siliang; Tabadkani, Amir

doi:10.3390/su14106106

Article (Scientific journals)

Comparison of Thermal Energy Saving Potential and Overheating Risk of Four Adaptive Façade Technologies in Office Buildings

Attia, Shady; Bertrand, Stéphanie; Cuchet, Mathilde et al.

2022 • In Sustainability, 14 (10), p. 6106

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/2268/290890

DOI
10.3390/su14106106

Files (1)Send to Details Statistics Bibliography Similar publications

Files

Full Text

sustainability-14-06106-v2.pdf

Author postprint (4.69 MB)

Download

All documents in ORBi are protected by a user license.

Send to

RIS BibTex APA Chicago Permalink X Linkedin

Details

Keywords :

control strategies; energy efficiency; overheating risk; dynamic shading; electrochromic glazing; active ventilative façades; sensitivity analysis

Abstract :

[en] Adaptive façades are gaining greater importance in highly efficient buildings under a warming climate. There is an increasing demand for adaptive façades designed to regulate solar and thermal gains/losses, as well as avoid discomfort and glare issues. Occupants and developers of office buildings ask for a healthy and energy-neutral working environment. Adaptive façades are appropriate dynamic solutions controlled automatically or through occupant interaction. However, relatively few studies compared their energy and overheating risk performance, and there is still a vast knowledge gap on occupant behavior in operation. Therefore, we chose to study four dynamic envelopes representing four different façade families: dynamic shading, electrochromic glazing, double-skin, and active ventilative façades. Three control strategies were chosen to study the dynamic aspect of solar control, operative temperature, and glare control. Simulations were realized with EnergyPlus on the BESTEST case 600 from the ASHRAE standard 140/2020 for the temperate climate of Brussels. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to study the most influential parameters. The study findings indicate that dynamic shading devices and electrochromic glazing have a remarkable influence on the annual thermal energy demand, decreasing the total annual loads that can reach 30%. On the other hand, BIPV double-skin façades and active ventilative façades (cavity façades) could be more appropriate for cold climates. The study ranks the four façade technologies and provides novel insights for façade designers and building owners regarding the annual energy performance and overheating risk.

Research Center/Unit :

Sustainable Building Design Lab

Disciplines :

Architecture

Author, co-author :

Attia, Shady ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Urban and Environmental Engineering

Bertrand, Stéphanie

Cuchet, Mathilde

Yang, Siliang

Tabadkani, Amir

Language :

English

Title :

Comparison of Thermal Energy Saving Potential and Overheating Risk of Four Adaptive Façade Technologies in Office Buildings

Publication date :

17 May 2022

Journal title :

Sustainability

eISSN :

2071-1050

Publisher :

MDPI AG

Volume :

Issue :

Pages :

6106

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Development Goals :

11. Sustainable cities and communities

Additional URL :

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/10/6106/pdf

Available on ORBi :

since 18 May 2022

Statistics

Number of views

317 (9 by ULiège)

Number of downloads

245 (7 by ULiège)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

OpenCitations

OpenAlex citations

Bibliography

Raji, B.; Tenpierik, M.J.; Dobbelsteen, A.V.D. An assessment of energy‐saving solutions for the envelope design of high‐rise buildings in temperate climates: A case study in the Netherlands. Energy Build. 2016, 124, 210–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.10.049.
Attia, S.; Lioure, R.; Declaude, Q. Future trends and main concepts of adaptive facade systems. Energy Sci. Eng. 2020, 8, 3255– 3272. https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.725.
Sibilio, S.; Iavarone, R.; Mastantuono, S.; Mantova, M.; D’Ausilio, L. Adaptive and dynamic facade: A new challenge for the built environment. In Proceedings of the Architecture Heritage and Design World Heritage and Knowledge Representa-tion|Restoration|Redesign|Resilience Mercanti Vie Le dei, Roma, Italy, 14–16 June 2018.
Michael, M.; Overend, M. Closed cavity façade, an innovative energy saving façade. Build. Serv. Eng. Res. Technol. 2022, 18, 01436244221080030.
Tabadkani, A.; Roetzel, A.; Li, H.X.; Tsangrassoulis, A. Design approaches and typologies of adaptive facades: A review. Autom. Constr. 2020, 121, 103450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103450.
Nielsen, M.V.; Svendsen, S.; Jensen, L.B. Quantifying the potential of automated dynamic solar shading in office buildings through integrated simulations of energy and daylight. Sol. Energy 2011, 85, 757–768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2011.01.010.
Tällberg, R.; Jelle, B.P.; Loonen, R.; Gao, T.; Hamdy, M. Comparison of the energy saving potential of adaptive and controllable smart windows: A state‐of‐the‐art review and simulation studies of thermochromic, photochromic and electrochromic technol-ogies. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2019, 200, 109828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2019.02.041.
Lai, K.; Wang, W.; Giles, H. Solar shading performance of window with constant and dynamic shading function in different climate zones. Sol. Energy 2017, 147, 113–125.
Skarning, G.C.J.; Hviid, C.A.; Svendsen, S. The effect of dynamic solar shading on energy, daylighting and thermal comfort in a nearly zero‐energy loft room in Rome and Copenhagen. Energy Build. 2016, 135, 302–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.11.053.
Naik, N.S.; Elzeyadi, I.; Cartwright, V. Dynamic solar screens for high‐performance buildings–A critical review of perforated external shading systems. Archit. Sci. Rev. 2022, 12, 1–15.
Favoino, F.; Overend, M.; Jin, Q. The optimal thermo‐optical properties and energy saving potential of adaptive glazing tech-nologies. Appl. Energy 2015, 156, 1–15.
Butt, A.A.; de Vries, S.B.; Loonen, R.C.; Hensen, J.L.; Stuiver, A.; Ham, J.E.v.D.; Erich, B.S. Investigating the energy saving potential of thermochromic coatings on building envelopes. Appl. Energy 2021, 291, 116788.
Ascione, F.; Bianco, N.; Iovane, T.; Mastellone, M.; Mauro, G.M. The evolution of building energy retrofit via double‐skin and responsive façades: A review. Sol. Energy 2021, 224, 703–717.
Yang, S.; Cannavale, A.; Prasad, D.; Sproul, A.; Fiorito, F. Numerical simulation study of BIPV/T double‐skin facade for various climate zones in Australia: Effects on indoor thermal comfort. Build. Simul. 2019, 12, 51–67.
Pflug, T.; Nestle, N.; Kuhn, T.E.; Siroux, M.; Maurer, C. Modeling of facade elements with switchable U‐value. Energy Build. 2018, 164, 1–13.
Juaristi, M.; Favoino, F.; Gómez‐Acebo, T.; Monge‐Barrio, A. Adaptive opaque façades and their potential to reduce thermal energy use in residential buildings: A simulation‐based evaluation. J. Build. Phys. 2021, 45, 17442591211045418.
Juaristi, M.; Gómez‐Acebo, T.; Monge‐Barrio, A. Qualitative analysis of promising materials and technologies for the design and evaluation of Climate Adaptive Opaque Façades. Build. Environ. 2018, 144, 482–501.
Böke, J.; Knaack, U.; Hemmerling, M. State‐of‐the‐art of intelligent building envelopes in the context of intelligent technical systems. Intell. Build. Int. 2019, 11, 27–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/17508975.2018.1447437.
Al‐Masrani, S.M.; Al‐Obaidi, K.M.; Zalin, N.A.; Isma, M.A. Design optimisation of solar shading systems for tropical office buildings: Challenges and future trends. Sol. Energy 2018, 170, 849–872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.04.047.
Casini, M. Active dynamic windows for buildings: A review. Renew. Energy 2018, 119, 923–934.
Iuliano, G. Dynamic Glazing: On‐Site Measurement and Modelling. A Case Study for an Electric Driven Window. Ph.D. Thesis, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy, 2018.
Romano, R.; Aelenei, L.; Aelenei, D.; Mazzuchelli, E.S. What is an adaptive façade? Analysis of Recent Terms and definitions from an international perspective. J. Facade Des. Eng. 2018, 6, 65–76.
De Luca, F.; Voll, H.; Thalfeldt, M. Comparison of static and dynamic shading systems for office building energy consumption and cooling load assessment. Manag. Environ. Qual. Int. J. 2018, 29, 978–998. https://doi.org/10.1108/meq‐01‐2018‐0008.
Ahmed, M.; Abdel‐Rahman, A.; Bady, M.; Mahrous, E.K. The thermal performance of residential building integrated with adaptive kinetic shading system. Int. Energy J. 2016, 16, 97–106.
Yi, Y.K.; Yin, J.; Tang, Y. Developing an advanced daylight model for building energy tool to simulate dynamic shading device. Sol. Energy 2018, 163, 140–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.01.082.
Jayathissa, P.; Luzzatto, M.; Schmidli, J.; Hofer, J.; Nagy, Z.; Schlueter, A. Optimising building net energy demand with dynamic BIPV shading. Appl. Energy 2017, 202, 726–735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.083.
Mahmoud, A.; Elghazi, Y. Parametric‐based designs for kinetic facades to optimize daylight performance: Comparing rotation and translation kinetic motion for hexagonal facade patterns. Sol. Energy 2016, 126, 111–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2015.12.039.
Dussault, J.‐M.; Gosselin, L. Office buildings with electrochromic windows: A sensitivity analysis of design parameters on energy performance, and thermal and visual comfort. Energy Build. 2017, 153, 50–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.07.046.
Feng, W.; Zou, L.; Gao, G.; Wu, G.; Shen, J.; Li, W. Gasochromic smart window: Optical and thermal properties, energy simulation and feasibility analysis. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2016, 144, 316–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2015.09.029.
Alberto, A.; Ramos, N.M.M.; Almeida, R. Parametric study of double‐skin facades performance in mild climate countries. J. Build. Eng. 2017, 12, 87–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2017.05.013.
Anđelković, A.S.; Mujan, I.; Dakić, S. Experimental validation of a EnergyPlus model: Application of a multi‐storey naturally ventilated double skin façade. Energy Build. 2016, 118, 27–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.02.045.
Pomponi, F.; Piroozfar, P.; Southall, R.; Ashton, P.; Farr, E.R. Energy performance of Double‐Skin Façades in temperate climates: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2016, 54, 1525–1536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.075.
Yang, H.; Zhou, Y.; Jin, F.‐Y.; Zhan, X. Thermal Environment Dynamic Simulation of Double Skin Façade with Middle Shading Device in Summer. Procedia Eng. 2016, 146, 251–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.384.
Zomorodian, Z.S.; Tahsildoost, M. Energy and carbon analysis of double skin façades in the hot and dry climate. J. Clean. Prod. 2018, 197, 85–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.178.
Shi, X.; Abel, T.; Wang, L. Influence of two motion types on solar transmittance and daylight performance of dynamic façades. Sol. Energy 2020, 201, 561–580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.03.017.
Dahanayake, K.W.D.K.C.; Chow, C.L. Studying the potential of energy saving through vertical greenery systems: Using Ener-gyPlus simulation program. Energy Build. 2017, 138, 47–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.12.002.
Faizi, F.; Yazdizad, A.; Rezaei, F. Classification of Double Skin Façade and Their Function to Reduce Energy Consumption and create sustainability in Buildings. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress of Structure, Architecture and Urban De-velopment, Tabriz, Iran, 16–18 November 2014.
Bertrand, S. The Effects of Transparent Adaptive Façades on Energy and Comfort Performances in Office Buildings, Master’s Thesis, Liege University, Liege, Belgium, 2020. Available online: https://matheo.uliege.be/handle/2268.2/9099 (accessed on 10 February 2022).
Corgnati, S.P.; Fabrizio, E.; Filippi, M.; Monetti, V. Reference buildings for cost optimal analysis: Method of definition and application. Appl. Energy 2013, 102, 983–993.
Standard 140‐2017; Standart Method of Test for Evaluation of Building Energy Analysis Programs. ASHRAE: Atlanta, GA, USA, 2017.
EN ISO 13790; Energy Performance of Buildings—Calculation of Energy Use for Space Heating and Cooling. ISO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2008.
Eurostat. Cooling and Heating Degree Days by NUTS 2 Regions‐Annual Data, European Commission, Brussels, Belgium, 2021. Available online: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/NRG_CHDDR2_A__custom_2681179/default/table?lang=en (accessed on 10 May 2022).
ISO/DIS 52016‐3; Energy Performance of Buildings—Energy Needs for Heating and Cooling, Internal Temperatures and Sensi-ble and Latent Heat Loads—Part 3: Calculation Procedures Regarding Adaptive Building Envelope Elements (Under Develop-ment). ISO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2022. Available online: https://www.iso.org/standard/75395.html (accessed on 15 November 2021).
ISO 17772‐1; Energy Performance of Buildings‐Indoor Environmental Quality. Part 1: Indoor Environmental Input Parameters for the Design and Assessment of Energy Performance in Buildings. ISO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2017.
Tabadkani, A.; Roetzel, A.; Li, H.X.; Tsangrassoulis, A. A review of automatic control strategies based on simulations for adaptive facades. Build. Environ. 2020, 175, 106801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106801.
Yun, G.; Park, D.Y.; Kim, K.S. Appropriate activation threshold of the external blind for visual comfort and lighting energy saving in different climate conditions. Build. Environ. 2017, 113, 247–266.
de Vries, S.B. A Computational Framework for Analysis and Optimisation of Automated Solar Shading Systems: Within High Performance Building Facades; TU‐Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, 2022.
Karlsen, L.; Heiselberg, P.; Bryn, I.; Johra, H. Solar shading control strategy for office buildings in cold climate. Energy Build. 2016, 118, 316–328.
DesignBuilder Help‐Introducing DesignBuilder. Available online: https://designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.4/(accessed on 16 November 2020).
Peng, J.; Curcija, D.C.; Lu, L.; Selkowitz, S.E.; Yang, H.; Zhang, W. Numerical investigation of the energy saving potential of a semi‐transparent photovoltaic double‐skin facade in a cool‐summer Mediterranean climate. Appl. Energy 2016, 165, 345–356.
Cannavale, A.; Hörantner, M.; Eperon, G.E.; Snaith, H.J.; Fiorito, F.; Ayr, U.; Martellotta, F. Building integration of semi‐trans-parent perovskite‐based solar cells: Energy performance and visual comfort assessment. Appl. Energy 2017, 194, 94–107.
Denz, P.R.; Priedemann, W.; Anders, L. ACT Façade–Interior sun shading for energy efficient fully glazed façades. In Proceedings of the FAÇADE 2018‐Final Conference of COST TU1403 “Adaptive Facades Network”, Lucerne, Switzerland, 30 November 2018.
Loonen, R. Approaches for Computational Performance Optimization of Innovative Adaptive Façade Concepts; Technische Universiteit Eindhoven: Eindhoven, The Netherlands, 2018.
Loonen, R.C.; Favoino, F.; Hensen, J.L.; Overend, M. Review of current status, requirements and opportunities for building performance simulation of adaptive facades. J. Build. Perform. Simul. 2017, 10, 205–223.
Alsailani, M. Development of Control Strategies for Advanced Solar Shading Systems: Part; TU‐Eindhoven: Eindhoven, The Nether-lands, 2019.
Gehbauer, C.; Blum, D.H.; Wang, T.; Lee, E.S. An assessment of the load modifying potential of model predictive controlled dynamic facades within the California context. Energy Build. 2020, 210, 109762.
Reinhart, C.; Voss, K. Monitoring manual control of electric lighting and blinds. Light. Res. Technol. 2003, 35, 243–258. https://doi.org/10.1191/1365782803li064oa.
Favoino, F.; Loonen, R.; Doya, M.; Goia, F.; Bedon, C.; Babich, F. Building Performance Simulation and Characterisation of Adaptive Facades‐Adaptive Facades Network; TU Delft Open: Delft, The Netherlands, 2018.
Scorpio, M.; Ciampi, G.; Rosato, A.; Maffei, L.; Masullo, M.; Almeida, M.; Sibilio, S. Electric‐driven windows for historical buildings retrofit: Energy and visual sensitivity analysis for different control logics. J. Build. Eng. 2020, 31, 101398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101398.
Isaia, F.; Fiorentini, M.; Serra, V.; Capozzoli, A. Enhancing energy efficiency and comfort in buildings through model predictive control for dynamic façades with electrochromic glazing. J. Build. Eng. 2021, 43, 102535.
EN 16798‐1; Energy Performance of Buildings—Ventilation for buildings—Part 1: Indoor Environmental Input Pa‐Rameters for Design and Assessment of Energy Performance of Buildings Addressing Indoor Air Quality, Thermal Environment, Lighting and Acoustics‐Module M1‐6.(16798‐1). CEN: Brussels, Belgium, 2019.
Morris, M.D. Factorial Sampling Plans for Preliminary Computational Experiments. Technometrics 1991, 33, 161.
Norme NBN EN 15251:2007: Critères d’Ambiance Intérieure‐Energie Plus Le Site’. Available online: https://energieplus‐le-site.be/reglementations/confort44/norme‐nbn‐en‐15251‐2007‐criteres‐d‐ambiance‐interieure/(accessed on 16 November 2021).
Attia, S.; Cools, S.G.M. Development and validation of a survey for well‐being and interaction assessment by oc‐cupants in office buildings with adaptive façades. Build. Environ. 2019, 157, 268–276.
de Vries, S.B.; Loonen, R.C.G.M.; Hensen, J.L.M. Simulation‐aided development of automated solar shading control strategies using performance mapping and statistical classification. J. Build. Perform. Simul. 2021, 14, 770–792.
Attia, S.; Bilir, S.; Safy, T.; Struck, C.; Loonen, R.; Goia, F. Current trends and future challenges in the performance assessment of adaptive façade systems. Energy Build. 2018, 179, 165–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.09.017.
Roetzel, A.; Tsangrassoulis, A.; Dietrich, U. Impact of building design and occupancy on office comfort and energy per‐for-mance in different climates. Build. Environ. 2014, 71, 165–175.
Attia, S.; Navarro, A.L.; Juaristi, M.; Monge‐Barrio, A.; Gosztonyi, S.; Al‐Doughmi, Z. Post‐occupancy evaluation for adaptive façades. J. Facade Des. Eng. 2018, 6, 1–9.