International consensus statement on nomenclature and classification of the congenital bicuspid aortic valve and its aortopathy, for clinical, surgical, interventional and research purposes.
Michelena, Hector I; Della Corte, Alessandro; Evangelista, Arturoet al.
2021 • In European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 60 (3), p. 448-476
[en] This International Consensus Classification and Nomenclature for the congenital bicuspid aortic valve condition recognizes 3 types of bicuspid valves: 1. The fused type (right-left cusp fusion, right-non-coronary cusp fusion and left-non-coronary cusp fusion phenotypes); 2. The 2-sinus type (latero-lateral and antero-posterior phenotypes); and 3. The partial-fusion (forme fruste) type. The presence of raphe and the symmetry of the fused type phenotypes are critical aspects to describe. The International Consensus also recognizes 3 types of bicuspid valve-associated aortopathy: 1. The ascending phenotype; 2. The root phenotype; and 3. Extended phenotypes.
Disciplines :
Cardiovascular & respiratory systems
Author, co-author :
Michelena, Hector I ; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Della Corte, Alessandro ; Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L.
Evangelista, Arturo; Department of Cardiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research
Maleszewski, Joseph J ; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Edwards, William D; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Roman, Mary J; Division of Cardiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Devereux, Richard B; Division of Cardiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Fernández, Borja; Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación
Asch, Federico M; MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA.
Barker, Alex J ; Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado
Sierra-Galan, Lilia M ; Cardiovascular Division, American British Cowdray Medical Center, Mexico City
De Kerchove, Laurent ; Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires
Fernandes, Susan M; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, ; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University,
Fedak, Paul W M ; Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of
Girdauskas, Evaldas; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart and Vascular Center
Delgado, Victoria ; Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Abbara, Suhny ; Cardiothoracic Imaging Division, Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical
Lansac, Emmanuel ; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Institute Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France.
Prakash, Siddharth K ; Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas
Bissell, Malenka M ; Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute to Cardiovascular and
Popescu, Bogdan A ; Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol
Hope, Michael D; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San
Sitges, Marta ; Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS
Thourani, Vinod H; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Marcus Valve Center, Piedmont Heart
Pibarot, Phillippe ; Department of Cardiology, Québec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University Québec
Chandrasekaran, Krishnaswamy; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
LANCELLOTTI, Patrizio ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > > Service de cardiologie ; Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola
Borger, Michael A; University Clinic of Cardiac Surgery, Leipzig Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany.
Forrest, John K; Yale University School of Medicine & Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA.
Webb, John; St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Milewicz, Dianna M; Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas
Makkar, Raj ; Cedars Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Leon, Martin B; Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY Presbyterian
Sanders, Stephen P; Cardiac Registry, Departments of Cardiology, Pathology and Cardiac Surgery, ; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Markl, Michael; Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University,
Ferrari, Victor A; Cardiovascular Medicine Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center and
Roberts, William C; Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Texas A &
Song, Jae-Kwan; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
Blanke, Philipp; Department of Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
White, Charles S; Department of Radiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore,
Siu, Samuel ; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, ON, Canada.
Svensson, Lars G; Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Braverman, Alan C ; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of
Bavaria, Joseph; Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Sundt, Thoralf M; Division of Cardiac Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
El Khoury, Gebrine; Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires
De Paulis, Ruggero ; Department of Cardiac Surgery, European Hospital and Unicamillus University Rome
Enriquez-Sarano, Maurice ; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Bax, Jeroen J ; Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Otto, Catherine M; Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Schäfers, Hans-Joachim ; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saarland University Medical
Endorsed by the Heart Valve Society (HVS), European Association of Cardiovascular
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