Aging; Elder; Intervention; Meditation; Mindfulness; Neuropsychology; Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology
Abstract :
[en] Mindfulness-based programs (MBPs) are increasingly utilized to improve mental health. Interest in the putative effects of MBPs on cognitive function is also growing. This is the first meta-analysis of objective cognitive outcomes across multiple domains from randomized MBP studies of adults. Seven databases were systematically searched to January 2020. Fifty-six unique studies (n = 2,931) were included, of which 45 (n = 2,238) were synthesized using robust variance estimation meta-analysis. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses evaluated moderators. Pooling data across cognitive domains, the summary effect size for all studies favored MBPs over comparators and was small in magnitude (g = 0.15; [0.05, 0.24]). Across subgroup analyses of individual cognitive domains/subdomains, MBPs outperformed comparators for executive function (g = 0.15; [0.02, 0.27]) and working memory outcomes (g = 0.23; [0.11, 0.36]) only. Subgroup analyses identified significant effects for studies of non-clinical samples, as well as for adults aged over 60. Across all studies, MBPs outperformed inactive, but not active comparators. Limitations include the primarily unclear within-study risk of bias (only a minority of studies were considered low risk), and that statistical constraints rendered some p-values unreliable. Together, results partially corroborate the hypothesized link between mindfulness practices and cognitive performance. This review was registered with PROSPERO [CRD42018100904].
Disciplines :
Neurosciences & behavior
Author, co-author :
Whitfield, Tim ; Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK. tim.whitfield@ucl.ac.uk
Barnhofer, Thorsten ; School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
Acabchuk, Rebecca ; Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
Cohen, Avi; Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
Lee, Michael; Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
Schlosser, Marco ; Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK ; Geneva School of Social Sciences, and Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Arenaza-Urquijo, Eider M ; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Böttcher, Adriana; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
Britton, Willoughby ; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
Coll-Padros, Nina ; Alzheimers Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
Collette, Fabienne ; Université de Liège - ULiège > GIGA > GIGA CRC In vivo Imaging - Aging & Memory
Dautricourt, Sophie ; INSERM UMR-S U1237, Caen-Normandie University, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
Demnitz-King, Harriet ; Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
Dumais, Travis; School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
Klimecki, Olga ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Psychologie > Neuropsychologie ; Geneva School of Social Sciences, and Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Meiberth, Dix ; Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
DMT - Dunhill Medical Trust [GB] EU - European Union [BE] NIH - National Institutes of Health [US-MD] [US-MD]
Funding text :
This work was funded by The Dunhill Medical Trust [grant number RTF1806\45]. This work was also supported by (i) the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme related to the call PHC22 “Promoting mental well-being in the aging population” under grant agreement No. 667696; and (ii) the National Institutes of Health Science of Behavior Change Common Fund Program through an award administered by the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (grant UH2AT009145). The funders did not have any role in study design; collection, analysis, or interpretation of data; writing the manuscript; or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
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