Impact of high-intensity interval training with or without l-citrulline on physical performance, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue in obese older adults.
[en] BACKGROUND: Aging is associated with a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength as well as an increase in adiposity. These changes may have devastating impact on the quality of life of older adults. Mitochondrial dysfunctions have been implicated in aging-related and obesity-related deterioration of muscle function. Impairments in mitochondrial quality control processes (biogenesis, fusion, fission, and mitophagy) may underlie this accumulation of mitochondrial dysfunction. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) was shown to improve muscle and mitochondrial function in healthy young and old adults and to improve body composition in obese older adults. Recent studies also positioned citrulline (CIT) supplementation as a promising intervention to counter obesity-related and aging-related muscle dysfunction. In the present study, our objectives were to assess whether HIIT, alone or with CIT, improves muscle function, functional capacities, adipose tissue gene expression, and mitochondrial quality control processes in obese older adults.
METHODS: Eighty-one-old and obese participants underwent a 12 week HIIT with or without CIT on an elliptical trainer [HIIT-CIT: 20 men/25 women, 67.2 ± 5.0 years; HIIT-placebo (PLA): 18 men/18 women, 68.1 ± 4.1 years]. Handgrip and quadriceps strength, lower limb muscle power, body composition, waist circumference, and functional capacities were assessed pre and post intervention. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were performed in a subset of participants to quantify markers of mitochondrial content (TOM20 and OXPHOS subunits), biogenesis (TFAM), fusion (MFN1&2, OPA1), fission (DRP1), and mitophagy (Parkin). Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue biopsies were also performed to assess the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism.
RESULTS: HIIT-PLA and HIIT-CIT displayed improvements in functional capacities (P < 0.05), total (mean ± SD: HIIT-PLA: +1.27 ± 3.19%, HIIT-CIT: +1.05 ± 2.91%, P < 0.05) and leg lean mass (HIIT-PLA: +1.62 ± 3.85%, HIIT-CIT: +1.28 ± 4.82%, P < 0.05), waist circumference (HIIT-PLA: -2.2 ± 2.9 cm, HIIT-CIT: -2.6 ± 2.5 cm, P < 0.05), and muscle power (HIIT-PLA: +15.81 ± 18.02%, HIIT-CIT: +14.62 ± 20.02%, P < 0.05). Only HIIT-CIT decreased fat mass (-1.04 ± 2.42%, P < 0.05) and increased handgrip and quadriceps strength (+4.28 ± 9.36% and +10.32 ± 14.38%, respectively, P < 0.05). Both groups increased markers of muscle mitochondrial content, mitochondrial fusion, and mitophagy (P < 0.05). Only HIIT-CIT decreased the expression of the lipid droplet-associated protein CIDEA (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: High-intensity interval training is effective in improving functional capacities, lean mass, muscle power, and waist circumference in obese older adults. HIIT also increases markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial fusion, and mitophagy. Importantly, adding CIT to HIIT results in a greater increase in muscle strength and a significant decrease in fat mass. The present study therefore positions HIIT combined with CIT as an effective intervention to improve the health status of obese older adults.
Disciplines :
Geriatrics
Author, co-author :
Marcangeli, Vincent; Département des sciences biologiques, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Montréal, Québec, Canada ; Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Montréal, Québec, Canada ; Groupe de recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Montréal, Québec, Canada
Youssef, Layale; INSERM U1124, Université de Paris, Paris, France
Dulac, Maude; Département des sciences biologiques, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Montréal, Québec, Canada ; Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Montréal, Québec, Canada ; Groupe de recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Montréal, Québec, Canada
Carvalho, Livia P; École de Réadaptation, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada ; Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement du Centre intégré universitaire de santé et services sociaux de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
Hajj-Boutros, Guy; Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Montréal, Québec, Canada ; Groupe de recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Montréal, Québec, Canada ; Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
Reynaud, Olivier; Département des sciences biologiques, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Montréal, Québec, Canada ; Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Montréal, Québec, Canada ; Groupe de recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Montréal, Québec, Canada
Guegan, Bénédicte; INSERM U1124, Université de Paris, Paris, France
Buckinx, Fanny ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Unité de recherche Santé publique, épidémiologie et économie de la santé (URSAPES) ; Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Montréal, Québec, Canada ; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
Gaudreau, Pierrette; Département de Médecine de l'Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
Morais, José A; Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
Mauriège, Pascale; Département de kinésiologie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
Noirez, Philippe; Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Montréal, Québec, Canada ; INSERM U1124, Université de Paris, Paris, France ; UFR STAPS, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
Aubertin-Leheudre, Mylène; Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Montréal, Québec, Canada ; Groupe de recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Montréal, Québec, Canada ; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
Gouspillou, Gilles ; Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Montréal, Québec, Canada ; Groupe de recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Montréal, Québec, Canada ; Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada ; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
Impact of high-intensity interval training with or without l-citrulline on physical performance, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue in obese older adults.
This work was funded by grants from the Quebec Research Network on Aging of the Fonds de Recherche en Santé du Québec (FRQS) awarded to M.A.L., G.G., P.G., J.M., and P.N. and a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) grant awarded to G.G., M.A.L., P.G., and J.M. G.G. is supported by a Chercheur Boursier Junior 2 salary award from the FRQS. M.A.L. is supported by a Chercheur Boursier Senior salary award from the FRQS.
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