[fr] Dans l’arrêt Z.B. c. France du 2 septembre 2021, la Cour européenne
des droits de l’homme a conclu à l’absence de violation de l’article 10
de la Convention. Le requérant se plaignait d’une ingérence injustifiée
dans son droit à la liberté d’expression du fait d’avoir été condamné
pour apologie de crimes d’atteintes volontaires à la vie pour avoir
offert à son neveu de trois ans un t-shirt avec les inscriptions « je suis
une bombe » et « Jihad, né le 11 septembre », qu’il porta dans l’enceinte
de l’école en septembre 2012. Selon la Cour, le requérant ne pouvait se
prévaloir d’une simple plaisanterie, et ne pouvait non plus ignorer la
résonance particulière qu’allaient impliquer de telles inscriptions dans
l’enceinte d’une école, surtout vu le contexte terroriste qui régnait
au moment des faits. Dans cet article, nous proposons d’analyser le
raisonnement de la Cour lorsqu’elle a conclu que la France a fait un
usage adéquat de sa marge d’appréciation. Une attention particulière
sera portée aux critères développés par la Cour afin d’apprécier la
nécessité de l’ingérence et de nuancer son constat. [en] In the Z.B. v. France judgment of 2 September 2021, the European
Court of Human Rights found no violation of Article 10 of the Con-
vention. The applicant was complaining of a breach of his right to
freedom of expression due to his conviction for the offense of glo-
rifying willful killing. He was convicted after he gave his 3-year-old
nephew a T-shirt with the slogans “I am a bomb” and “Jihad, born
on September 11”, that the boy wore at nursery school in September
2012. From the Court’s point of view, the applicant could not have
been joking, nor could he have been unaware of the particular con-
notation that such slogans would have in a nursery school, especially
given the scale and gravity of the current terrorist attacks. In this arti-
cle, we propose to analyze the Court’s reasoning when it judged that
France had made adequate use of its margin of appreciation, taking
into account the criteria developed by the Court to assess the necessity
of interference, and to nuance this observation.
Precision for document type :
Case briefs/Comments on statutes or statutory instruments
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