[en] Lime stabilisation is a process which chemically improves numerous characteristics of the soils, among which aspects, the mechanical properties increase are the most noticeable. This paper investigates the lime treatment of mixtures of sand and bentonite at different proportions. Three physical characteristics are measured at different curing times: the mechanical strength is deduced from unconfined compressive strength (UCS); the chemical reaction is evaluated based on the lime consumption (LC) and the electrical properties are obtained from electrical resistivity (ER). Results show that all three physical characteristics increase with curing time and that the optimal UCS appears at mixtures with low bentonite content (i.e. 10–15% bentonite). LC curves show that the kinetics of the lime reaction is also slower at these low bentonite contents. Finally, the ER curves show similar patterns for all mixtures and are closely related to the LC.
Disciplines :
Civil engineering
Author, co-author :
Hashemi Afrapoli, Mir Amid
Massart, Thierry
François, Bertrand ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Urban and Environmental Engineering
Language :
French
Title :
Experimental characterisation of clay-sand mixtures treated with lime
Publication date :
2018
Journal title :
European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering
Al-Mukhtar, M., Lasledj, A., & Alcover, J.-F., (2010a). Behaviour and mineralogy changes in lime-treated expansive soil at 20\,°C. Applied Clay Science, 50, 191–198.
Al-Mukhtar, M., Lasledj, A., & Alcover, J.-F., (2010b). Behaviour and mineralogy changes in lime-treated expansive soil at 50\,°C. Applied Clay Science, 50, 199–203.
Al-Mukhtar, M., Lasledj, A., & Alcover, J.-F., (2014). Lime consumption of different clayey soils. Applied Clay Science, 95, 133–145.
Arabani, M., & Veis Karami, M., (2007). Geomechanical properties of lime stabilized clayey sands. The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 32, 11–25.
Arabi, M., Wild, S., & Rowlands, G., (1989). Frost resistance of lime-stabilized clay soil. Transportation Research Record, 1219, 93–102.
Bell, F., (1996). Lime stabilization of clay minerals and soils. Engineering Geology, 42, 223–237.
Carroll, D., (1959). Ion exchange in clays and other minerals. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 70, 749–779.
Dakhnov, V. N., (1959). The application of geophysical methods; electrical well logging: Moscow Petroleum Institute; translanted by GV Keller (1962). Colorado School of Mines Quart, 57.
De Bel, R., Gomes, A. C., & Verbrugge, J. C., (2009). Contribution of loamy soil treatment to improve embankments performance. Geotechnical Special Publication ASCE, 189, 61–72.
Diamond S., & Kinter, E., (1965). Mechanisms of soil-lime stabilization. Highway Research Record, 92, 83–102.
Eades, J., & Grim, R., (1966). A quick test to determine lime requirements for lime stabilization. Highway Research Record, 139, 61–72.
Eades, J., Nichols, F. P., & Grim, R. E., (1962). Formation of new minerals with lime stabilization as proven by field experiments in virginia. Highway Research Board Bulletin, 335, 31–39.
Estéoule, J., & Perret, P., (1979). Etude expérimentale des phénomènes de stabilization des sols fins par la chaux [Experimental study of stabilisation processes of fine-grained soils with lime]. Bulletin des Laboratoires des Ponts et Chaussées, 99, 99–109.
Hashemi, M. A., Massart, T. J., Salager, S., Herrier, G., & François, B., (2015). Pore scale characterization of lime treated sand--bentonite mixtures. Applied Clay Science, 111, 50–60.
Keller, W.D., (1964). Processes of origin and alteration of clay minerals. Soil clay mineralogy, 3–76.
Khattab, S., Al-Mukhtar, M., & Fleureau, J.-M., (2007). Long-term stability characteristics of a lime-treated plastic soil. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 19, 358–366.
Little, D. N., (1995). Handbook for stabilization of pavement subgrades and base courses with lime. Kendall/Hunt, Iowa.
Locat, J., Bérubé, M., & Choquette, M., (1990). Laboratory investigations on the lime stabilization of sensitive clays: Shear strength development. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 27, 294–304.
Makki-Szymkiewicz, L., Hibouche, A., Taibi, S., Herrier, G., Lesueur, D., & Fleureau, J.-M., (2015). Evolution of the properties of lime-treated silty soil in a small experimental embankment. Engineering Geology, 191, 8–22.
Mrabent, S. A. B., Hachichi, A., Souli, H., Taibi, S., & Fleureau, J.-M., (2016). Effect of lime on some physical parameters of a natural expansive clay from algeria. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering. doi:10.1080/19648189.2015.1093963(0)
Netterberg, F., & Paige-Green, P., (1984). Carbonation of lime and cement stabilized layers in road construction. (Tech. Rep.). Pretoria, South-Africa: National Institute for Transport and Road Research, CSIR.
Setra. (2007). Traitement des sols à la chaux et/ou aux liants hydrauliques - Application à la réalisation des assises de chausses. Guide Technique, Service d’Etudes Techniques des Routes et Autoroutes, Bagneux Cedex, France. In French.
Sherwood, P., (1993). Soil stabilization with cement and lime. State of the art review (Tech. Rep.). London: Transport Research Laboratory, HSMO.
Tashiro, C., Ikeda, K., & Inoue, Y., (1994). Evaluation of pozzolanic activity by the electric resistance measurement method. Cement and Concrete Research, 24, 1133–1139.
Thompson, M., (1965). Shear strength and elastic properties of lime--soil mixtures. Urbana: University of Illinois.
Zha, F.-S., Liu, S.-Y., Du, Y.-J., & Cui, K.-R., (2009). Evaluation of physicochemical process in stabilized expansive soils using electrical resistivity method. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 30, 1711–1718.
