alternative therapies; bad breath; halitosis; intra-oral malodour; oral malodour; Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Abstract :
[en] Is there a role for alternative therapies in controlling intra-oral halitosis? Treatments other than tongue cleaning and anti-halitosis products containing zinc, chlorhexidine and cetylpyridinium chloride were considered as alternative therapies. Four databases were searched (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library). Inclusion criteria were: examination of alternative halitosis therapies, study population with oral malodour, a (negative or positive) control group and evaluation of breath odour via organoleptic and/or instrumental assessment. Data were extracted for descriptive analysis. The screening of 7656 titles led to the inclusion of 26 articles. Analysis showed heterogeneity concerning the population of interest (from cysteine-induced to genuine halitosis), the examined treatment and the reported outcomes. This made a meta-analysis impossible. Essential oils, fluoride-containing products and herbal substances were the most studied. Results varied enormously and none of the active ingredients had an unambiguously positive effect on the malodour. The risk of bias was assessed as high in all articles. Given the fact that little evidence was found for each of the investigated treatments, it could be concluded that there is currently insufficient evidence that alternative therapies are of added value in the treatment of halitosis.Clinical relevanceScientific rationale:Halitosis is a common problem causing social isolation. Out of embarrassment, patients search the internet, leading to many questions about alternative solutions (e.g. oil pulling, herbs). This is the first systematic review on these alternative therapies.Principal findings: Results varied among studies. Some promising results were found for fluoride-containing toothpastes and probiotics. For other products (such as herbal and antibacterial products and essential oils) results were inconsistent. Long-term follow-up studies on these products are scarce. Moreover, the quality of the studies was poor.Practical implications:No clear evidence was found to support a certain alternative anti-halitosis therapy.
Research center :
d‐BRU - Dental Biomaterials Research Unit - ULiège [BE]
Disciplines :
Dentistry & oral medicine
Author, co-author :
Wylleman, A ; Section of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Leuven 3000, Belgium ; Equally contributing first authors ; Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
Vuylsteke, F; KU, Leuven, Belgium ; Equally contributing first authors
Dekeyser, C; Section of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Leuven 3000, Belgium
Teughels, W; Section of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Leuven 3000, Belgium
Quirynen, M; Section of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Leuven 3000, Belgium
Laleman, Isabelle ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > > Service de parodontologie, chirurgie bucco-dentaire et chirurgie implantaire ; Section of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Leuven 3000, Belgium
Language :
English
Title :
Alternative therapies in controlling oral malodour: a systematic review.
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