Modeling and Simulation; Earth and Planetary Sciences (all)
Abstract :
[en] West African Sahelian and Sudanian ecosystems provide essential services to people and also play a significant role within the global carbon cycle. However, climate and land use are dynamically changing, and uncertainty remains with respect to how these changes will affect the potential of these regions to provide food and fodder resources or how they will affect the biosphere-atmosphere exchange of CO2. In this study, we investigate the capacity of a process-based biogeochemical model, LandscapeDNDC, to simulate net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and aboveground biomass of typical managed and natural Sahelian and Sudanian savanna ecosystems. In order to improve the simulation of phenology, we introduced soil-water availability as a common driver of foliage development and productivity for all of these systems. The new approach was tested by using a sample of sites (calibration sites) that provided NEE from flux tower observations as well as leaf area index data from satellite images (MODIS, MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). For assessing the simulation accuracy, we applied the calibrated model to 42 additional sites (validation sites) across West Africa for which measured aboveground biomass data were available. The model showed good performance regarding biomass of crops, grass, or trees, yielding correlation coefficients of 0.82, 0.94, and 0.77 and root-mean-square errors of 0.15, 0.22, and 0.12gkggm-2, respectively. The simulations indicate aboveground carbon stocks of up to 0.17, 0.33, and 0.54gkggCgha-1gm-2 for agricultural, savanna grasslands, and savanna mixed tree-grassland sites, respectively. Carbon stocks and exchange rates were particularly correlated with the abundance of trees, and grass biomass and crop yields were higher under more humid climatic conditions. Our study shows the capability of LandscapeDNDC to accurately simulate carbon balances in natural and agricultural ecosystems in semiarid West Africa under a wide range of conditions; thus, the model could be used to assess the impact of land-use and climate change on the regional biomass productivity.
Disciplines :
Environmental sciences & ecology
Author, co-author :
Rahimi, Jaber ; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
Ago, Expedit Evariste; Laboratoire d'Ecologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin ; Biodiversity and Landscape Unit, Université de Liège Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
Ayantunde, Augustine; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Berger, Sina; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany ; Regional Climate and Hydrology Research Group, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
Bogaert, Jan ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Biodiversité et Paysage
Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus ; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany ; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
Cappelaere, Bernard ; HydroSciences Montpellier, Université Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
Cohard, Jean-Martial ; IRD, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
Demarty, Jérôme; HydroSciences Montpellier, Université Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
Diouf, Abdoul Aziz; Centre de Suivi Ecologique (CSE), Dakar, Senegal
Haas, Edwin ; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
Hiernaux, Pierre; Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France ; Pastoralisme Conseil, Caylus, France
Kraus, David ; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
Roupsard, Olivier ; CIRAD, UMR EcoandSols, BP1386, CP18524, Dakar, Senegal ; EcoandSols, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France ; LMI IESOL, Centre IRD-ISRA de Bel Air, BP1386, CP18524, Dakar, Senegal
Scheer, Clemens; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
Srivastava, Amit Kumar; Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Tagesson, Torbern; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ; Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Grote, Rüdiger ; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
Financial support. This research has been supported by the UP-Acknowledgements. The authors appreciate the fruitful cooperation and data exchange with the EU-funded CASSECS project and the staff of the AMMA-CATCH observatory. Furthermore, some of the climate data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) POWER Project, funded through the NASA Earth Science/Applied Science Program. We acknowledge support by the KIT-Publication Fund of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology.
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