[en] The increasing demand for metals is pushing forward the progress of deep-sea mining industry. The abyss between the Clarion and Clipperton Fracture Zones (CCFZ), a region holding a higher concentration of minerals than land deposits, is the most targeted area for the exploration of polymetallic nodules worldwide, which may likely disturb the seafloor across large areas and over many years. Effects from nodule extraction cause acute biodiversity loss of organisms inhabiting sediments and polymetallic nodules. Attention to deep-sea ecosystems and their services has to be considered before mining starts but the lack of basic scientific knowledge on the methodologies for the ecological surveys of fauna in the context of deep-sea mining impacts is still scarce. We review the methodology to sample, process and investigate metazoan infauna both inhabiting sediments and nodules dwelling on these polymetallic-nodule areas. We suggest effective procedures for sampling designs, devices and methods involving gear types, sediment processing, morphological and genetic identification including metabarcoding and proteomic fingerprinting, the assessment of biomass, functional traits, fatty acids, and stable isotope studies within the CCFZ based on both first-hand experiences and literature. We recommend multi- and boxcorers for the quantitative assessments of meio- and macrofauna, respectively. The assessment of biodiversity at species level should be focused and/or the combination of morphological with metabarcoding or proteomic fingerprinting techniques. We highlight that biomass, functional traits, and trophic markers may provide critical insights for biodiversity assessments and how statistical modeling facilitates predicting patterns spatially across point-source data and is essential for conservation management.
Research Center/Unit :
FOCUS - Freshwater and OCeanic science Unit of reSearch - ULiège MARE - Centre Interfacultaire de Recherches en Océanologie - ULiège
Lins, Lidia ; Marine Biology Research Group Ghent University Ghent Belgium ; German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB) Senckenberg am Meer Wilhelmshaven Germany
Zeppilli, Daniela ; IFREMER, Centre de Bretagne, REM/EEP/LEP, ZI de la pointe du diable Plouzané France
Menot, Lénaïck; IFREMER, Centre de Bretagne, REM/EEP/LEP, ZI de la pointe du diable Plouzané France
Michel, Loïc ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution ; IFREMER, Centre de Bretagne, REM/EEP/LEP, ZI de la pointe du diable Plouzané France
Bonifácio, Paulo; IFREMER, Centre de Bretagne, REM/EEP/LEP, ZI de la pointe du diable Plouzané France
Brandt, Miriam; MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD Sète France
Pape, Ellen; Marine Biology Research Group Ghent University Ghent Belgium
Rossel, Sven ; German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB) Senckenberg am Meer Wilhelmshaven Germany
Uhlenkott, Katja; German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB) Senckenberg am Meer Wilhelmshaven Germany
Macheriotou, Lara; Marine Biology Research Group Ghent University Ghent Belgium
Bezerra, Tania Nara; Marine Biology Research Group Ghent University Ghent Belgium
Sánchez, Nuria; IFREMER, Centre de Bretagne, REM/EEP/LEP, ZI de la pointe du diable Plouzané France
Alfaro‐Lucas, Joan M. ; IFREMER, Centre de Bretagne, REM/EEP/LEP, ZI de la pointe du diable Plouzané France
Martínez Arbizu, Pedro; German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB) Senckenberg am Meer Wilhelmshaven Germany
Kaiser, Stefanie; Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology University of Lodz Łódź Poland
Murakami, Chisato; Deep Ocean Resources Development Co., Ltd Tokyo Japan
Vanreusel, Ann; Marine Biology Research Group Ghent University Ghent Belgium
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