Sensitised locomotion does not predict conditioned locomotion in cocaine-treated mice: further evidence against the excitatory conditioning model of context-dependent sensitisation
Tirelli, Ezio; Tambour, Sophie; Michel, Anne
2003 • In European Neuropsychopharmacology, 13 (4), p. 289-296
[en] The excitatory conditioning model of contextual sensitisation proposes that the progressive emergence of the locomotion-activating effect of cocaine (or any other stimulant drug) characterising that phenomenon is due to a growing conditioned response (the test context cues) that mimics the unchanging unconditioned response (the drug effect). The present study aimed at verifying whether the relationship between the amplitude of sensitisation and the size of the conditioned response was positive, a direct implication of that view. Sensitisation to the locomotion-activating effect of cocaine (10 mg/kg, s.c.) was firstly generated over 10 daily sessions in 25 mice (strain C57131/6J), another lot of 25 mice receiving the same dose of cocaine outside of the testing context. Conditioned locomotion was assessed 24 h later. No significant linear correlations were found between the magnitude of the conditioned response and the magnitude of the sensitised response (delta scores), the rate of sensitisation (individual regression coefficients) or the magnitude of the initial unconditioned response to cocaine (scores in the first session of sensitisation treatment). Accordingly, there was no significant correlation between the magnitude of the initial unconditioned response and the magnitude of the sensitised response or that of the initial unconditioned response. Therefore, the conditioned response is neither necessary nor sufficient for the development of context-dependent sensitisation of the locomotion-activating effect of cocaine, a conclusion that refutes the excitatory conditioning model of that chronic effect. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V./ECNP. All rights reserved.
Disciplines :
Animal psychology, ethology & psychobiology
Author, co-author :
Tirelli, Ezio ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences cognitives > Neuroscience comportementale et psychopharmacologie expér.
Tambour, Sophie ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences cognitives > Neuroscience comportementale et psychopharmacologie expér.
Michel, Anne
Language :
English
Title :
Sensitised locomotion does not predict conditioned locomotion in cocaine-treated mice: further evidence against the excitatory conditioning model of context-dependent sensitisation
Ahmed S.H., Stinus L., Cador M. Amphetamine-induced conditioned activity is insensitive to perturbations known to affect Pavlovian conditioned responses in rats. Behav. Neurosci. 112:1998;1167-1176.
Anastognoras S.G., Robinson T.E. Sensitization to the psychomotor stimulant effects of amphetamine: modulation by associative learning. Behav. Neurosci. 110:1996;1397-1414.
Anderson J.R. Learning and Memory: An Integrative Approach. 2nd Edition :2000;Wiley, New York.
Badiani A., Oates M.M., Day H.E.W., Watson S.J., Akil H., Robinson T.E. Environmental modulation of amphetamine-induced c-fos expression in D1 versus D2 striatal neurons. Behav. Brain Res. 103:1999;203-209.
Badiani A., Anastognoras S.G., Robinson T.E. The development of sensitization to the psychomotor stimulant effects of amphetamine is enhanced in a novel environment. Psychopharmacology. 117:1995;443-452.
Badiani A., Oates M.M., Robinson T.E. Modulation of morphine sensitization in the rat by contextual stimuli. Psychopharmacology. 151:2001;273-282.
Barr A.G., Sharpless N.S., Cooper S., Schiff S.R., Paredes W., Bridger H. Classical conditioning, decay and extinction of cocaine-induced hyperactivity and stereotypy. Life Sci. 33:1983;1341-1351.
Cabib S. Strain-dependent behavioural sensitisation to amphetamine: role of environmental influences. Behav. Pharmacol. 4:1993;367-374.
Carey R.J., Gui J. Cocaine conditioning and cocaine sensitization: what is the relationship? Behav. Brain Res. 92:1998;67-76.
Crombag H.S., Badiani A., Robinson T.E. Signalled versus unsignalled intravenous amphetamine: large differences in the acute psychomotor response and sensitisation. Brain Res. 722:1996;227-231.
Crombag H.S., Badiani A., Chan J., Dell'Orco J., Dineen S.P., Robinson T.E. The ability of environmental context to facilitate psychomotor sensitization to amphetamine can be dissociated from its effect on acute drug responsiveness and on conditioned responding. Neuropsychopharmacology. 24:2001;680-690.
Crombag H.S., Badiani A., Maren S., Robinson T.E. The role of contextual versus discrete drug-associated cues in promoting the induction of psychomotor sensitization to intravenous amphetamine. Behav. Brain Res. 116:2000;1-22.
Drew K.L., Glick S.D. Characterization of the associative nature of sensitization to amphetamine-induced circling behavior and of the environment dependent placebo-like response. Psychopharmacology. 95:1988;482-487.
Eich E. Context, memory, and integrated item/context imagery. J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Learn. 11:1985;764-770.
Fraioli S., Crombag H.S., Badiani A., Robinson T.E. Susceptibility to amphetamine-induced locomotor sensitisation is modulated by environmental stimuli. Neuropsychopharmacology. 20:1999;533-541.
Hayashi T., Ohashi K., Tadokoro S. Conditioned drug effects to d-amphetamine- and morphine-induced motor acceleration in mice: an experimental approach for the placebo effect. Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 30:1980;93-100.
Heinricks K.K., Miner L.L., Marley R.J. Differential cocaine sensitivity between two closely related substrains of C57BL/6J mice. Psychopharmacology. 132:1997;161-168.
Hinson R.E., Poulos C.X. Sensitization to the behavioral effects of cocaine: modification by Pavlovian conditioning. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 15:1981;559-562.
Mattingly B.A., Gotsick J.E. Conditioning and experiential factors affecting the development of sensitization to apomorphine. Behav. Neurosci. 103:1989;1311-1317.
Mattingly B.A., Himmler C., Bonta T., Rice L.T.L. Effects of selective dopamine D1- and D2-type receptor antagonists on the development of behavioral sensitization to 7-OH-DPAT. Psychopharmacology. 140:1998;387-397.
Mazurski E.J., Beninger R.J. Environment-specific conditioning and sensitization with (+)-amphetamine. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 27:1987;61-65.
Michel A., Tirelli E. Conditioned hyperkinesia induced by cocaine in mice is dose-dependent but not correlated with the unconditioned response or the contextually-sensitised response. Behav. Pharmacol. 13:2002;59-71.
Michel A., Tirelli E. Post-sensitisation conditioned hyperlocomotion induced by cocaine is augmented as a function of the dose in C57BL/6J mice. Behav. Brain Res. 132:2002;179-186.
Michel A., Tirelli E. Effects of the social conditions of housing through testing on cocaine-induced contextual sensitisation and conditioned locomotion in C57BL/6J mice. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry. 26:2002;1185-1191.
Nowak K., Moller H.G., Kuschinsky F. Conditioning of behavioural signs produced by nomifensine and by B-HT920 in rats. Psychopharmacology. 93:1987;182-187.
Partridge B., Schenk S. Context-independent sensitisation to the locomotor-activating effects of cocaine. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 63:1999;543-548.
Post R.M., Weiss S.R.B., Pert A. Sensitization and kindling effects of chronic cocaine. Lakoski J.M., Galloway M.P., White F.J. Cocaine: Pharmacology, Physiology and Clinical Strategies. 1992;115-161 CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Reimer A.R., Martin-Iverson M.T. Nimodipine and haloperidol attenuate behavioural sensitization to cocaine but only nimodipine blocks the establishment of conditioned locomotion induced by cocaine. Psychopharmacology. 113:1994;404-410.
Siegel S. Drug-anticipating responses in animals. White L., Tursky B., Schwartz G.E. Placebo: Theory, Practice and Mechanisms. 1985;288-305 Guilford Press, New York.
Silverman P.B., Bonate P.L. Role of conditioned stimuli in addiction. Johnson B.A., Roache J.D. Drug Addiction and Its Treatment: Nexus of Neuroscience and Behavior. 1997;115-133 Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, PE.
Steckler T., Holsboer F. Conditioned activity to amphetamine in transgenic mice expressing an antisense RNA against the glucocorticoid receptor. Behav. Neurosci. 115:2001;207-219.
Stewart J., Badiani A. Tolerance and sensitization to the behavioral effects of drugs. Behav. Pharmacol. 4:1993;289-312.
Stewart J., Vezina P. Conditioning and behavioral sensitization. Kalivas P.W., Barnes C.D. Sensitization in the Nervous System. 1988;207-224 Telford Press, Caldwell, NJ.
Stewart J., Vezina P. Extinction procedures abolish conditioned stimulus control but spare sensitized responding to amphetamine. Behav. Pharmacol. 2:1991;65-71.
Stewart J., Vezina P. Conditioning and place-specific sensitisation of increases in activity induced by morphine in the VTA. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 20:1984;925-934.
Szechtman H., Talangbayan H., Eilam D. Environmental and behavioral components of sensitization induced by the dopamine agonist quinpirole. Behav. Pharmacol. 4:1993;405-410.
Tilson H.A., Rech R.H. Conditioned drug effects and absence of tolerance to d-amphetamine induced motor activity. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1:1973;149-153.
Tirelli E. Short-term contextual sensitisation and conditioned hyperkinesia produced by cocaine in suckling rats aged 4-10 days and 14-20 days. Psychopharmacology. 156:2001;42-52.
Tirelli E., Heidbreder C.A. Conditioning of and contextual sensitization to apomorphine-induced climbing in mice: evidence against the habituation hypothesis. Behav. Neurosci. 113:1999;368-376.
Tirelli E., Heidbreder C. Anticipatory responding, exclusive drug-context pairing and conditioned effects to sensitization to apomorphine-induced climbing in mice. Prog. Neuro-Psychopharm. Biol. Psych. 23:1999;505-518.
Tirelli E., Terry P. Amphetamine-induced conditioned activity and sensitization: the role of habituation to the test context and the involvement of Pavlovian processes. Behav. Pharmacol. 9:1998;409-419.
Wood R.D., Tirelli E., Snyder K.J., La Rocca T.M., Spear L.P. Evidence for behavioral sensitization to cocaine in preweanling rat pups. Psychopharmacology. 138:1998;114-123.
Woolverton W.L., Weiss S.R.B. Tolerance and sensitization to cocaine: an integrated view. Higgins S.T., Katz J.L. Cocaine Abuse: Behavior, Pharmacology, and Clinical Implications. 1998;107-134 Academic Press, San Diego.