[en] The epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis was investigated in two districts (Savelugu and West Mamprusi) of Northern Ghana with different land use and environmental characteristics. The land use intensity and environmental change was suspected to be higher in the Savelugu District. A cross-sectional entomological survey conducted along the White Volta river and its tributaries confirmed the presence of only Glossina palpalis gambiensis and G. tachinoides. The challenge index as measured by the product of tsetse density and tsetse infection rate was much higher in the West Mamprusi (19.6) than in the Savelugu district (4.7). A total of 10 13 cattle (508 in Savelugu and 505 in West Mamprusi) were bled from a random selection of 16 villages in the Savelugu District and 13 villaaes in the West Mamprusi District. Blood samples were examined for trypanosomes by the buffy coat technique (BCT). Blood samples that were positive in the BCT or negative in the BCT but with packed cell volume (PCV) values below 21 were further tested with a polymerase chain reaction for trypanosomal DNA. Plasma samples of all cattle were serologically tested with an indirect ELISA for trypanosomal antibodies. The parasitological and serological prevalence of bovine trypanosomoses was significantly higher in West Mamprusi (16 and 53%, respectively) than in Savelugu District (8 and 24%, respectively). An evaluation of animal health at the village herd level, using PCV as an index of anaemia, provided various epidemiological scenarios prevalent in the entire study-area. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Disciplines :
Phytobiology (plant sciences, forestry, mycology...) Veterinary medicine & animal health Entomology & pest control
Author, co-author :
Mahama, C. I.
Desquesnes, M.
Dia, M. L.
Losson, Bertrand ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires > Parasitologie et pathologie des maladies parasitaires
De Deken, R.
Geerts, S.
Language :
English
Title :
A cross-sectional epidemiological survey of bovine trypanosomosis and its vectors in the Savelugu and West Mamprusi districts of northern Ghana
Bengaly Z., Sidibe I., Ganaba R., Desquesnes M., Boly H., Sawadogo L. Comparative pathogenicity of three genetically distinct types of Trypanosoma congolense in cattle: clinical observations and haematological changes. Vet. Parasitol. 108:2002;1-19
Bourn, D., Reid, R., Rogers, D., Snow, B., Wint, W., 2001. Environmental Change and the Autonomous Control of Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis in Sub-Saharan Africa. Information Press Limited, Oxford, 248 pp.
Cannon, R.M., Roe, R.T. (Eds.), 1982. Livestock Diseases Surveys. Australian Government Publishing Services, Canberra, 35 pp.
Challier A., Laveissière C. Un nouveau piège pour la capture des glossines (Glossina: Diptera, Muscidae): description et essai sur le terrain. Cahier ORSTOM Sér. Méd. Parasitol. 11:1973;251-252
Clausen P.H., Sidibe I., Kabore I., Bauer B. Development of multiple drug resistance of Trypanosoma congolense in Zebu cattle under high natural tsetse fly challenge in the pastoral zone of Samorougouan, Burkina Faso. Acta Trop. 51:1992;29-236
Cross G.A.M. Antigenic variation in trypanosomes. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 26:1977;240-244
D'Ieteren G.D.M., Authie E., Wissocq N., Murray M. Trypanotolerance, an option for sustainable livestock production in areas at risk from trypanosomoses. Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz. 17:1998;154-175
de La Rocque S., Augusseau X., Guillobez S., Michel V., Bauer B., Cuisance D. The changing distribution of two riverine tsetse flies over 15 years in an increasingly cultivated area of Burkina Faso. Bull. Entomol. Res. 91:2001;157-166
Desquesnes M. Standardization internationale et regionale des épreuves immuno-enzymatiques: méthodes, interêts et limites. Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz. 16:1997;809-823
Desquesnes M., Dàvila A.M.R. Application of PCR-based tools for detection and identification of animal trypanosomoses; a review and perspectives. Vet. Parasitol. 109:2002;213-231
Desquesnes M., Bengaly Z., Millogo L., Meme Y., Sakande H. The analysis of the cross-reactions occurring in antibody-ELISA for the detection of trypanosomes can improve identification of the parasite species involved. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 95:2001;141-155
Desquesnes M., Michel J.F., Solano P., Millogo L., Bengaly Z., Sidibe I., de La Rocque S. Enquete parasitologique et serologique (ELISA-indirect) sur les trypanosomoses des bovins dans la zone de Sideradougou, Burkina Faso. Rev. Elev. Med. Vet. Pays Trop. 52:1999;223-232
Draeger, N., 1983. Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis control in Ghana. End of Project Report, German Technical Cooperation, unpublished report.
Guidot G., Roelants G.E. Sensibilité de taurins Baoulé et de Zébus à Trypanosoma (Dutonella) vivax et T. (Nannomonas) congolense. Rev. Elev. Méd. Vét. Pays Trop. 35:1982;233-244
Hendrickx G., Napala A., Dao B., Batawui K., Bastiaensen P., De Deken R., Vermeilen A., Vercruysse J., Slingenbergh J.H.W. The area-wide epidemiology of bovine trypanosomiasis and its impact on mixed farming in sub-humid West Africa: a case study in Togo. Vet. Parasitol. 84:1999;13-31
Hendrickx G., de La Rocque S., Reid R., Wint W. Spatial trypanosomosis management: from data-layers to decision making. Trends Parasitol. 17:2001;35-41
Holmes P.H. New approaches to the integrated control of trypanosomosis. Vet. Parasitol. 71:1997;121-135
Hopkins J.S., Chitambo H., Machila N., Luckins A.G., Rae P.F., Van den Bossche P., Eisler M.C. Adaptation and validation of antibody-ELISA using dried blood spots on filter paper for epidemiological surveys of tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis in cattle. Prev. Vet. Med. 37:1998;91-99
Jordan, A.M., 1986. Trypanosomiasis Control and African Rural Development. Longman, London, 357 pp.
Machila N., Sinyangwe L., Mubanga J., Hopkins J.S., Robinson T., Eisler M.C. Antibody-ELISA seroprevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in the Eastern Province of Zambia. Prev. Vet. Med. 49:2001;249-256
Masiga D.K., Smyth A.J., Hayes P., Bromidge T.J., Gibson W.C. Sensitive detection of trypanosomes in tsetse flies by DNA amplification. Int. J. Parasitol. 22:1992;909-918
Murray M., Murray P.K., McIntyre W.I.M. An improved parasitological technique for the diagnosis of African trypanosomiasis. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 71:1977;325-326
Ndao M., Pandey V.S., Zinsstag J., Pfister K. Helminth parasites and hypobiosis of nematodes in N'dama cattle during the dry season in the Gambia. Vet. Parasitol. 60:1995;161-166
Omanwar S., Rao J.R., Basagoudanavar S.H., Singh R.K., Butchaiah G. Direct and sensitive detection of Trypanosoma evansi by polymerase chain reaction. Acta Vet. Hung. 47:1999;351-359
Peregrine A.S. Chemotherapy and delivery systems-haemoparasites. Vet. Parasitol. 54:1994;223-248
Peregrine A.S., Knowles G., Ibatayo A.I., Scott J.R., Moloo S.K., Murphy N.B. Variation in resistance to isometamidium chloride and diminazene aceturate by clones derived from a stock of Trypanosoma congolense. Parasitology. 102:1991;93-100
Reid S., Kruska R.L., Deichman U., Thornton P.K., Leak S.G.A. Human population growth and the extinction of the tsetse fly. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 77:2000;227-236
Roelants G.E., Duvallet G., Hirsch W., Kanwe B., Pinder M., Guidot G., Libeau G., Melick V. Trypanosoma brucei: analysis of relapsing populations in sensitive and resistant breeds of cattle. Exp. Parasitol. 60:1985;18-31
Rogers D. Trypanosomiasis risk or challenge: a review. Acta Trop. 42:1985;5-23
Solano P., Michel J.F., Lefrancois T., de La Rocque S., Sidibe I., Zoungrana A., Cuissance D. Polymerase chain reaction as a diagnosis tool for detecting trypanosomes in naturally infected cattle in Burkina Faso. Vet. Parasitol. 86:1999;95-103
Swallow, B., 1998. Impact of trypanosomiasis on African agriculture. PAAT Tech. Sci. Series No. 2. FAO, Rome, 52 pp.
Zinsstag J., Ankers P., Ndao M., Bonfoh B., Pfister K. Multiparasitism, production and economics in domestic animals in sub-Saharan West Africa. Parasitol. Today. 14:1998;46-49
