Abstract :
[en] Staphylococci are among the commonly isolated bacteria from intramammary infections
in bovines, where Staphylococcus aureus is the most studied species. This species
carries a variety of virulence genes, contributing to bacterial survival and spread.
Less is known about non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) and their range of virulence
genes and mechanisms, but they are the most frequently isolated bacteria from
bovine milk. Staphylococci can also carry a range of antimicrobial resistance genes,
complicating treatment of the infections they cause. We used Illumina sequencing
to whole genome sequence 93 staphylococcal isolates selected from a collection of
staphylococcal isolates; 45 S. aureus isolates and 48 NAS isolates from 16 different
species, determining their content of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence
genes. Antimicrobial resistance genes were frequently observed in the NAS species
as a group compared to S. aureus. However, the lincosamide resistance gene lnuA
and penicillin resistance gene blaZ were frequently identified in NAS, as well as a
small number of S. aureus. The erm genes conferring macrolide resistance were also
identified in several NAS isolates and in a small number of S. aureus isolates. In
most S. aureus isolates, no antimicrobial resistance genes were detected, but in five
S. aureus isolates three to six resistance genes were identified and all five of these
carried the mecA gene. Virulence genes were more frequently identified in S. aureus,
which contained on average five times more virulence genes compared to NAS. Among
the NAS species there were also differences in content of virulence genes, such as
S. chromogenes with a higher average number of virulence genes. By determining the
content of a large selection of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance genes in
S. aureus and 16 different NAS species our results contribute with knowledge regarding
the genetic basis for virulence and antimicrobial resistance in bovine staphylococci,
especially the less studied NAS. The results can create a broader basis for further
research into the virulence mechanisms of this important group of bacteria in bovine
intramammary infections
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