Unusual dermatophytosis presentations and new emerging dermatophytes species

Dermatophytes are causing superficial mycosis in animals and humans.
Depending on the geophilic, zoophilic or anthropophilic origin of the fungus
but also on the immunological status of the patient, symptomatology can widely
differ. Nevertheless, each species is currently associated with typical clinical
manifestations, even if atypical localizations and/or clinical pictures are sometimes
also reported. Diagnostic tools applied to species identification have been
changing since the last two decades with the more frequent use of molecular
methods currently considered nowadays as reference methods for species identification.
It becomes obvious that the algorithm used for the distinction of closely
related species needs to combine phenotypic and genomic methods. All these
different points are discussed and the most recent novel species causing or
involved in human dermatophytosis are reported.