Morphological and genetic diversity of Pura Raza Español horse with regard to the coat colour

DNA; Alleles; Animals; Color; Datasets as Topic; Female; Gene Flow; Genetic Drift; Genetic Pleiotropy; Genetic Variation; Hair Color; Heterozygote; Horses; Male; Microsatellite Repeats; Quantitative Trait, Heritable; Selection, Genetic

Abstract :

[en] Gene mutations influencing melanocytes also impact on physiological and behavioural functions. In this study, we investigated their association with four different coat colours in the Pura Raza Español (PRE) horse using morphological traits and molecular datasets. Four different subpopulations were identified according to individual coat colour: grey, bay, chestnut and black. Coat colour significantly associated with morphological measurements. Observed and expected heterozygosity values were low in grey compared with the other three subpopulations, suggesting the presence of unique ancestral alleles probably arisen by genetic drift and selection mechanism effects. Nei's distance demonstrated a clear division among subpopulations, the grey being the most divergent group. Gene flow estimates were similar, showing the lowest values in grey. Divergence times among subpopulations assessed with the average square distance suggested that grey was the original PRE population which diverged from bay, chestnut and black. Our results also demonstrated a clear morphological differentiation according to coat colour. The close genetic structure of bay and chestnut PRE subpopulations and the clear differences in most morphological traits of grey and chestnut PRE mares would suggest the pleiotropic effect of genomic regions determining coat colour in horses. However, further analysis including genomic information would be necessary to elucidate the mechanisms involved. © 2018 Japanese Society of Animal Science

Disciplines :

Veterinary medicine & animal health

Author, co-author :

Sánchez-Guerrero, M. J.; Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, ETSIA, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain

Negro-Rama, S.; Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, ETSIA, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain

Demyda-Peyras, S.; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, IGEVET—Instituto de Genética Veterinaria “Ing. Fernando N. Dulout” (UNLP—CONICET LA PLATA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina

Sole Berga, Marina ; Université de Liège - ULg

Azor-Ortiz, P. J.; Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, ETSIA, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain

Valera-Córdoba, M.; Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, ETSIA, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain

Language :

English

Title :

Morphological and genetic diversity of Pura Raza Español horse with regard to the coat colour

Publication date :

2019

Journal title :

Animal Science Journal

ISSN :

1344-3941

eISSN :

1740-0929

Publisher :

Wiley, Oxford, United Kingdom

Volume :

Issue :

Pages :

14-22

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Available on ORBi :

since 18 December 2021

Statistics

Number of views

43 (1 by ULiège)

Number of downloads

1 (1 by ULiège)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

OpenCitations

Bibliography

Achmann, R., Curik, I., Dovc, P., Kavar, T., Bodo, I., Habe, F., … Brem, G. (2004). Microsatellite diversity, population subdivision and gene flow in the Lipizzan horse. Animal Genetics, 35, 285–292. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01157.x
Agaviezor, B. O., Peters, S. O., Adefenwa, M. A., Yakubu, A., Adebambo, O. A., Ozoje, M. O., … Imumorin, I. G. (2012). Morphological and microsatellite DNA diversity of Nigerian indigenous sheep. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 3, 38. https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-1891-3-38
ANCCE. (2017). Programa de mejora del Pura Raza Español. Retrieved from http://www.lgancce.com/web2/sites/default/files/pages_related_documents/anexo_ii_programa_de_mejora_del_pre.pdf
Andersson, L. (2003). Melanocortin receptor variants with phenotypic effects in horse, pig, and chicken. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 994, 313–318. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb03195.x
Bellone, R. R. (2010). Pleiotropic effects of pigmentation genes in horses. Animal Genetics, 41(Suppl. 2), 100–110. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02116.x
Berber, N., Gaouar, S., Leroy, G., Kdidi, S., Tabet Aouel, N., & Säidi Mehtar, N. (2014). Molecular characterization and differentiation of five horse breeds raised in Algeria using polymorphic microsatellite markers. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 131, 387–394. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbg.12092
Bize, P., Gasparini, J., Klopfenstein, A., Altwegg, R., & Roulin, A. (2006). Melanin-based coloration is a nondirectionally selected sex-specific signal of offspring development in the alpine swift. Evolution, 60, 2370–2380. https://doi.org/10.1554/06-155.1
Bowling, A. T., Eggleston-Stott, M. L., Byrns, G., Clark, R. S., Dileanis, S., & Wictum, E. (1997). Validation of microsatellite markers for routine horse parentage testing. Animal Genetics, 28, 247–252. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2052.1997.00123.x
Brooks, S. A., Gabreski, N., Miller, D., Brisbin, A., Brown, H. E., Streeter, C., … Antczak, D. F. (2010). Whole-genome SNP association in the horse: Identification of a deletion in myosin Va responsible for Lavender Foal Syndrome. PLoS Genetics, 6, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000909
Brooks, S. A., Makvandi-Nejad, S., Chu, E., Allen, J. J., Streeter, C., Gu, E., … Sutter, N. B. (2010). Morphological variation in the horse: Defining complex traits of body size and shape. Animal Genetics, 41, 159–165. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02127.x
Cervantes, I., Baumung, R., Molina, A., Druml, T., Gutiérrez, J. P., Sölkner, J., & Valera, M. (2009). Size and shape analysis of morphofunctional traits in the Spanish Arab horse. Livestock Science, 125, 43–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2009.03.006
Crow, J. F., & Kimura, M. (1970). An introduction to population genetics theory. New York, NY: Harper and Row.
Demyda-Peyrás, S., Membrillo, A., Bugno-Poniewierska, M., Pawlina, K., Anaya, G., & Moreno-Millán, M. (2013). The use of molecular and cytogenetic methods as a valuable tool in the detection of chromosomal abnormalities in horses: A case of sex chromosome chimerism in a Spanish purebred colt. Cytogenetic and Genome Research, 141, 277–283. https://doi.org/10.1159/000351225
Dieringer, D., & Schlötterer, C. (2003). Microsatellite analyser (MSA): A platform independent analysis tool for large microsatellite data sets. Molecular Ecology Notes, 3, 167–169. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00351.x
Dikmen, S., Dahl, G. E., Cole, J. B., Null, D. J., & Hansen, P. J. (2017). The larson blue coat color phenotype in holsteins: Characteristics and effects on body temperature regulation and production in lactating cows in a hot climate. Journal of Animal Science, 95, 1164–1169.
Ducrest, A. L., Keller, L., & Roulin, A. (2008). Pleiotropy in the melanocortin system, coloration and behavioural syndromes. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 23, 502–510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2008.06.001
Ducro, B. J., Bovenhuis, H., & Back, W. (2009). Heritability of foot conformation and its relationship to sports performance in a Dutch Warmblood horse population. Equine Veterinary Journal, 41, 139–143. https://doi.org/10.2746/042516409X366130
Felsenstein, J. (1989). PHYLIP—phylogeny inference package (Version 3.2). Cladistics, 5, 164–166.
Finn, J. L., Haase, B., Willet, C. E., van Rooy, D., Chew, T., Wade, C. M., … Velie, B. D. (2016). The relationship between coat colour phenotype and equine behaviour: A pilot study. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 174, 66–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2015.11.004
Frischknecht, M., Signer-Hasler, H., Leeb, T., Rieder, S., & Neuditschko, M. (2016). Genome-wide association studies based on sequence-derived genotypes reveal new QTL associated with conformation and performance traits in the Franches-Montagnes horse breed. Animal Genetics, 47, 227–229. https://doi.org/10.1111/age.12406
García, A., Valera, M., Molina, A., & Rodero, A. (1998). Genetic study of yhe colour coat in the characterisation of the equine breeds. Arch Zootec, 47, 247–253.
Goldstein, D. B., Ruiz Linares, A., Cavalli-Sforza, L. L., & Feldman, M. W. (1995). Genetic absolute dating based on microsatellites and the origin of modern humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 92, 6723–6727. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.92.15.6723
Gómez, M. D., Goyache, F., Molina, A., & Valera, M. (2009). Sire × stud interaction for body measurement traits in Spanish Purebred horses. Journal of Animal Science, 87, 2502–2509. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2008-0841
Henner, J., Poncet, P. A., Guérin, G., Hagger, C., Stranzinger, G., & Rieder, S. (2002). Genetic mapping of the (G)-locus, responsible for the coat color phenotype “progressive greying with age” in horses (Equus caballus). Mammalian Genome, 13, 535–537. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00335-002-2174-7
Horváth, G., Blahó, M., Kriska, G., Hegedüs, R., Gerics, B., Farkas, R., & Åkesson, S. (2010). An unexpected advantage of whiteness in horses: The most horsefly-proof horse has a depolarizing white coat. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 277, 1643–1650. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.2202
Jacobs, L. N., Staiger, E. A., Albright, J. D., & Brooks, S. A. (2016). The MC1R and ASIP coat color loci may impact behavior in the horse. Journal of Heredity, 107, 214–219. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esw007
Koenen, E. P. C., van Veldhuizen, A. E., & Brascamp, E. W. (1995). Genetic parameters of linear scored conformation traits and their relation to dressage and show-jumping performance in the Dutch Warmblood Riding Horse population. Livestock Production Science, 43, 85–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(95)00010-I
Krüger, K., Gaillard, C., Stranzinger, G., & Rieder, S. (2005). Phylogenetic analysis and species allocation of individual equids using microsatellite data. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 122, 78–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0388.2005.00505.x
Leroy, G., Callède, L., Verrier, E., Mériaux, J. C., Ricard, A., Danchin-Burge, C., & Rognon, X. (2009). Genetic diversity of a large set of horse breeds raised in France assessed by microsatellite polymorphism. Genetics Selection Evolution, 41, 31. https://doi.org/10.1186/1297-9686-41-31
Locke, M. M., Penedo, M. C. T., Bricker, S. J., Millon, L. V., & Murray, J. D. (2002). Linkage of the grey coat colour locus to microsatellites on horse chromosome 25. Animal Genetics, 33, 329–337. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2052.2002.00885.x
Ludwig, A., Pruvost, M., Reissmann, M., Benecke, N., Brockmann, G. A., Castaños, P., … Hofreiter, M. (2009). Coat color variation at the beginning of horse domestication. Science, 324, 485. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1172750
Magdesian, K. G., Williams, D. C., Aleman, M., Lecouteur, R. A., & Madigan, J. E. (2009). Evaluation of deafness in American Paint Horses by phenotype, brainstem auditory-evoked responses, and endothelin receptor B genotype. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 235, 1204–1211. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.235.10.1204
Marklund, L., Moller, M. J., Sandberg, K., & Andersson, L. (1996). A missense mutation in the gene for melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (MCIR) is associated with the chestnut coat color in horses. Mammalian Genome, 7, 895–899. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003359900264
McCabe, L., Griffin, L. D., Kinzer, A., Chandler, M., Beckwith, J. B., & McCabe, E. R. (1990). Overo lethal white foal syndrome: Equine model of aganglionic megacolon (Hirschsprung disease). American Journal of Medical Genetics, 36, 336–340. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.1320360319
Molina, A., Valera, M., Dos Santos, R., & Rodero, A. (1999). Genetic parameters of morphofunctional traits in Andalusian horse. Livestock Production Science, 60, 295–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(99)00101-3
Negro, S., Solé, M., Pelayo, R., Gómez, M. D., Azor, P. J., & Valera, M. (2016). Molecular diversity between two cohorts of six Spanish riding-horse breeds: Impact of selection in Crossbred vs Purebred populations. Livestock Science, 193, 88–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2016.09.013
Nei, M. (1972). Genetic distance between populations. The American Naturalist, 106, 283–292. https://doi.org/10.1086/282771
Ota, T. (1993). DISPAN: Genetic distance and phylogenetic analysis software. University Park, PA: Institute of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics, Pennsylvania State University.
Petlachová, T., Sobotková, E., Jiskrová, I., Píšová, M., Bihuncová, I., Černohorská, H., & Kostuková, M. (2012). Evaluation of the conformation of stallions of selected horse breeds. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 60, 375–382. Retrieved from http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84874095975&partnerID=tZOtx3y1
Pinto, L. F. B., De Almeida, F. Q., Quirino, C. R., Cabral, G. C., De Azevedo, P. C. N., & Santos, E. M. (2005). Multivariate analysis of body measures in Mangalarga Marchador foals: Discriminant analysis [Análise multivariada das medidas morfométricas de potros da raça Mangalarga Marchador: Análise discriminante]. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 34, 600–612. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982005000200030
Plante, Y., Vega-Pla, J. L., Lucas, Z., Colling, D., De March, B., & Buchanan, F. (2007). Genetic diversity in a feral horse population from Sable Island, Canada. Journal of Heredity, 98, 594–602. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esm064
Pruvost, M., Bellone, R., Benecke, N., Sandoval-Castellanos, E., Cieslak, M., Kuznetsova, T., … Ludwig, A. (2011). Genotypes of predomestic horses match phenotypes painted in Paleolithic works of cave art. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108, 18626–18630. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1108982108
Prystupa, J. M., Juras, R., Cothran, E. G., Buchanan, F. C., & Plante, Y. (2012). Genetic diversity and admixture among Canadian, Mountain and Moorland and Nordic pony populations. Animal, 6, 19–30. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731111001212
Reissmann, M., & Ludwig, A. (2013). Pleiotropic effects of coat colour-associated mutations in humans, mice and other mammals. Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology, 24, 576–586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2013.03.014
Rieder, S., Taourit, S., Maria, D., Langlois, B., & Guérin, G. (2001). Mutations in the agouti (ASIP), the extension (MC1R), and the brown (TYRP1) loci and their association to coat color phenotypes in horses (Equus caballus). Mammalian Genome, 12, 450–455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003350020017
Rosengren Pielberg, G., Golovko, A., Sundström, E., Curik, I., Lennartsson, J., Seltenhammer, M. H., … Andersson, L. (2008). A cis-acting regulatory mutation causes premature hair graying and susceptibility to melanoma in the horse. Nature Genetics, 40, 1004–1009. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.185
Roulin, A. (2004). The evolution, maintenance and adaptive function of genetic colour polymorphism in birds. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 79, 815–848. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1464793104006487
Saastamoinen, M. A., & Barrey, E. (2000). Genetics of conformation, locomotion and physiological traits. In A. T. Bowling & A. Ruvinsky (Eds), Genet horse (pp. 439–472). London, UK: CABI. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851994291.0000
Saitou, N., & Nei, M. (1987). The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology Evolution Journal, 4, 406–425.
Sánchez-Guerrero, M. J., Cervantes, I., Molin, A., Gutiérrez, J. P., & Valera, M. (2016). Designing an early selection morphological linear traits index for dressage in the Pura Raza Español horse. Animal, 11, 948–957. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731116002214
Sánchez-Guerrero, M. J., Cervantes, I., Valera, M., & Gutiérrez, J. P. (2014). Modelling genetic evaluation for dressage in Pura Raza Español horses with focus on the rider effect. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 131, 395–402. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbg.12088
Sánchez-Guerrero, M. J., Molina, A., Gómez, M. D., Peña, F., & Valera, M. (2016). Relationship between morphology and performance: Signature of mass-selection in Pura Raza Español horse. Livestock Science, 185, 148–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2016.01.003
San-Jose, L. M., Ducret, V., Ducrest, A.-L., Simon, C., & Roulin, A. (2017). Beyond mean allelic effects: A locus at the major color gene MC1R associates also with differing levels of phenotypic and genetic (co)variance for coloration in barn owls. Evolution, 71, 2469–2483. https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.13343
Sevane, N., Dunner, S., Boado, A., & Cañon, J. (2017). Polymorphisms in ten candidate genes are associated with conformational and locomotive traits in Spanish Purebred horses. Journal of Applied Genetics, 58, 355–361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13353-016-0385-y
Slatkin, M. (1995). A measure of population subdivision based on microsatellite allele frequencies. Genetics, 139, 457–462.
Solé, M., Santos, R., Gómez, M. D., Galisteo, A. M., & Valera, M. (2013). Evaluation of conformation against traits associated with dressage ability in unridden Iberian horses at the trot. Research in Veterinary Science, 95, 660–666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.06.017
Solé, M., Valera, M., Gómez, M. D., Cervantes, I., & Fernández, J. (2013). Implementation of optimum contributions selection in endangered local breeds: The case of the Menorca Horse population. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 130, 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbg.12023
Sponenberg, P. (2009). Colors built from the basic colors. Equine color genet (pp. 39–72). John Wiley & Sons.
Stachurska, A., Pieta, M., Łojek, J., & Szulowska, J. (2007). Performance in racehorses of various colours. Livestock Science, 106, 282–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2006.07.017
StatSoft. (2007). STATISTICA (data analysis software system). Retrieved from www.statsoft.com
Steingrímsson, E., Copeland, N. G., & Jenkins, N. A. (2006). Mouse coat color mutations: From fancy mice to functional genomics. Developmental Dynamics, 235, 2401–2411. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.20840
Thiruvenkadan, A. K., Kandasamy, N., & Panneerselvam, S. (2008). Coat colour inheritance in horses. Livestock Science, 117, 109–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2008.05.008
Valera, M., Molina, A., Gutiérrez, J. P., Gómez, J., & Goyache, F. (2005). Pedigree analysis in the Andalusian horse: Population structure, genetic variability and influence of the Carthusian strain. Livestock Production Science, 95, 57–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livprodsci.2004.12.004
Van Den Broeke, A., Aluwé, M., Tuyttens, F. A. M., Ampe, B., Vanhaecke, L., Wauters, J., … Millet, S. (2015). An intervention study demonstrates effects of MC4R genotype on boar taint and performances of growing–finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 93, 934–943. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2014-8184
Weller, R., Pfau, T., Verheyen, K., May, S. A., & Wilson, A. M. (2006). The effect of conformation on orthopaedic health and performance in a cohort of National Hunt racehorses: Preliminary results. Equine Veterinary Journal, 38, 622–627. https://doi.org/10.2746/042516406X159034
Wright, S. (1990). Evolution in mendelian populations. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 52, 241–295. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02459575
Zechner, P., Zohman, F., Sölkner, J., Bodo, I., Habe, F., Marti, E., & Brem, G. (2001). Morphological description of the Lipizzan horse population. Livestock Production Science, 69, 163–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(00)00254-2