Effect of Different Parameters on Volatile Composition of the Different Parts of Cymbopogon schoenanthus L. Spreng (Poaceae) Extracted by Headspace Solid-phase Microextraction and Hydrodistillation
[en] In the present study, volatiles from different organs (leaves, roots, and spikelets) of Cymbopogon schoenanthus L. Spreng were investigated. The samples were collected from Oued Sbaa, El-Menia (Algeria) and analyzed for the first time by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition to this green technique, cryogenic grinding using liquid nitrogen was performed on all samples to minimize the volatile loss. Results of HS-SPME (adsorption and affinity-based) were compared with those of essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation (heating-based) as a conventional extraction method and revealed remarkable variability. Findings showed also similarities in leaves and spikelets volatile mainly composed of monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons; however, the volatile profile of the roots presented a specific composition dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. The effects of HS-SPME extraction parameters such as the temperature of headspace (45°C and 55°C), type of fiber coating (PDMS and PDMS/CAR), and the salting-out effect (sodium chloride at 20 %) were also studied. The results display that salt adding has considerably reduced the extraction efficiency of the analytes. Temperature presented two opposing effects on the composition. PDMS/CAR fiber revealed a great performance over PDMS. The multivariate statistical analysis including the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and the principal component analysis (PCA) were used and showed many differences amongst the selected plant parts and the studied parameters. The results showed the possibility of HS-SPME-GC-MS application as a complementary tool for the characterization of the chemical composition of C. schoenanthus L. Spreng.
Research center :
MolSys - Molecular Systems - ULiège CART - Centre Interfacultaire d'Analyse des Résidus en Traces - ULiège
Eppe, Gauthier ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de chimie (sciences) > Chimie analytique inorganique
Language :
English
Title :
Effect of Different Parameters on Volatile Composition of the Different Parts of Cymbopogon schoenanthus L. Spreng (Poaceae) Extracted by Headspace Solid-phase Microextraction and Hydrodistillation
Naima, H., Mahfoud, H.M., Farah, R., and Alia, T., (2016). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) spreng. essential oil, growing in Illizi - Algeria. J. Med. Plants Res. 10 (14): 188 - 194. doi: 10.5897/JMPR2015.5985
Khadri, A., de Ascensãob, L.M.P., Alvesb, R.M.S., Nogueirac, J.M.F., Araújoc, M.E.M., Neffati, M., and Smiti, S., (2010). Morphoanatomy and histochemistry of Cymbopogon schoenanthus (Poaceae). Rev. Rég. Arid. 24 (2): 112 - 121.
Al-Snafi, A.E., (2016). The chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Cymbopagon schoenanthus: A review. J. Chem. Res. 1 (5): 53 - 61.
Akhila, A., Bertea, C.M., Bigheli, A., Casanova, J., Khunkitti, W., Maffei, M.E., et al. (2009). Essential Oil-Bearing Grasses: The Genus Cymbopogon. Taylor & Francis Group, New York.
Lal, M., Borah, A., and Pandey, S.K., (2019). Identification of a new high Geraniol rich variety “jor lab L-15” of lemongrass [Cymbopogon khasianus (hack) Stapf (ex Bor)]. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants. 22 (4): 972 - 978. doi: 10.1080/0972060X.2019.1661797
Lal, M., Dutta, S., Munda, S., and Pandey, S.K., (2018). Identification and registration of a high essential oil yielding variety (Jor Lab L-14) of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus L.) through mutation breeding technique. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants. 21 (6): 1604 - 1611. doi: 10.1080/0972060X.2018.1559105
Lal, M., (2018). Jor Lab L-8 (IC0619026; INGR16020), a lemon grass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) germplasm with high herbage yield with high essential oil content. Indian J. Plant Genet. Resour. 31 (1): 117 - 118.
Lal, M., Munda, S., Dutta, S., and Pandey, S.K., (2020). Identification of a novel germplasm (Jor Lab L-9) of lemon grass (Cymbopogon khasianus) rich in methyl eugenol. Crop Breed. Appl. Biotechnol. 20 (3): e32072031. doi: 10.1590/1984-70332020v20n3c49
Lal, M., Baruah, J., Begum, T., and Pandey, S.K., (2020). Identification of a novel myrcene and methyl iso-eugenol rich essential oil variant (Jor Lab L-11) of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus L.). J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants. 23 (4): 660 - 668. doi: 10.1080/0972060X.2020.1823893
Ramdane, F., Mahammed, M.H., Hadj, M.D.O., Chanai, A., Hammoudi, R., Hillali, N., Mesrouk, H., Bouafia, I., and Bahaz, C., (2015). Ethnobotanical study of some medicinal plants from Hoggar, Algeria. J. Med. Plants Res. 9 (30): 820 - 827. doi: 10.5897/JMPR2015.5805
Bellik, F.-Z., Benkaci-Ali, F., Alsafra, Z., Eppe, G., Tata, S., Sabaou, N., and Zidani, R., (2019). Chemical composition, kinetic study and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Cymbopogon schoenanthus L. Spreng extracted by conventional and microwave-assisted techniques using cryogenic grinding. Ind. Crops Prod. 139: 111505. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111505
Aous, W., Benchabane, O., Outaleb, T., Hazzit, M., Mouhouche, F., Yekkour, A., and Baaliouamer, A., (2019). Essential oils of Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng. from Algerian Sahara: chemical variability, antioxidant, antimicrobial and insecticidal properties. J. Essent. Oil Res. 31 (6): 562 - 572. doi: 10.1080/10412905.2019.1612790
Khadri, A., Serralheiro, M.L.M., Nogueira, J.M.F., Neffati, M., Smiti, S., and Araújo, M.E.M., (2008). Antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase activities of essential oils from Cymbopogon schoenanthus L. Spreng. Determination of chemical composition by GC-mass spectrometry and 13C NMR. Food Chem. 109 (3): 630 - 637. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.12.070
Mohammadhosseini, M., (2015). Chemical composition of the volatile fractions from flowers, leaves and stems of Salvia mirzayanii by HS-SPME-GC-MS. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants. 18 (2): 464 - 476. doi: 10.1080/0972060X.2014.1001185
Arthur, C.L., and Pawliszyn, J., (1990). Solid phase microextraction with thermal desorption using fused silica optical fibers. Anal. Chem. 62 (19): 2145 - 2148. doi: 10.1021/ac00218a019
Stashenko, E.E., and Martínez, J.R., (2007). Sampling volatile compounds from natural products with headspace/solid-phase micro-extraction. J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods. 70 (2): 235 - 242. doi: 10.1016/j.jbbm.2006.08.011
Mohammadhosseini, M., (2015). Chemical composition of the essential oils and volatile fractions from flowers, stems and roots of Salvia multicaulis Vahl. by using MAHD, SFME and HS-SPME methods. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants. 18 (6): 1360 - 1371. doi: 10.1080/0972060X.2015.1024447
Bicchi, C., Cordero, C., Liberto, E., Sgorbini, B., and Rubiolo, P., (2008). Headspace sampling of the volatile fraction of vegetable matrices. J. Chromatogr. A. 1184 (1-2): 220 - 233. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.06.019
Cappelaro, E.A., and Yariwake, J.H., (2015). HS-SPME-GC-MS analysis of volatile and semi-volatile compounds from dried leaves of Mikania glomerata Sprengel. Quim. Nova. 38 (3): 427 - 430.
Pharmacopée Européenne. (1996). Conseil de l’Europe. Maisonneuve SA Ed. Sainte Ruffine. 45 - 49.
Van Den Dool, H., and Dec. Kratz, P., (1963). A generalization of the retention index system including linear temperature programmed gas-liquid partition chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A. 11: 463 - 471. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)80947-X
Adams, R.P., (2007). Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Allured publishing Co. Carol Stream, illinois. 446.
Tissot, E., Rochat, S., Debonneville, C., and Chaintreau, A., (2012). Rapid GC-FID quantification technique without authentic samples using predicted response factors. Flavour Fragr. J. 27 (4): 290 - 296. doi: 10.1002/ffj.3098
Bossou, A.D., Ahoussi, E., Ruysbergh, E., Adams, A., Smagghe, G., De Kimpe, N., Avlessi, F., Sohounhloue, D.C.K., and Mangelinckx, S., (2015). Characterization of volatile compounds from three Cymbopogon species and Eucalyptus citriodora from Benin and their insecticidal activities against Tribolium castaneum. Ind. Crops Prod. 76: 306 - 317. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.06.031
Hashim, G.M., Almasaudi, S.B., Azhar, E., Al, S.K., and Harakeh, S., (2016). Biological activity of Cymbopogon schoenanthus essential oil. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 24 (7): 1458 - 1464. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.06.001
Bouchachia, C., Benkaci-Ali, F., Eppe, G., and Scholl, G., (2017). Effect of different parameters on composition of volatile components of Myristica fragrans seeds extracted by hydro-distillation assisted by microwave and head-space solid-phase micro-extraction. J. Essent. Oil Res. 29 (6): 481 - 493. doi: 10.1080/10412905.2017.1322006
Saison, D., De Schutter, D.P., Delvaux, F., and Delvaux, F.R., (2008). Optimisation of a complete method for the analysis of volatiles involved in the flavour stability of beer by solid-phase microextraction in combination with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A. 1190 (1-2): 342 - 349. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.03.015
Jiang, X., Basheer, C., Zhang, J., and Hian, K.L., (2005). Dynamic hollow fiber-supported headspace liquid-phase microextraction. J. Chromatogr. A. 1087 (1-2): 289 - 294. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.06.010
Cuevas-Glory, L.F., Sosa-Moguel, O., Pino, J., and Sauri-Duch, E., (2015). GC-MS characterization of volatile compounds in Habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) by optimization of headspace solid-phase microextraction conditions. Food Anal. Methods. 8 (4): 1005 - 1013. doi: 10.1007/s12161-014-9980-x
Câmara, J.S., Alves, M.A., and Marques, J.C., (2006). Development of headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methodology for analysis of terpenoids in Madeira wines. Anal. Chim. Acta. 555 (2): 191 - 200. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.09.001
Nezhadali, A., and Zarrabi-Shirvan, B., (2010). Separation, identification and determination of volatile compounds of Ziziphora persica Bunge using HS-SPME/GC-MS. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Dev. 1 (2): 115 - 118. doi: 10.7763/IJESD.2010.V1.23
Ma, Q.L., Hamid, N., Bekhit, A.E.D., Robertson, J., and Law, T.F., (2013). Optimization of headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) for gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of aroma compounds in cooked beef using response surface methodology. Microchem. J. 111: 16 - 24. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2012.10.007
Bianchin, J.N., Nardini, G., Merib, J., Dias, A.N., Martendal, E., and Carasek, E., (2014). Screening of volatile compounds in honey using a new sampling strategy combining multiple extraction temperatures in a single assay by HS-SPME-GC-MS. Food Chem. 145: 1061 - 1065. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.139
Adam, M., Juklová, M., Bajer, T., Eisner, A., and Ventura, K., (2005). Comparison of three different solid-phase microextraction fibres for analysis of essential oils in yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) leaves. J. Chromatogr. A. 1084 (1-2): 2 - 6. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.05.072
Moradi, M., Kaykhaii, M., Ghiasvand, A.R., Shadabi, S., and Salehinia, A., (2012). Comparison of headspace solid-phase microextraction, headspace single-drop microextraction and hydro-distillation for chemical screening of volatiles in Myrtus communis L. Phytochem. Anal. 23 (4): 379 - 386. doi: 10.1002/pca.1368
Yang, C., Wang, J., and Li, D., (2013). Microextraction techniques for the determination of volatile and semi volatile organic compounds from plants/: A review. Anal. Chim. Acta. 799: 8 - 22. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.07.069
Mékaoui, R., Benkaci-Ali, F., Scholl, G., and Eppe, G., (2019). Effect of different parameters on composition of volatile components of leaf, stem and seed from Algerian Bupleurum fruticosum L. extracted by hydrodistillation and headspace solid-phase microextraction. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants. 22 (1): 50 - 72. doi: 10.1080/0972060X.2019.1588786
Kataoka, H., Lord, H.L., and Pawliszyn, J., (2000). Applications of solid-phase microextraction in food analysis. J. Chromatogr. A. 880 (1-2): 35 - 62. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00309-5
Maggi, F., Papa, F., Cristalli, G., Sagratini, G., and Vittori, S., (2010). Characterisation of the mushroom-like flavour of Melittis melissophyllum L. subsp. melissophyllum by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Food Chem. 123 (4): 983 - 992. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.05.049
Carasek, E., and Pawliszyn, J., (2006). Screening of tropical fruit volatile compounds using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers and internally cooled SPME fiber. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54 (23): 8688 - 8696. doi: 10.1021/jf0613942
Pellati, F., Benvenuti, S., Yoshizaki, F., Bertelli, D., and Rossi, M.C., (2005). Headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the volatile compounds of Evodia species fruits. J. Chromatogr. A. 1087 (1-2): 265 - 273. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.01.060
Fan, Z.Q., Wang, S.B., Mu, R.M., Wang, X.R., Liu, S.X., and Yuan, X.L., (2009). A simple, fast, solvent-free method for the determination of volatile compounds in Magnolia grandiflora linn. J. Anal. Chem. 64 (3): 289 - 294. doi: 10.1134/S1061934809030149
Li, N., Mao, Y., Deng, C., and Zhang, X., (2008). Separation and identification of volatile constituents in Artemisia argyi flowers by GC-MS with SPME and steam distillation. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 46 (5): 401 - 405. doi: 10.1093/chromsci/46.5.401
