Article (Scientific journals)
Continuous flow processing of bismuthphotocatalyzed atom transfer radical addition reactions using an oscillatory flow reactor
Bianchi, Pauline; Kappe, Oliver; Williams, Jason
2021In Green Chemistry, 23, p. 2685-2693
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Keywords :
Continuous flow; Bismuth oxide; Photochemistry
Abstract :
[en] Metal oxides represent an abundant and non-toxic class of photocatalysts for organic transformations. However, their use in larger scale processes is complicated by incompatibilities with continuous flow processing – a proven scale-up route for photochemistry. We detail the development of an efficient atom transfer radical addition protocol using a sustainable solvent system (acetone : PEG 400) and a low loading (2 mol%) of Bi2O3, which can be handled in an oscillatory flow reactor. Optimization of the reaction and oscillatory parameters led to high throughput (36 g in 4 h, 89% yield, 599 g L−1 h−1), with a process mass intensity (PMI) of just 8.5. The process also facilitates high recyclability (3 cycles with no loss of yield), and was demonstrated to be applicable to a range of other substrates on multigram scale, in moderate to excellent yields.
Disciplines :
Chemistry
Author, co-author :
Bianchi, Pauline  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de chimie (sciences) > Master en sc. chimiques, à fin.
Kappe, Oliver;  University of Graz > Institute of Chemistry > Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW)
Williams, Jason;  University of Graz > Institute of Chemistry > Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW)
Language :
English
Title :
Continuous flow processing of bismuthphotocatalyzed atom transfer radical addition reactions using an oscillatory flow reactor
Publication date :
2021
Journal title :
Green Chemistry
ISSN :
1463-9262
eISSN :
1463-9270
Publisher :
Royal Society of Chemistry, United Kingdom
Volume :
23
Pages :
2685-2693
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Available on ORBi :
since 18 November 2021

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