Article (Scientific journals)
Noroviruses—The State of the Art, Nearly Fifty Years after Their Initial Discovery
Ludwig-Begall, Louisa; Mauroy, Axel; Thiry, Etienne
2021In Viruses, 13, p. 1541
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Keywords :
norovirus; phylogeny; model systems; genome; virion; evolution; replication; treatment and prophylaxis; clinic; epidemiology; detection; immunity
Abstract :
[en] Human noroviruses are recognised as the major global cause of viral gastroenteritis. Here, we provide an overview of notable advances in norovirus research and provide a short recap of the novel model systems to which much of the recent progress is owed. Significant advances include an updated classification system, the description of alternative virus-like protein morphologies and capsid dynamics, and the further elucidation of the functions and roles of various viral proteins. Important milestones include new insights into cell tropism, host and microbial attachment factors and receptors, interactions with the cellular translational apparatus, and viral egress from cells. Noroviruses have been detected in previously unrecognised hosts and detection itself is facilitated by improved analytical techniques. New potential transmission routes and/or viral reservoirs have been proposed. Recent in vivo and in vitro findings have added to the understanding of host immunity in response to norovirus infection, and vaccine development has progressed to preclinical and even clinical trial testing. Ongoing development of therapeutics includes promising direct-acting small molecules and host-factor drugs.
Disciplines :
Immunology & infectious disease
Author, co-author :
Ludwig-Begall, Louisa  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires (DMI) > Virologie vétérinaire et maladies virales animales
Mauroy, Axel
Thiry, Etienne ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires (DMI) > Virologie vétérinaire et maladies virales animales
Language :
English
Title :
Noroviruses—The State of the Art, Nearly Fifty Years after Their Initial Discovery
Publication date :
04 August 2021
Journal title :
Viruses
eISSN :
1999-4915
Publisher :
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), Switzerland
Special issue title :
Noroviruses 2021
Volume :
13
Pages :
1541
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Funders :
Fonds Léon Fredericq [BE]
DADD - Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst [DE]
Service Public Federal ‘Santé Publique, Sécurité de la Chaîne alimentaire et Environnement’ (RT15/8 IQUINOR2)
F.R.S.-FNRS (Research Credit 33703738).
Federation Wallonie- Bruxelles (Bourse d’excellence WBI.World—SOR/2017/332396)
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