COVID-19; Stay-at-home order; Belgium; Mental health; Higher education students; Depressive symptoms; Academic stress; Fear of infection; Institutional dissatisfaction
Abstract :
[en] Background: The surge of COVID-19 infections has prompted many countries to take unprecedented policy measures. In Belgium, the authorities implemented a nation-wide stay-at-home order for several months. Evidence of the mental health effect of such measures is scarce. A recent review by Brooks et al. has compiled a defined list of stressors affecting people’s mental health under quarantine during previous epidemic settings. This study aims to test the association between these stressors and the mental health of students attending higher education during the stay-at-home order in Belgium.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 18,301 students from 13 higher education institutions (HEI) participated in an online survey between 26 April and 11 May 2020. We assessed the association between potential stressors and depressive symptoms severity scores and structural equation modeling was used to assess how stressors may mediate the association between duration of exposure and depressive symptoms severity.
Results: The stressors proposed by Brooks et al. were found to be associated with depressive symptoms severity. The stressors ‘perceived academic stress’, ‘institutional dissatisfaction’ and ‘fear of being infected’ were associated with substantially higher depressive symptoms severity scores. The association between duration of exposure and depressive symptoms severity was mediated by ‘academic stress’. Being in a steady relationship and living together with others were both associated with a lower depressive symptoms severity.
Conclusion: Findings underline the need for a student-centered approach and mental health prevention. Authorities and HEIs should consider whether and if so, how a stay-at-home order should be implemented.
Disciplines :
Regional & inter-regional studies
Author, co-author :
De Man, Jeroen; Universiteit Antwerpen - UA > Department of Family Medicine and Population Health
Buffel, Veerle; Universiteit Antwerpen - UA > Department of Sociology
van de Velde, Sarah; Universiteit Antwerpen - UA > Department of Sociology
Bracke, Piet; Universiteit Gent - UGent > Department of Sociology
Van Hal, Guido F.; Universiteit Antwerpen - UA > Social Epidemiology and Health Policy
Wouters, Edwin; Universiteit Antwerpen - UA > Department of Sociology
Gadeyne, Sylvie; Vrije Universiteit Brussel - VUB > Department of Sociology
Kindermans, Hanne; Universiteit Hasselt - UH > Research Group Healthcare and Ethics
Joos, Mathilde; HOGENT University of Applied Sciences and Arts
Vanmaercke, Sander; Vlaamse Vereniging van Studenten
Nyssen, Anne-Sophie ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Psychologie > Ergonomie et intervention au travail
Puttaert, Ninon ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Psychologie > Psychologie sociale
Vervecken, Dries; Karel de Grote University College
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