[en] Nitric oxide (NO) is a key active trace gas in the atmosphere, which contributes to form harmful ozone in the troposphere and to the destruction of ozone in the stratosphere. In this study, we present the NO retrieval from ground-based Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) solar absorption spectrometry measurements at a polluted site (Xianghe, China) and a background site (Maïdo, Reunion Island). The degree of freedom (DOF) of the NO retrieval is 2.3±0.4 (1σ) at Xianghe and 1.3±0.1 at Maïdo.
By looking at the FTIR NO retrievals at Xianghe and Maïdo, we find that the stratospheric NO partial column is large in summer as compared to winter at both sites, and the seasonal variation in the FTIR stratospheric NO partial columns is consistent with that observed by the co-located Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) satellite measurements. A large diurnal variation in the stratospheric NO partial column is observed by the FTIR measurements at Maïdo, with an increase from the early morning to about 14:00 local time and a decrease thereafter.
Due to the low NO concentration near the surface, the FTIR NO retrieval is only sensitive to the stratosphere at Maïdo. The high NO mole fraction near the surface at Xianghe allows us to derive tropospheric and stratospheric NO partial columns separately, although the tropospheric column is very difficult to retrieve in summer (June–August) because of the high water vapor abundance. A good correlation is found between the NO observed by the FTIR measurements and other air pollutants (NO2 and CO) in the troposphere at Xianghe. It is the first study of a successful analysis of NO in the troposphere from a ground-based FTIR site. The tropospheric and stratospheric NO retrieval might be possible at other potential FTIR sites inside or near large cities with enhanced levels of NO near the surface.
Research center :
Sphères - SPHERES
Disciplines :
Earth sciences & physical geography
Author, co-author :
Zhou, M.
Langerock, B.
Vigouroux, C.
Dils, B.
Hermans, C.
Kumps, N.
Nan, W.
Metzger, J.-M.
Mahieu, Emmanuel ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Groupe infra-rouge de phys. atmosph. et solaire (GIRPAS)
Wang, T.
Wang, P.
De Mazière, M.
Language :
English
Title :
Tropospheric and stratospheric NO retrieved from ground-based Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) measurements
Bauwens, M., Compernolle, S., Stavrakou, T., M ller, J.-F., van Gent, J., Eskes, H., Levelt, P. F., van der A, R., Veefkind, J. P., Vlietinck, J., Yu, H., and Zehner, C.: Impact of Coronavirus Outbreak on NO2 Pollution Assessed Using TROPOMI and OMI Observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, e2020GL087 978, http://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL087978, 2020.
Bermejo-Pantale n, D., Funke, B., L pez-Puertas, M., Garc a- Comas, M., Stiller, G. P., von Clarmann, T., Linden, A., Grabowski, U., H pfner, M., Kiefer, M., Glatthor, N., Kellmann, S., and Lu, G.: Global observations of thermospheric temperature and nitric oxide from MIPAS spectra at 5.3 ?m, J. Geophys. Res.- Space, 116, A10313, http://doi.org/10.1029/2011JA016752, 2011.
Bernath, P. F., McElroy, C. T., Abrams, M. C., Boone, C. D., Butler, M., Camy-Peyret, C., Carleer, M., Clerbaux, C., Coheur, P. F., Colin, R., DeCola, P., DeMazi re, M., Drummond, J. R., Dufour, D., Evans, W. F. J., Fast, H., Fussen, D., Gilbert, K., Jennings, D. E., Llewellyn, E. J., Lowe, R. P., Mahieu, E., Mc- Connell, J. C., McHugh, M., McLeod, S. D., Michaud, R., Midwinter, C., Nassar, R., Nichitiu, F., Nowlan, C., Rinsland, C. P., Rochon, Y. J., Rowlands, N., Semeniuk, K., Simon, P., Skelton, R., Sloan, J. J., Soucy, M. A., Strong, K., Tremblay, P., Turnbull, D., Walker, K. A., Walkty, I., Wardle, D. A., Wehrle, V., Zander, R., and Zou, J.: Atmospheric chemistry experiment (ACE): Mission overview, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L15S01, http://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL022386, 2005.
Blumenstock, T., Hase, F., Keens, A., Czurlok, D., Colebatch, O., Garcia, O., Griffith, D. W. T., Grutter, M., Hannigan, J. W., Heikkinen, P., Jeseck, P., Jones, N., Kivi, R., Lutsch, E., Makarova, M., Imhasin, H. K., Mellqvist, J., Morino, I., Nagahama, T., Notholt, J., Ortega, I., Palm, M., Raffalski, U., Rettinger, M., Robinson, J., Schneider, M., Servais, C., Smale, D., Stremme, W., Strong, K., Sussmann, R., T , Y., and Velazco, V. A.: Characterization and potential for reducing optical resonances in Fourier transform infrared spectrometers of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 1239-1252, http://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1239-2021, 2021.
Crippa, M., Guizzardi, D., Muntean, M., Schaaf, E., Dentener, F., van Aardenne, J. A., Monni, S., Doering, U., Olivier, J. G. J., Pagliari, V., and Janssens-Maenhout, G.: Gridded emissions of air pollutants for the period 1970-2012 within EDGAR v4.3.2, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1987-2013, http://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1987-2018, 2018.
Crutzen, P. J.: The influence of nitrogen oxides on the atmospheric ozone content, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 96, 320-325, http://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49709640815, 1970.
Crutzen, P. J.: The Role of NO and NO2 in the Chemistry of the Troposphere and Stratosphere, Annu. Rev. Earth Pl. Sc., 7, 443-472, http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ea.07.050179.002303, 1979.
Delmas, R., Ser a, D., and Jambert, C.: Global inventory of NOx sources, Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosys., 48, 51-60, http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009793806086, 1997.
De Mazi re, M., Thompson, A. M., Kurylo, M. J., Wild, J. D., Bernhard, G., Blumenstock, T., Braathen, G. O., Hannigan, J. W., Lambert, J.-C., Leblanc, T., McGee, T. J., Nedoluha, G., Petropavlovskikh, I., Seckmeyer, G., Simon, P. C., Steinbrecht, W., and Strahan, S. E.: The Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC): history, status and perspectives, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 4935-4964, http://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4935-2018, 2018.
Dub , K., Randel, W., Bourassa, A., Zawada, D., McLinden, C., and Degenstein, D.: Trends and Variability in Stratospheric NOx Derived From Merged SAGE II and OSIRIS Satellite Observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125, e2019JD031 798, http://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD031798, 2020.
Fischer, H., Birk, M., Blom, C., Carli, B., Carlotti, M., von Clarmann, T., Delbouille, L., Dudhia, A., Ehhalt, D., Endemann, M., Flaud, J. M., Gessner, R., Kleinert, A., Koopman, R., Langen, J., L pez-Puertas, M., Mosner, P., Nett, H., Oelhaf, H., Perron, G., Remedios, J., Ridolfi, M., Stiller, G., and Zander, R.: MIPAS: an instrument for atmospheric and climate research, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 2151-2188, http://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2151- 2008, 2008.
Galytska, E., Rozanov, A., Chipperfield, M. P., Dhomse, Sandip. S., Weber, M., Arosio, C., Feng, W., and Burrows, J. P.: Dynamically controlled ozone decline in the tropical mid-stratosphere observed by SCIAMACHY, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 767-783, http://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-767-2019, 2019.
Gordon, I., Rothman, L., Hill, C., Kochanov, R., Tan, Y., Bernath, P., Birk, M., Boudon, V., Campargue, A., Chance, K., Drouin, B., Flaud, J.-M., Gamache, R., Hodges, J., Jacquemart, D., Perevalov, V., Perrin, A., Shine, K., Smith, M.-A., Tennyson, J., Toon, G., Tran, H., Tyuterev, V., Barbe, A., Cs sz r, A., Devi, V., Furtenbacher, T., Harrison, J., Hartmann, J.-M., Jolly, A., Johnson, T., Karman, T., Kleiner, I., Kyuberis, A., Loos, J., Lyulin, O., Massie, S., Mikhailenko, S., Moazzen- Ahmadi, N., M ller, H., Naumenko, O., Nikitin, A., Polyansky, O., Rey, M., Rotger, M., Sharpe, S., Sung, K., Starikova, E., Tashkun, S., Auwera, J. V., Wagner, G., Wilzewski, J., Wcis?o, P., Yu, S., and Zak, E.: The HITRAN2016 molecular spectroscopic database, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 203, 3-69, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2017.06.038, hITRAN2016 Special Issue, 2017.
Hase, F., Blumenstock, T., and Paton-Walsh, C.: Analysis of the Instrumental Line Shape of High-Resolution Fourier Transform IR Spectrometers with Gas Cell Measurements and New Retrieval Software, Appl. Opt., 38, 3417, http://doi.org/10.1364/AO.38.003417, 1999.
Hendrick, F., M ller, J.-F., Cl mer, K., Wang, P., De Mazi re, M., Fayt, C., Gielen, C., Hermans, C., Ma, J. Z., Pinardi, G., Stavrakou, T., Vlemmix, T., and Van Roozendael, M.: Four years of ground-based MAX-DOAS observations of HONO and NO2 in the Beijing area, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 765-781, http://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-765-2014, 2014.
Jacob, D. J.: Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, available at: http://www. jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7t8hg (last access: 8 September 2021), 1999.
Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., Zhu, Y., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Higgins, W., Janowiak, J., Mo, K. C., Ropelewski, C., Wang, J., Leetmaa, A., Reynolds, R., Jenne, R., and Joseph, D.: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77, 437-472, http://doi.org/10.1175/1520- 0477(1996)0770437:TNYRP2.0.CO;2, 1996.
KIT MIPAS team: MIPAS satellite datasets, KIT [data set], available at: http://www.imk-asf.kit.edu/english/308.php, last access: 6 September 2021.
Kondo, Y., Aimedieu, P., Pirre, M., Matthews, W. A., Ramaroson, R., Sheldon, W. R., Benbrook, J. R., and Iwata, A.: Diurnal variation of nitric oxide in the upper stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 95, 22513-22522, http://doi.org/10.1029/JD095iD13p22513, 1990.
Lamarque, J.-F., Emmons, L. K., Hess, P. G., Kinnison, D. E., Tilmes, S., Vitt, F., Heald, C. L., Holland, E. A., Lauritzen, P. H., Neu, J., Orlando, J. J., Rasch, P. J., and Tyndall, G. K.: CAM-chem: description and evaluation of interactive atmospheric chemistry in the Community Earth System Model, Geosci. Model Dev., 5, 369-411, http://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5- 369-2012, 2012.
Marsh, D. R., Mills, M. J., Kinnison, D. E., Lamarque, J.-F., Calvo, N., and Polvani, L. M.: Climate Change from 1850 to 2005 Simulated in CESM1(WACCM), J. Climate, 26, 7372-7391, http://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00558.1, 2013.
Meraner, K. and Schmidt, H.: Transport of nitrogen oxides through the winter mesopause in HAMMONIA, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 2556-2570, http://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024136, 2016.
Monks, P. S., Archibald, A. T., Colette, A., Cooper, O., Coyle, M., Derwent, R., Fowler, D., Granier, C., Law, K. S., Mills, G. E., Stevenson, D. S., Tarasova, O., Thouret, V., von Schneidemesser, E., Sommariva, R., Wild, O., and Williams, M. L.: Tropospheric ozone and its precursors from the urban to the global scale from air quality to short-lived climate forcer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8889-8973, http://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8889-2015, 2015.
Ng, N. L., Chhabra, P. S., Chan, A.W. H., Surratt, J. D., Kroll, J. H., Kwan, A. J., McCabe, D. C., Wennberg, P. O., Sorooshian, A., Murphy, S. M., Dalleska, N. F., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Effect of NOx level on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the photooxidation of terpenes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5159-5174, http://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5159-2007, 2007.
Notholt, J., Meier, A., and Peil, S.: Total column densities of tropospheric and stratospheric trace gases in the undisturbed Arctic summer atmosphere, J. Atmos. Chem., 20, 311-332, http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00694500, 1995.
Park, S., Croteau, P., Boering, K. A., Etheridge, D. M., Ferretti, D., Fraser, P. J., Kim, K. R., Krummel, P. B., Langenfelds, R. L., Van Ommen, T. D., Steele, L. P., and Trudinger, C. M.: Trends and seasonal cycles in the isotopic composition of nitrous oxide since 1940, Nat. Geosci., 5, 261-265, http://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1421, 2012.
Portmann, R. W., Daniel, J. S., and Ravishankara, A. R.: Stratospheric ozone depletion due to nitrous oxide: influences of other gases, Philos. T. R. Soc. B, 367, 1256-1264, http://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0377, 2012.
Pougatchev, N. S., Connor, B. J., and Rinsland, C. P.: Infrared measurements of the ozone vertical distribution above Kitt Peak, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 16 689, http://doi.org/10.1029/95JD01296, 1995.
Randall, C. E., Harvey, V. L., Singleton, C. S., Bailey, S. M., Bernath, P. F., Codrescu, M., Nakajima, H., and Russell III, J. M.: Energetic particle precipitation effects on the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere in 1992-2005, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, D08308, http://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007696, 2007.
Rocco, M., Colomb, A., Baray, J.-L., Amelynck, C., Verreyken, B., Borbon, A., Pichon, J.-M., Bouvier, L., Schoon, N., Gros, V., Sarda-Esteve, R., Tulet, P., Metzger, J.-M., Duflot, V., Guadagno, C., Peris, G., and Brioude, J.: Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds during the OCTAVE Campaign: Sources and Distributions of Formaldehyde on Reunion Island, Atmosphere, 11, 140, http://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11020140, 2020.
Rodgers, C. D.: Inverse Methods for Atmospheric Sounding - Theory and Practice, Series on Atmospheric Oceanic and Planetary Physics, 2, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd, Singapore, http://doi.org/10.1142/9789812813718, 2000.
Rodgers, C. D. and Connor, B. J.: Intercomparison of remote sounding instruments, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 46-48, http://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002299, 2003.
Sheese, P. E., Walker, K. A., Boone, C. D., McLinden, C. A., Bernath, P. F., Bourassa, A. E., Burrows, J. P., Degenstein, D. A., Funke, B., Fussen, D., Manney, G. L., McElroy, C. T., Murtagh, D., Randall, C. E., Raspollini, P., Rozanov, A., Russell III, J. M., Suzuki, M., Shiotani, M., Urban, J., von Clarmann, T., and Zawodny, J. M.: Validation of ACE-FTS version 3.5 NOy species profiles using correlative satellite measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 5781-5810, http://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-5781-2016, 2016.
Steck, T.: Methods for determining regularization for atmospheric retrieval problems, Appl. Opt., 41, 1788-1797, http://doi.org/10.1364/AO.41.001788, 2002.
Tang, G., Li, X., Wang, Y., Xin, J., and Ren, X.: Surface ozone trend details and interpretations in Beijing, 2001-2006, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8813-8823, http://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-8813- 2009, 2009.
Tikhonov, A. N.: Solution of Incorrectly Formulated Problems and the Regularisation Method, Soviet. Math. Dokl., 4, 1035-1038, 1963.
Vaughan, G., Quinn, P. T., Green, A. C., Bean, J., Roscoe, H. K., van Roozendael, M., and Goutail, F.: SAOZ measurements of NO2 at Aberystwyth, J. Environ. Monitor., 8, 353-361, http://doi.org/10.1039/B511482A, 2006.
Wang, Y., Wen, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, S., Zhang, K. M., Zheng, H., Xing, J., Wu, Y., and Hao, J.: Four-Month Changes in Air Quality during and after the COVID-19 Lockdown in Six Megacities in China, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 7, 802-808, http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00605, 2020.
Wiacek, A., Jones, N. B., Strong, K., Taylor, J. R., Mittermeier, R. L., and Fast, H.: First detection of mesothermospheric Nitric Oxide (NO) by ground-based FTIR solar absorption spectroscopy, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L03811, http://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024897, 2006.
Yang, Y., Zhou, M., Langerock, B., Sha, M. K., Hermans, C.,Wang, T., Ji, D., Vigouroux, C., Kumps, N., Wang, G., De Mazi re, M., and Wang, P.: New ground-based Fourier-transform nearinfrared solar absorption measurements of XCO2, XCH4 and XCO at Xianghe, China, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1679-1696, http://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1679-2020, 2020.
Zhou, M., Vigouroux, C., Langerock, B.,Wang, P., Dutton, G., Hermans, C., Kumps, N., Metzger, J.-M., Toon, G., and De Mazi re, M.: CFC-11, CFC-12 and HCFC-22 ground-based remote sensing FTIR measurements at R union Island and comparisons with MIPAS/ENVISAT data, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 5621-5636, http://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-5621-2016, 2016.
Zhou, M., Langerock, B., Vigouroux, C., Sha, M. K., Ramonet, M., Delmotte, M., Mahieu, E., Bader, W., Hermans, C., Kumps, N., Metzger, J.-M., Duflot, V., Wang, Z., Palm, M., and De Mazi re, M.: Atmospheric CO and CH4 time series and seasonal variations on Reunion Island from ground-based in situ and FTIR (NDACC and TCCON) measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13881-13901, http://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13881- 2018, 2018.
Zhou, M., Langerock, B., Vigouroux, C., Sha, M. K., Hermans, C., Metzger, J.-M., Chen, H., Ramonet, M., Kivi, R., Heikkinen, P., Smale, D., Pollard, D. F., Jones, N., Velazco, V. A., Garc a, O. E., Schneider, M., Palm, M., Warneke, T., and De Mazi re, M.: TCCON and NDACC XCO measurements: difference, discussion and application, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 5979-5995, http://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5979-2019, 2019.
Zhou, M., Wang, P., Langerock, B., Vigouroux, C., Hermans, C., Kumps, N., Wang, T., Yang, Y., Ji, D., Ran, L., Zhang, J., Xuan, Y., Chen, H., Posny, F., Duflot, V., Metzger, J.- M., and De Mazi re, M.: Ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) O3 retrievals from the 3040 cm1 spectral range at Xianghe, China, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 5379-5394, http://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5379-2020, 2020.
