[en] Understanding which non-human primates (NHPs) act as a wild reservoir
for blood-borne pathogens will allow us to better understand the ecology of diseases and the role of
NHPs in the emergence of human diseases in Ecuador, a small country in South America that lacks
information on most of these pathogens. Methods and principal findings: A systematic review was
carried out using PRISMA guidelines from 1927 until 2019 about blood-borne pathogens present
in NHPs of the Neotropical region (i.e., South America and Middle America). Results: A total of
127 publications were found in several databases. We found in 25 genera (132 species) of NHPs a
total of 56 blood-borne pathogens in 197 records where Protozoa has the highest number of records in
neotropical NHPs (n = 128) compared to bacteria (n = 12) and viruses (n = 57). Plasmodium brasilianum
and Trypanosoma cruzi are the most recorded protozoa in NHP. The neotropical primate genus with the
highest number of blood-borne pathogens recorded is Alouatta sp. (n = 32). The use of non-invasive
samples for neotropical NHPs remains poor in a group where several species are endangered or
threatened. A combination of serological and molecular techniques is common when detecting
blood-borne pathogens. Socioecological and ecological risk factors facilitate the transmission of these
parasites. Finally, a large number of countries remain unsurveyed, such as Ecuador, which can be of
public health importance. Conclusions and significance: NHPs are potential reservoirs of a large
number of blood-borne pathogens. In Ecuador, research activities should be focused on bacteria and
viruses, where there is a gap of information for neotropical NHPs, in order to implement surveillance
programs with regular and effective monitoring protocols adapted to NHPs.
Research center :
FARAH - Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health - ULiège
Martin, Sarah; Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE > Ciencias de la Vida y de la Agricultura > Professor > Ph.D
Saegerman, Claude ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires (DMI) > Epidémiologie et analyse des risques appl. aux sc. vétér.
Language :
English
Title :
Zoonotic Blood-Borne Pathogens in Non-Human Primates in the Neotropical Region: A Systematic Review
Alternative titles :
[en] Zoonotic Blood-Borne Pathogens in Non-Human Primates in the Neotropical Region: A Systematic Review
Publication date :
10 August 2021
Journal title :
Pathogens
eISSN :
2076-0817
Publisher :
Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI), Basel, Switzerland
Volume :
10
Issue :
8
Pages :
3-33
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Name of the research project :
Hemoparasites and arboviruses in non-human primates of the Ecuadorian Amazon using non-invasive techniques
Funders :
ARES - Académie de Recherche et d'Enseignement Supérieur [BE]
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