birth control; ego network; infant attraction; reproductive condition; social position; social role; tubectomy; urban macaques; welfare
Abstract :
[en] Contraception is increasingly used to control wild animal populations. However, as reproductive condition influences social interactions in primates, the absence of new offspring could influence the females’ social integration. We studied two groups of wild macaques (Macaca fascicularis) including females recently sterilized in the Ubud Monkey Forest, Indonesia. We used social network analysis to examine female grooming and proximity networks and investigated the role of infant presence on social centrality and group connectivity, while controlling for the fertility status (sterilized N = 14, intact N = 34). We compared the ego networks of females experiencing different nursing conditions (young infant (YI) vs old infant (OI) vs non-nursing (NN) females). YI females were less central in the grooming network than other females while being more central in proximity networks, sug-gesting they could keep proximity within the group to protect their infant from hazards, while decreasing direct grooming interactions, involving potential risks such as kidnapping. The centrality of sterilized and intact females was similar, except for the proximity network where sterilized fe-males had more partners and a better group connectivity. These results confirm the influence of nursing condition in female macaque social networks and did not show any negative short-term effects of sterilization on social integration.
Disciplines :
Animal psychology, ethology & psychobiology
Author, co-author :
Giraud, Gwennan ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution > Biologie du comportement - Ethologie et psychologie animale
Sosa, Sebastian; University of Strasbourg > Department of Ecology, Physiology and Ethology > CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67200 Strasbourg, France
Hambuckers, Alain ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution > Biologie du comportement - Ethologie et psychologie animale
Deleuze, Stefan ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Dépt d'Ens. et de Clinique des animaux de Compagnie (DCC) > Reproduction des animaux de compagnie
Wandia, I Nengah
Huynen, Marie-Claude ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution > Biologie du comportement - Ethologie et psychologie animale
Poncin, Pascal ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution > Biologie du comportement - Ethologie et psychologie animale
Brotcorne, Fany ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution > Biologie du comportement - Ethologie et psychologie animale
Language :
English
Title :
Effect of Infant Presence on Social Networks of Sterilized and Intact Wild Female Balinese Macaques (Macaca fascicularis)
Publication date :
29 August 2021
Journal title :
Animals
eISSN :
2076-2615
Publisher :
MDPI AG, Basel, Switzerland
Special issue title :
Use of Social Network Analysis to Evaluate Animal Welfare
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