[en] In order to understand the evolution of the climate of Antarctica, dominant processes that control surface and low-atmosphere meteorology need to be accurately captured in climate models. We used the regional climate model MAR (v3.11) at 10 km horizontal resolution, forced by ERA5 reanalysis over a 9-year period (2010–2018) to study the impact of drifting snow (designating here the wind-driven transport of snow particles below and above 2 m) on the near-surface atmosphere and surface in Adelie Land, East Antarctica. Two model runs were performed, one with and one without drifting snow, and compared to half-hourly in situ observations at D17, a coastal and windy location of Adelie Land. We show that sublimation of drifting-snow particles in the atmosphere drives the difference between model runs and is responsible for significant impacts on the near-surface atmosphere. By cooling the low atmosphere and increasing its relative humidity, drifting snow also reduces sensible and latent heat exchanges at the surface (−5.7 W m−2 on average). Moreover, large and dense drifting-snow layers act as near-surface cloud by interacting with incoming radiative fluxes, enhancing incoming longwave radiation and reducing incoming shortwave radiation in summer (net radiative forcing: 5.7 W m−2). Even if drifting snow modifies these processes involved in surface–atmosphere interactions, the total surface energy budget is only slightly modified by introducing drifting snow because of compensating effects in surface energy fluxes. The drifting-snow driven effects are not prominent near the surface but peak higher in the boundary layer (fourth vertical level, 12 m) where drifting-snow sublimation is the most pronounced. Accounting for drifting snow in MAR generally improves the comparison at D17, especially for the representation of relative humidity (mean bias reduced from −14.0 % to −0.7 %) and incoming longwave radiation (mean bias reduced from −20.4 W m−2 to −14.9 W m−2). Consequently, our results suggest that a detailed representation of drifting-snow processes is required in climate models to better capture the near-surface meteorology and surface–atmosphere interactions in coastal Adelie Land.
Agosta, C., Amory, C., Kittel, C., Orsi, A., Favier, V., Gallee, H., van den Broeke, M. R., Lenaerts, J. T. M., vanWessem, J. M., van de Berg, W. J., and Fettweis, X.: Estimation of the Antarctic surface mass balance using the regional climate model MAR (1979? 2015) and identification of dominant processes, The Cryosphere, 13, 281?296, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-281-2019, 2019.
Amory, C.: Drifting-snow statistics from multiple-year autonomous measurements in Adelie Land, East Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 14, 1713?1725, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1713-2020, 2020.
Amory, C. and Kittel, C.: Brief communication: Rare ambient saturation during drifting snow occurrences at a coastal location of East Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 13, 3405?3412, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-3405-2019, 2019.
Amory, C., Trouvilliez, A., Gallee, H., Favier, V., Naaim-Bouvet, F., Genthon, C., Agosta, C., Piard, L., and Bellot, H.: Comparison between observed and simulated aeolian snow mass fluxes in Adelie Land, East Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 9, 1373?1383, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1373-2015, 2015.
Amory, C., Genthon, C., and Favier, V.: A drifting snow data set (2010?2018) from coastal Adelie Land, Eastern Antarctica, Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3630497, 2020a.
Amory, C., Le Toumelin, L., Favier, V., and Genthon, C.: Radiation data (2014?2019) at site D17 (Adelie Land, East Antarctica), Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4139737, 2020b.
Amory, C., Kittel, C., Le Toumelin, L., Agosta, C., Delhasse, A., Favier, V., and Fettweis, X.: Performance of MAR (v3.11) in simulating the drifting-snow climate and surface mass balance of Adelie Land, East Antarctica, Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3487? 3510, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3487-2021, 2021.
Barral, H., Genthon, C., Trouvilliez, A., Brun, C., and Amory, C.: Blowing snow in coastal Adelie Land, Antarctica: three atmospheric-moisture issues, The Cryosphere, 8, 1905?1919, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-1905-2014, 2014.
Bintanja, R.: On the glaciological, meteorological, and climatological significance of Antarctic blue ice areas, Rev. Geophys., 37, 337?359, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999RG900007, 1999.
Bintanja, R.: Snowdrift suspension and atmospheric turbulence. Part I: Theoretical background and model description, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 95, 343?368, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002676804487, 2000.
Bintanja, R.: Snowdrift Sublimation in a Katabatic Wind Region of the Antarctic Ice Sheet, J. Appl. Meteorol., 40, 1952?1966, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520- 0450(2001)040 1952:SSIAKW 2.0.CO;2, 2001.
Bintanja, R. and Reijmer, C. H.: A simple parameterization for snowdrift sublimation over Antarctic snow surfaces, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106, 31739?31748, 2001.
Brun, E., David, P., Sudul, M., and Brunot, G.: A numerical model to simulate snow-cover stratigraphy for operational avalanche forecasting, J. Glaciol., 38, 13?22, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000009552, 1992.
Breant, C., Leroy Dos Santos, C., Agosta, C., Casado, M., Fourre, E., Goursaud, S., Masson-Delmotte, V., Favier, V., Cattani, O., Prie, F., Golly, B., Orsi, A., Martinerie, P., and Landais, A.: Coastal water vapor isotopic composition driven by katabatic wind variability in summer at Dumont d?Urville, coastal East Antarctica, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 514, 37?47, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.03.004, 2019.
Cierco, F.-X., Naaim-Bouvet, F., and Bellot, H.: Acoustic sensors for snowdrift measurements: How should they be used for research purposes?, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 49, 74?87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2007.01.002, 2007.
De Ridder, K. and Gallee, H.: Land Surface?Induced Regional Climate Change in Southern Israel, J. Appl. Meteorol., 37, 1470?1485, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520- 0450(1998)037 1470:LSIRCC 2.0.CO;2, 1998.
Delhasse, A., Kittel, C., Amory, C., Hofer, S., van As, D., S. Fausto, R., and Fettweis, X.: Brief communication: Evaluation of the near-surface climate in ERA5 over the Greenland Ice Sheet, The Cryosphere, 14, 957?965, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc- 14-957-2020, 2020.
Dery, S. J., Taylor, P. A., and Xiao, J.: The thermodynamic effects of sublimating, blowing snow in the atmospheric boundary layer, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 89, 251?283, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1001712111718, 1998.
Ebert, E. E. and Curry, J. A.: A parameterization of ice cloud optical properties for climate models, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 97, 3831?3836, https://doi.org/10.1029/91JD02472, 1992.
Edwards, T. L., Brandon, M. A., Durand, G., Edwards, N. R., Golledge, N. R., Holden, P. B., Nias, I. J., Payne, A. J., Ritz, C., and Wernecke, A.: Revisiting Antarctic ice loss due to marine ice-cliff instability, Nature, 566, 58?64, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-0901-4, 2019.
Favier, V., Agosta, C., Genthon, C., Arnaud, L., Trouvillez, A., and Gallee, H.: Modeling the mass and surface heat budgets in a coastal blue ice area of Adelie Land, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res.-Ea. Surf., 116, F03017, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JF001939, 2011.
Favier, V., Krinner, G., Amory, C., Gallee, H., Beaumet, J., and Agosta, C.: Antarctica-regional climate and surface mass budget, Curr. Clim. Change Rep., 3, 303?315, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-017-0072-z, 2017.
Fettweis, X., Box, J. E., Agosta, C., Amory, C., Kittel, C., Lang, C., van As, D., Machguth, H., and Gallee, H.: Reconstructions of the 1900?2015 Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance using the regional climate MAR model, The Cryosphere, 11, 1015?1033, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1015-2017, 2017.
Fettweis, X., Hofer, S., Krebs-Kanzow, U., Amory, C., Aoki, T., Berends, C. J., Born, A., Box, J. E., Delhasse, A., Fujita, K., Gierz, P., Goelzer, H., Hanna, E., Hashimoto, A., Huybrechts, P., Kapsch, M.-L., King, M. D., Kittel, C., Lang, C., Langen, P. L., Lenaerts, J. T. M., Liston, G. E., Lohmann, G., Mernild, S. H., Mikolajewicz, U., Modali, K., Mottram, R. H., Niwano, M., No?l, B., Ryan, J. C., Smith, A., Streffing, J., Tedesco, M., van de Berg, W. J., van den Broeke, M., van de Wal, R. S. W., van Kampenhout, L., Wilton, D., Wouters, B., Ziemen, F., and Zolles, T.: GrSMBMIP: intercomparison of the modelled 1980? 2012 surface mass balance over the Greenland Ice Sheet, The Cryosphere, 14, 3935?3958, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3935- 2020, 2020.
Gallee, H.: Simulation of the mesocyclonic activity in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, Mon. Weather Rev., 123, 2051?2069, 1995.
Gallee, H. and Gorodetskaya, I. V.: Validation of a limited area model over Dome C, Antarctic Plateau, during winter, Clim. Dynam., 34, 61, https://doi.org/10.1007/S00382-008-0499-Y, 2010.
Gallee, H., Guyomarc?h, G., and Brun, E.: Impact of snow drift on the Antarctic ice sheet surface mass balance: possible sensitivity to snow-surface properties, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 99, 1?19, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018776422809, 2001.
Gallee, H.: Simulation of blowing snow over the antarctic ice sheet, Ann. Glaciol., 26, 203?206, https://doi.org/10.3189/1998AoG26-1-203-206, 1998.
Gallee, H. and Duynkerke, P. G.: Air-snow interactions and the surface energy and mass balance over the melting zone of west Greenland during the Greenland Ice Margin Experiment, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 102, 13813?13824, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD03358, 1997.
Gallee, H. and Schayes, G.: Development of a Three-Dimensional Meso- Primitive Equation Model: Katabatic Winds Simulation in the Area of Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica, Mon. Weather Rev., 122, 671?685, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520- 0493(1994)122 0671:DOATDM 2.0.CO;2, 1994.
Gallee, H., Peyaud, V., and Goodwin, I.: Simulation of the net snow accumulation along the Wilkes Land transect, Antarctica, with a regional climate model, Ann. Glaciol., 41, 17?22, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756405781813230, 2005.
Gallee, H., Trouvilliez, A., Agosta, C., Genthon, C., Favier, V., and Naaim-Bouvet, F.: Transport of Snow by the Wind: A Comparison Between Observations in Adelie Land, Antarctica, and Simulations Made with the Regional Climate Model MAR, Bound.- Lay. Meteorol., 146, 133?147, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546- 012-9764-z, 2013.
Goff, J. A. and Gratch, S.: Thermodynamic properties of moist air, Trans. ASHVE, 51, 125, 1945.
Gossart, A., Souverijns, N., Gorodetskaya, I. V., Lhermitte, S., Lenaerts, J. T. M., Schween, J. H., Mangold, A., Laffineur, Q., and van Lipzig, N. P. M.: Blowing snow detection from ground-based ceilometers: application to East Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 11, 2755?2772, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2755- 2017, 2017.
Grazioli, J., Genthon, C., Boudevillain, B., Duran-Alarcon, C., Del Guasta, M., Madeleine, J.-B., and Berne, A.: Measurements of precipitation in Dumont d?Urville, Adelie Land, East Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 11, 1797?1811, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11- 1797-2017, 2017.
Hanna, E., Pattyn, F., Navarro, F., Favier, V., Goelzer, H., van den Broeke, M. R., Vizcaino, M., Whitehouse, P. L., Ritz, C., Bulthuis, K., and Smith, B.: Mass balance of the ice sheets and glaciers ? Progress since AR5 and challenges, Earth-Sci. Rev., 201, 102976, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.102976, 2020.
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Hirahara, S., Hor?nyi, A., Munoz-Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Abdalla, S., Abellan, X., Balsamo, G., Bechtold, P., Biavati, G., Bidlot, J., Bonavita, M., De Chiara, G., Dahlgren, P., Dee, D., Diamantakis, M., Dragani, R., Flemming, J., Forbes, R., Fuentes, M., Geer, A., Haimberger, L., Healy, S., Hogan, R. J., H?lm, E., Janiskov?, M., Keeley, S., Laloyaux, P., Lopez, P., Lupu, C., Radnoti, G., de Rosnay, P., Rozum, I., Vamborg, F., Villaume, S., and Thepaut, J.-N.: The ERA5 global reanalysis, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 146, 1999? 2049, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803, 2020.
Hofer, S., Tedstone, A. J., Fettweis, X., and Bamber, J. L.: Decreasing cloud cover drives the recent mass loss on the Greenland Ice Sheet, Sci. Adv., 3, e1700584, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700584, 2017.
Hofer, S., Tedstone, A. J., Fettweis, X., and Bamber, J. L.: Cloud microphysics and circulation anomalies control differences in future Greenland melt, Nat. Clim. Change, 9, 523?528, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0507-8, 2019.
King, J., Anderson, P., Smith, M., and Mobbs, S.: The surface energy and mass balance at Halley, Antarctica during winter, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 101, 19119?19128, 1996.
King, J., Anderson, P., and Mann, G.: The seasonal cycle of sublimation at Halley, Antarctica, J. Glaciol., 47, 1?8, 2001.
Kittel, C., Amory, C., Agosta, C., Delhasse, A., Doutreloup, S., Huot, P.-V., Wyard, C., Fichefet, T., and Fettweis, X.: Sensitivity of the current Antarctic surface mass balance to sea surface conditions using MAR, The Cryosphere, 12, 3827?3839, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3827-2018, 2018.
Kittel, C., Amory, C., Agosta, C., Jourdain, N. C., Hofer, S., Delhasse, A., Doutreloup, S., Huot, P.-V., Lang, C., Fichefet, T., and Fettweis, X.: Diverging future surface mass balance between the Antarctic ice shelves and grounded ice sheet, The Cryosphere, 15, 1215?1236, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1215-2021, 2021.
Kodama, Y., Wendler, G., and Gosink, J.: The Effect of Blowing Snow on KatabaticWinds in Antarctica, Ann. Glaciol., 6, 59?62, https://doi.org/10.3189/1985AoG6-1-59-62, 1985.
Landais, A., Casado, M., Prie, F., Magand, O., Arnaud, L., Ekaykin, A., Petit, J.-R., Picard, G., Fily, M., Minster, B., Touzeau, A., Goursaud, S., Masson-Delmotte, V., Jouzel, J., and Orsi, A.: Surface studies of water isotopes in Antarctica for quantitative interpretation of deep ice core data, C. R. Geosci., 349, 139?150, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2017.05.003, 2017.
Lenaerts, J. T. M. and van den Broeke, M. R.: Modeling drifting snow in Antarctica with a regional climate model: 2. Results, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D05109, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015419, 2012.
Lesins, G., Bourdages, L., Duck, T. J., Drummond, J. R., Eloranta, E. W., and Walden, V. P.: Large surface radiative forcing from topographic blowing snow residuals measured in the High Arctic at Eureka, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1847?1862, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-1847-2009, 2009.
Lin, Y.-L., Farley, R. D., and Orville, H. D.: Bulk Parameterization of the Snow Field in a Cloud Model, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 22, 1065?1092, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520- 0450(1983)022 1065:BPOTSF 2.0.CO;2, 1983.
Locatelli, J. D. and Hobbs, P. V.: Fall speeds and masses of solid precipitation particles, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 2185?2197, 1974.
Mahesh, A., Eager, R., Campbell, J. R., and Spinhirne, J. D.: Observations of blowing snow at the South Pole, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 4707, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003327, 2003.
Mann, G. W., Anderson, P. S., and Mobbs, S. D.: Profile measurements of blowing snow at Halley, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 24491?24508, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900247, 2000.
Morcrette, J.-J.: Assessment of the ECMWF Model Cloudiness and Surface Radiation Fields at the ARM SGP Site, Mon.Weather Rev., 130, 257?277, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520- 0493(2002)130 0257:AOTEMC 2.0.CO;2, 2002.
Mottram, R., Hansen, N., Kittel, C., van Wessem, M., Agosta, C., Amory, C., Boberg, F., van de Berg, W. J., Fettweis, X., Gossart, A., van Lipzig, N. P. M., van Meijgaard, E., Orr, A., Phillips, T., Webster, S., Simonsen, S. B., and Souverijns, N.: What is the Surface Mass Balance of Antarctica? An Intercomparison of Regional Climate Model Estimates, The Cryosphere Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2019-333, in review, 2020.
Naaim-Bouvet, F., Guyomarc?H, G., Bellot, H., Durand, Y., Naaim,M., Vionnet, V., Genthon, C., Nishimura, K., Ito, Y., and Prokop, A.: Lac Blanc Pass: a natural wind-tunnel for studying drift-ing snow at 2700m a.s.l., in: International Snow Science Work-shop (ISSW), 1332, Irstea, French Association for Snow and Avalanche Study, Meteo France, Grenoble ? Chamonix Mont-Blanc, October 2013.
Palm, S. P., Yang, Y., Spinhirne, J. D., and Marshak, A.: Satellite remote sensing of blowing snow properties over Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, D16123, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD015828, 2011.
Palm, S. P., Kayetha, V., Yang, Y., and Pauly, R.: Blowing snow sublimation and transport over Antarctica from 11 years of CALIPSO observations, The Cryosphere, 11, 2555?2569, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2555-2017, 2017.
Palm, S. P., Kayetha, V., and Yang, Y.: Toward a Satellite- Derived Climatology of Blowing Snow Over Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 10301?10313, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD028632, 2018.
Scarchilli, C., Frezzotti, M., Grigioni, P., De Silvestri, L., Agnoletto, L., and Dolci, S.: Extraordinary blowing snow transport events in East Antarctica, Clim. Dynam., 34, 1195?1206, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-009-0601-0, 2010.
Schmidt, R.: Vertical profiles of wind speed, snow concentration, and humidity in blowing snow, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 23, 223? 246, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00123299, 1982.
Shepherd, A., Ivins, E., Rignot, E., Smith, B., Van Den Broeke, M.,Velicogna, I., Whitehouse, P., Briggs, K., Joughin, I., Krinner, G., Nowicki, S., Payne, T., Scambos, T., Schlegel, N., A, G., Agosta, C., Ahlstr?m, A., Babonis, G., Barletta, V., Blazquez, A., Bonin, J., Csatho, B., Cullather, R., Felikson, D., Fettweis, X., Forsberg, R., Gallee, H., Gardner, A., Gilbert, L. Groh, A., Gunter, B., Hanna, E., Harig, C., Helm, V., Horvath, A., Horwath M., Khan, S., Kjeldsen, K., Konrad, H., Langen P., Lecavalier, B., Loomis, B., Luthcke, S., McMilla? M., Melini, D., Mernild, S., Mohajerani, Y., Moore, P., Mouginot, J., Moyano, G., Muir, A., Nagler, T., Nield, G., Nilsson, J., Noel, B., Otosaka, I., Pattle, M., Peltier, R., Pie, N., Rietbroek R., Rott, H., Sandberg-S?rensen, L., Sasgen, I., Save, H., Scheuchl, B., Schrama, E., Schr?der, L., Seo, K.-W., Simonsen, S., Slater, T., Spada, G., Sutterley, T., Talpe M., Tarasov, L., van den Berg, W., van der Wal, W., van Wessem, M., Vishwakarma, B., Wiese, D., and Wouters, B: Mass balance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2017, Nature, 558, 219?222, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0179-y, 2018.
Taylor, K. E.: Summarizing multiple aspects of model performance in a single diagram, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106, 7183?7192, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900719, 2001.
Town, M. S.,Walden, V. P., andWarren, S. G.: Cloud Cover over the South Pole from Visual Observations, Satellite Retrievals, and Surface-Based Infrared Radiation Measurements, J. Climate, 20, 544?559, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI4005.1, 2007.
Trouvilliez, A., Naaim-Bouvet, F., Genthon, C., Piard, L., Favier, V., Bellot, H., Agosta, C., Palerme, C., Amory, C., and Gallee, H.: A novel experimental study of aeolian snow transport in Adelie Land (Antarctica), Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 108, 125? 138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2014.09.005, 2014.
Trouvilliez, A., Naaim-Bouvet, F., Bellot, H., Genthon, C., and Gallee, H.: Evaluation of the FlowCapt Acoustic Sensor for the Aeolian Transport of Snow, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 32, 1630?1641, https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00104.1, 2015.
Uppala, S. M., K?llberg, P. W., Simmons, A. J., Andrae, U., Da Costa Bechtold, V., Fiorino, M., Gibson, J.K., Haseler, J., Hernandez, A., Kelly, G. A., Li, X., Onogi, K., Saarinen, S., Sokka, N., Allan, R. P., Anderson, E., Arpe, K., Balmaseda, M. A., Beljaars, A. C. M., Van De Berg, L., Bidlot, J., Bormann, N., Caires, S., Chevallier, F., Dethof, A., Dragosavac, M., Fisher, M., Fuentes, M., Hagemann, S., H?lm, E., Hoskins, B. J., Isaksen, L., Janssen, P. A. E. M., Jenne, R., Mcnally, A. P., Mahfouf, J.-F., Morcrette, J.-J., Rayner, N. A., Saunders, R.W., Simon, P., Sterl, A., Trenbreth, K. E., Untch, A., Vasiljevic, D., Viterbo, P., and Woollen, J.: The ERA-40 re-analysis, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 2961?3012, https://doi.org/10.1256/qj.04.176, 2005.
Van den Broeke, M. and Van Lipzig, N.: Factors controlling the near-surface wind field in Antarctica, Mon. Weather Rev., 131, 733?743, 2003.
van den Broeke, M., van de Berg, W. J., van Meijgaard, E., and Reijmer, C.: Identification of Antarctic ablation areas using a regional atmospheric climate model, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D18110, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007127, 2006.
vanWessem, J. M., van de Berg,W. J., No?l, B. P. Y., van Meijgaard, E., Amory, C., Birnbaum, G., Jakobs, C. L., Kr?ger, K., Lenaerts, J. T. M., Lhermitte, S., Ligtenberg, S. R. M., Medley, B., Reijmer, C. H., van Tricht, K., Trusel, L. D., van Ulft, L. H., Wouters, B., Wuite, J., and van den Broeke, M. R.: Modelling the climate and surface mass balance of polar ice sheets using RACMO2 ? Part 2: Antarctica (1979?2016), The Cryosphere, 12, 1479?1498, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1479-2018, 2018.
Vignon, E., Genthon, C., Barral, H., Amory, C., Picard, G., Gallee, H., Casasanta, G., and Argentini, S.: Momentum-and heatflux parametrization at Dome C, Antarctica: A sensitivity study, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 162, 341?367, 2017.
Yamanouchi, T. and Kawaguchi, S.: Longwave radiation balance under a strong surface inversion in the Katabatic Wind Zone, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 89, 11771?11778, https://doi.org/10.1029/JD089iD07p11771, 1984.
Yang, Y., Palm, S. P., Marshak, A., Wu, D. L., Yu, H., and Fu, Q.: First satellite-detected perturbations of outgoing longwave radiation associated with blowing snow events over Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 730?735, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058932, 2014
