The Moroccan Anti-Atlas ophiolites: Timing and melting processes in an intra-oceanic arc-back-arc environment

Hodel, F.; Triantafyllou, Antoine; Berger, J.; Macouin, M.; Baele, J.-M.; Mattielli, N.; Monnier, C.; Trindade, R. I. F.; Ducea, M. N.; Chatir, A.; Ennih, N.; Langlade, J.; Poujol, M.

doi:10.1016/j.gr.2020.05.014

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The Moroccan Anti-Atlas ophiolites: Timing and melting processes in an intra-oceanic arc-back-arc environment

Hodel, F.; Triantafyllou, Antoine; Berger, J. et al.

2020 • In Gondwana Research, 86, p. 182-202

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10.1016/j.gr.2020.05.014

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Keywords :

Back-arc; Neoproterozoic; Ophiolite; Serpentinite; SSZ; U-Pb dating; West African Craton

Abstract :

[en] The Moroccan Anti-Atlas orogenic belt encloses several Precambrian inliers comprising two major Neoproterozoic ophiolitic complexes: the Sirwa and Bou Azzer ophiolites. These ophiolites expose crustal and mantle units, thrusting over fragments of a long-lived intra-oceanic arc system. We present a detailed geochronological and petro-geochemical study of three mafic/ultramafic units of these two ophiolites: the Khzama sequence (Sirwa ophiolite) and the Northern and Southern Aït Ahmane sequences (Bou Azzer ophiolite). The crystallization of layered metagabbros from the Bou Azzer ophiolite (North Aït Ahmane sequence) has been dated here at 759 ± 2 Ma (U-Pb on zircons). This new age for the Bou Azzer ophiolite is similar to the formation of the Sirwa ophiolite (762 Ma) and suggests that both units formed during the same spreading event. Metabasalts of the three units show tholeiitic signature but with variable subduction-related imprints marked by LILE enrichments, HFSE depletions and variable Ti contents, similar to modern back-arc basin basalts (BABB). Their back-arc origin is also supported by the geochemical signature of ultramafic units showing very low contents in major and trace incompatible elements (Al2O3: 0.12–1.53 wt%, Ti: 3.5–64.2 ppm and Nb: 0.004–0.10 ppm), attesting of a highly refractory protolith. This is in agreement with the high Cr# (0.44–0.81) and low to intermediate Mg# (0.25–0.73) of their constitutive Cr-spinels. Dynamic melting models suggest that these serpentinites experienced intense and polyphased hydrous melting events, strongly influenced by supra-subduction zone SSZ-fluid influx and subduction-related melt percolation. Being particularly affected by these SSZ-melt/rock interactions and closer to arc units to the south, the Sirwa ophiolite and the South Aït Ahmane unit of the Bou Azzer ophiolite likely represent an early stage of the arc-back-arc system, which has been more influenced by the magmatic products of the arc activity compared to the North Aït Ahmane unit of the Bou Azzer ophiolite. © 2020 International Association for Gondwana Research

Disciplines :

Earth sciences & physical geography

Author, co-author :

Hodel, F.; Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire de Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, IRD, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 14, Avenue Edouard Belin, Toulouse, 31400, France

Triantafyllou, Antoine ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de géologie > Pétrologie, géochimie endogènes et pétrophysique

Berger, J.; Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire de Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, IRD, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 14, Avenue Edouard Belin, Toulouse, 31400, France

Macouin, M.; Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire de Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, IRD, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 14, Avenue Edouard Belin, Toulouse, 31400, France

Baele, J.-M.; Geology and Applied Geology Unit – Mining Geology, Université de Mons, 20, Place du ParcB-7000, Belgium

Mattielli, N.; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences – G-Time Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, Brussels, 1050, Belgium

Monnier, C.; Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique – Nantes (LPGN), UFR Sciences et Techniques, université de Nantes, UMR-CNRS 6112, France

Trindade, R. I. F.; Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universitad de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil

Ducea, M. N.; Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

Chatir, A.; EGGPG, Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Chouaïb Doukkali, El Jadida, 24000, Morocco

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Language :

English

Title :

The Moroccan Anti-Atlas ophiolites: Timing and melting processes in an intra-oceanic arc-back-arc environment

Publication date :

2020

Journal title :

Gondwana Research

ISSN :

1342-937X

eISSN :

1878-0571

Publisher :

International Association for Godwana Research, Japan

Volume :

Pages :

182-202

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