Opisthorchis felineus infection, risks, and morbidity in rural Western Siberia, Russian Federation

Article; Russian Federation; Opisthorchis; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Bile Ducts; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Fishes; Humans; Liver; Male; Middle Aged; Morbidity; Multivariate Analysis; Opisthorchiasis; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Rural Population; Siberia; Ultrasonography; Young Adult

Abstract :

[en] Background The liver fluke, Opisthorchis felineus, is widely distributed throughout Europe and large parts of the Russian Federation. In Western Siberia, information about opisthorchiasis is lacking although infection may lead to severe liver and bile duct diseases. We aimed to assess the current prevalence of O. felineus infection along with associated risk factors and morbidity in rural Western Siberia. Methods We conducted a community-based, cross-sectional study in the rural Shegarskiy district, Tomsk Oblast, Russian Federation. All household members (≥ 7 years) present on the survey day were enrolled (n = 600). Two stool samples per person were examined for helminth eggs, using PARASEP (DiaSys Ltd, UK). The number of eggs per gram (EPG) of feces was recorded. Each study participant was interviewed to determine risk factors, using a pretested questionnaire. An abdominal ultrasonography examination of liver and bile ducts was performed with a mobile, high resolution ultrasound device. In total, 488 persons completed assessments (two stool samples, completed questionnaires); of those, 436 individuals had an US examination. Results We observed a prevalence of O. felineus infection of 60.2%. Significant risk factors for infection were the consumption of river fish (odds ratio [OR] 2.4, 95% CI 1.52–3.95, p<0.001), particularly stock fish (OR from multivariable analysis [mOR] 3.2, 95% CI 2.63–3.80, p<0.001), smoked fish (mOR 1.5, 95% CI 1.24–1.72, p<0.001), frozen fish (mOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.29–2.02, p<0.001), and raw fish (mOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.05–1.84, p = 0.022); and fishing activities (mOR 1.2, 95% CI 1.03–1.43, p = 0.019). Women had a higher risk of infection than men. Infection was associated positively with age and negatively with socio-economic status. The respondents’ general awareness of opisthorchiasis was quite high (93.2%), but their knowledge about infection transmission and prevention was insufficient. Children aged 7–18 years old had a lower level of awareness compared to adults. The abdominal ultrasonography results demonstrated a strong association between O. felineus infection and gallbladder stones (mOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.33–6.04, p = 0.007) and periductal fibrosis of intrahepatic bile ducts (mOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.08–3.46, p = 0.026). Conclusion O. felineus infection is highly prevalent in rural regions of Western Siberia, and associated with severe hepatobiliary pathology. Identified risk factors will be used to develop a compre-hensive targeted O. felineus infection control program. © 2020 Fedorova et al.

Disciplines :

Immunology & infectious disease

Author, co-author :

Fedorova, O. S.; Department of Faculty Pediatrics, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation

Fedotova, M. M.; Department of Faculty Pediatrics, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation

Zvonareva, O. I.; Department of Health, Ethics and Society, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands, Central Research laboratory, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation

Mazeina, S. V.; Shegarskiy Regional Hospital, Tomsk Oblast, Russian Federation

Kovshirina, Y. V.; Department of Infectious diseases and Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation

Sokolova, T. S.; Department of Faculty Pediatrics, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation

Golovach, E. A.; Department of Faculty Pediatrics, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation

Kovshirina, A. E.; Department of Faculty Pediatrics, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation

Konovalova, U. V.; Department of Faculty Pediatrics, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation

Kolomeets, I. L.; Department of Faculty Pediatrics, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russian Federation

More authors (5 more)

Language :

English

Title :

Opisthorchis felineus infection, risks, and morbidity in rural Western Siberia, Russian Federation

Publication date :

2020

Journal title :

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases

ISSN :

1935-2727

eISSN :

1935-2735

Publisher :

Public Library of Science

Volume :

Issue :

Pages :

1-24

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Funders :

RFBR - Russian Foundation for Basic Research [RU]
RSF - Russian Science Foundation [RU]

Funding number :

Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR: N16-44-700148; Russian Science Foundation, RSF: N14-15-00247

Available on ORBi :

since 27 May 2021

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