[fr] Description du sujet. En Europe, le traitement thermique des essences de bois indigènes devient progressivement uneréalité industrielle. Il offre une alternative prometteuse à la fois à l’utilisation de bois naturellement durables, essentiellement tropicaux, et à l’utilisation de traitements chimiques de préservation à base de biocides.
Objectifs. L’objectif de cette étude est de quantifier l’effet du traitement thermique sur les propriétés physico-mécaniques et de durabilité fongique de trois essences de feuillus indigènes (chêne, frêne, hêtre + hêtre étuvé).
Méthode. Le bois a été traité thermiquement selon le procédé Besson®. Les essais physiques et mécaniques standards, notamment la dureté, le module d’élasticité en flexion statique, les contraintes de rupture en flexion statique, en compression axiale, en flexion dynamique et le fendage, ont été effectués sur 15 échantillons traités et 15 échantillons témoins associés. Le
test de durabilité standard vis-à-vis des champignons lignivores a permis d’exposer 60 échantillons traités et 60 échantillons témoins à chaque champignon.
Résultats. Les résultats montrent une diminution de l’humidité d’équilibre et une augmentation de la stabilité dimensionnelle du bois traité thermiquement pour les trois espèces étudiées. Le module d’élasticité, la dureté et la résistance à la compression axiale augmentent légèrement après le traitement thermique, tandis que la résistance à la flexion statique, la résilience, ainsi
que la résistance au fendage peuvent considérablement diminuer. La durabilité fongique du bois de coeur de chêne et du frêne a augmenté jusqu’à la classe 1, le hêtre et le hêtre étuvé jusqu’à la classe 3. Conclusions. L’approche globale de cette étude permet une caractérisation assez complète et précise des propriétés technologiques de trois espèces feuillues indigènes après traitement thermique. De nouvelles utilisations de ces espèces indigènes peuvent ainsi être explorées. [en] Description of the subject. In Europe, the heat treatment of native wood species is gradually becoming an industrial reality. It provides a promising alternative to both the use of naturally durable, essentially tropical woods and the use of chemical preservative treatments based on biocides.
Objectives. The aim of this study is to quantify the effect of heat treatment on the physico-mechanical and decay resistance properties of three native hardwood species (oak, ash, beech + steamed beech).
Method. The wood was heat-treated in accordance with the Besson® process. The standard physical and mechanical tests including hardness, modulus of elasticity in static bending, static bending, axial compression, splitting and impact bending strengths, have been performed on 15 treated and 15 control associated samples for each species. The standard durability test
on fungi exposed 60 treated and 60 control samples to each fungus.
Results. The results show a decrease in the equilibrium moisture content and an increase in dimensional stability of heattreated wood for the three species studied. The modulus of elasticity, hardness and axial compression strength increase slightly after the heat treatment, while static and impact bending strength and splitting strength may considerably decrease. The fungal durability of oak heartwood and ash increased until class 1, beech and steamed beech until class 3.
Conclusions. The global approach of this study allows a complete and precise characterization of the technological properties of three native hardwood species after heat treatment. New uses of these native species can thus be explored.
Research Center/Unit :
Laboratoire de Technologie du Bois
Disciplines :
Materials science & engineering
Author, co-author :
Ninane, Maxime
Pollet, Caroline
Hebert, Jacques ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Département GxABT
Jourez, Benoît ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Gestion des ressources forestières et des milieux naturels
Language :
English
Title :
Physical, mechanical, and decay resistance properties of heat-treated wood by Besson® process of three European hardwood species
Alternative titles :
[fr] Propriétés physiques, mécaniques et de durabilité fongique du bois traité thermiquement selon le procédé Besson® de trois espèces feuillues européennes
Publication date :
19 May 2021
Journal title :
Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement
ISSN :
1370-6233
eISSN :
1780-4507
Publisher :
Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux, Gembloux, Belgium
Volume :
25
Issue :
2
Pages :
129-139
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Funders :
Service public de Wallonie. Secrétariat général - SPW-SG ULiège. GxABT - Liège Université. Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech
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