Chronic and Early Antiretroviral Therapy Impact Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Serological Assay Sensitivity, Leading to More False-Negative Test Results in HIV Diagnosis
HIV; HIV Diagnosis; HIV confirmatory assays; HIV rapid tests
Abstract :
[en] This retrospective study evaluated the reactivity of 3 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) confirmatory assays (INNO-LIA, Geenius, and MP) and 7 HIV rapid tests on samples from 2 different study populations in Belgium. For the early-treated cohort (83 HIV-1 adult patients treated within 3 months after infection), HIV-1 diagnosis was not obtained in at least 1 confirmatory assay in 12.0% (10/83) and in an HIV rapid test in 31.3% (26/83). Confirmation assay sensitivities ranged from 87.5% to 95.2%, whereas rapid test assay sensitivities ranged from 75.9% to 100%. The time to treatment initiation or the length of time on treatment did not have a statistical influence on the probability to obtain a false-negative test result. The fastest reversion was demonstrated after 4 months of treatment. Among the long-term treated cohort (390 HIV-1 patients with ≥ 9 years of undetectable viral load), false-negative test results were found in at least 1 HIV confirmatory assay for 2.1% (8/390) of the patients and in a HIV rapid test for 4.9% (19/390). Confirmation assay sensitivities ranged from 98.1% to 99.5%, whereas rapid test sensitivities ranged from 96.2% to 100%. Longer treatment increased nonreactivity of the HIV rapid tests (P = .033). Undetectable viral load decreases the sensitivities of HIV diagnostic tests, and further monitoring of the performance of serological assays is advised.
Disciplines :
Immunology & infectious disease
Author, co-author :
Stoffels, Karolien; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire St Pierre, Brussels, Belgium > AIDS Reference Laboratory
Vanroye, Fien; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium > Department of Clinical Sciences > HIV/STD Reference Laboratory, Clinical Virology Unit
Mortier, Virginie; Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium > Department of Diagnostic Sciences > AIDS Reference Laboratory
Debaisieux, Laurent; Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium > AIDS Reference Laboratory
Delforge, Marie-Luce
Depypere, Melissa; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium > AIDS Reference Laboratory
Dessilly, Géraldine; Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium > Medical Microbiology Unit > AIDS Reference Laboratory
VAIRA, Dolorès ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > Unilab > Unité de laboratoire - LRS Biomol
Van Den Wijngaert, Sigi; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire St Pierre, Brussels, Belgium > AIDS Reference Laboratory
Van Laethem, Kristel; AIDS Reference Laboratory, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ; Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Vercauteren, Koen O A; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium > Department of Clinical Sciences > HIV/STD Reference Laboratory, Clinical Virology Unit
Verhofstede, Chris; Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium > Department of Diagnostic Sciences > AIDS Reference Laboratory
Fransen, Katrien; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium > Department of Clinical Sciences > HIV/STD Reference Laboratory, Clinical Virology Unit
Chronic and Early Antiretroviral Therapy Impact Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Serological Assay Sensitivity, Leading to More False-Negative Test Results in HIV Diagnosis
Publication date :
20 May 2020
Journal title :
Journal of Infectious Diseases
ISSN :
0022-1899
eISSN :
1537-6613
Publisher :
University of Chicago Press, United States - Illinois
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