Geoarchaeology of the Roman port-city of Ostia: Fluvio-coastal mobility, urban development and resilience

Geoarchaeology; Ostia; Palaeoenvironmental analysis; Resilience; River Tiber; Roman city; Tiber delta; Urban fabric; Italy; Lazio; Roma [Lazio]; Tiber River

Abstract :

[en] Ostia is one of the most extensively excavated cities of the Roman period. The port-city of Rome, which today lies 4 km from the coastline, was established in a very constrained environment at the mouth of the River Tiber. Based on a review of the geoarchaeological and archaeological research at Ostia, 4 new cores analysed through palaeoenvionmental methods, and 21 new radiocarbon dates, we propose a new model of the fluvio-coastal landscape of Ostia from its origin: (1) the coastline shifted rapidly westward between the 8th and the 6th c. BCE followed by a slow progradation and possible erosion phases until the end of the 1st c. CE; (2) the castrum of Ostia (c. late 4th–early 3rd c. BCE) was founded away from the river mouth but close to the River Tiber; (3) between the 4th and the 1st c. BCE, the River Tiber shifted from a position next to the castrum, below the northern Imperial cardo of Ostia, to 150 m to the north; (4) a possible harbour was established to the north of the castrum during the Republican period; (5) the city expanded and a district was built over the harbour and the palaeochannel between the Republican period and the beginning of the 2nd c. CE, showing that Ostia was a dynamic and resilient city during that time. Finally, we suggest the possibility to combine urban fabric analysis (the orientation of the structures) and palaeoenvironmental analysis for reconstructing the evolution of the city in relation to the fluvio-coastal mobility. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.

Disciplines :

Archaeology

Author, co-author :

Salomon, F.; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Géographie et d'Aménagement, Laboratoire Image Ville Environnement UMR 7362, 3 rue de l'Argonne, Strasbourg cedex, 67083, France, University of Southampton, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, Avenue Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BF, United Kingdom

Goiran, J.-P.; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5133-Archéorient, MOM, 7 rue Raulin, Lyon, 69007, France

Noirot, B.; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5133-Archéorient, MOM, 7 rue Raulin, Lyon, 69007, France

Pleuger, Elisa ; Université de Liège - ULiège

Bukowiecki, E.; Ecole française de Rome, Piazza Farnese 67, Roma, 00186, Italy

Mazzini, I.; IGAG CNR, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Italy

Carbonel, P.; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5508-EPOC, 16, rue de Mégret, Talence, F-33400, France

Gadhoum, A.; Institut National du Patrimoine de Tunisie (INP), Département d'archéologie sous-marine, 04, place du château, Tunis, 1008, Tunisia

Arnaud, P.; Université Lumière Lyon 2, UMR 5189 - HiSoMA, 5, Avenue Pierre Mendes-France, Bron Cedex, 69676, France

Keay, S.; University of Southampton, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, Avenue Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BF, United Kingdom

More authors (7 more)

Language :

English

Title :

Geoarchaeology of the Roman port-city of Ostia: Fluvio-coastal mobility, urban development and resilience

Publication date :

February 2018

Journal title :

Earth-Science Reviews

ISSN :

0012-8252

eISSN :

1872-6828

Publisher :

Elsevier, Netherlands

Volume :

177

Pages :

265-283

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

European Projects :

FP7 - 339123 - ROMP - Rome's Mediterranean Ports

Funders :

ANR - Agence Nationale de la Recherche
EFR - Ecole Française de Rome
BSR - British School at Rome
IUF - Institut Universitaire de France
EU - European Union

Funding text :

We gratefully acknowledge the financial and logistical support of the École française de Rome and the British School at Rome, as well as the financial support from ANR-Poltevere (ANR-11-JSH3-0002), and a grant from the Institut Universitaire de France to Prof. Pascal Arnaud. The research leading to these results has also received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement n° 339123. We would like also to thanks Jean-Paul Bravard, Fausto Zevi, Carlo Pavolini and the anonymous reviewers for their useful comments and suggestions.

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