The downward spiral of mental disorders and educational attainment: A systematic review on early school leaving

Article; Anxiety Disorders; Mental Disorders; Substance-Related Disorders; Adolescent; Child; Educational Status; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Health; Schools; Student Dropouts

Abstract :

[en] Background: Most psychiatric disorders present symptom patterns that cause severe impairment on the emotional, cognitive and social level. Thus, adolescents who suffer from a mental disorder risk finding themselves in a downward spiral caused by the reciprocal association of psychological symptoms and negative school experiences that may culminate in early school leaving. In addition to previous collective work that mainly focused on school refusing behaviour among children and was presented as an expert's opinion, the following systematic review fills the knowledge gap by providing a structured overview of the bidirectional association between mental health and secondary school dropout based on a sound methodology and with a particular focus on mediating factors.Methods: Four electronic databases were searched from January 1990 until June 2014. Selected references were assessed for study details, main results, mediating factors and methodological limitations. Standardized risk of bias assessment was conducted. Results: Mood and anxiety disorders seemed to have a less consequential direct effect on early school leaving than substance use and disruptive behaviour disorders. The association between externalizing disorders and educational attainment was even stronger when the disorder occurred early in life. On the other hand, internalizing disorders were reported to develop as a consequence of school dropout. Only few studies had addressed gender differences, with discrepant results. Socio-economic background, academic achievement and family support were identified as significant mediating factors of the association between mental disorders and subsequent educational attainment. Conclusions: Findings suggested a strong association between mental health and education, in both directions. However, most studies focused on mediating factors that could not be targeted by intervention programs. © 2014 Esch et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Disciplines :

Psychiatry

Author, co-author :

Esch, P.; Centre for Health Studies, Centre de Recherche Public de la Sante´, Rue Thomas Edison 1 A-B, Strassen 1445, Luxembourg, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Lie`ge, Avenue de l'Hoˆpital 13, Lie`ge 4000, Belgium

Bocquet, V.; Competence Centre of Methodology and Statistics, Centre de Recherche Public de la Sante´, Rue Thomas Edison 1 A-B, Strassen 1445, Luxembourg

Pull, C.; Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Rue Ernest Barble´ 4, Luxembourg 1210, Luxembourg

Couffignal, S.; Centre for Health Studies, Centre de Recherche Public de la Sante´, Rue Thomas Edison 1 A-B, Strassen 1445, Luxembourg

Lehnert, T.; Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier du Kirchberg, Rue Edward Steichen 9, Luxembourg 2540, Luxembourg

Graas, M.; Centre Hospitalier Neuro-Psychiatrique, Avenue des Allie´s 17, Ettelbruck 9002, Luxembourg

Fond-Harmant, L.; Centre for Health Studies, Centre de Recherche Public de la Sante´, Rue Thomas Edison 1 A-B, Strassen 1445, Luxembourg

ANSSEAU, Marc ; Université de Liège - ULg

Language :

English

Title :

The downward spiral of mental disorders and educational attainment: A systematic review on early school leaving

Publication date :

2014

Journal title :

BMC Psychiatry

eISSN :

1471-244X

Publisher :

BioMed Central Ltd.

Volume :

Issue :

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Available on ORBi :

since 01 May 2021

Statistics

Number of views

46 (2 by ULiège)

Number of downloads

69 (2 by ULiège)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

214

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

214

OpenCitations

172

Bibliography

Berg I. Absence from school and mental health. Br J Psychiatry 1992, 161:154-166.
Rumberger RW. High school dropouts: a review of issues and evidence. Rev Educ Res 1987, 57(2):101-121.
Barclay JR, Doll B. Early prospective studies of the high school dropout. Sch Psychol Q 2001, 16(4):12.
Kaplan DS, Damphousse KR, Kaplan HB. Mental health implications of not graduating from high school. J Exp Educ 1994, 62(2):105-123.
Kessler RC, Foster CL, Saunders WB, Stang PE. Social consequences of psychiatric disorders. I: educational attainment. Am J Psychiatry 1995, 152(7):1026-1032.
Roeser RW, Eccles JS, Strobel KR. Linking the study of schooling and mental health: selected issues and empirical illustrations at. Educ Psychol 1998, 33(4):153-176.
Elliott JG. School refusal: issues of conceptualisation, assessment, and treatment. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1999, 40(7):1001-1012.
King NJ, Bernstein GA. School refusal in children and adolescents: a review of the past 10 years. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001, 40(2):197-205.
Kearney CA. School absenteeism and school refusal behavior in youth: a contemporary review. Clin Psychol Rev 2008, 28(3):451-471.
Miech RA, Caspi A, Moffitt TE, Wright BE, Silva PA. Low socioeconomic status and mental disorders: a longitudinal study of selection and causation during young adulthood. Am J Sociol 1999, 104(4):1096-1131.
Stoep AV, Weiss NS, Kuo ES, Cheney D, Cohen P. What proportion of failure to complete secondary school in the US population is attributable to adolescent psychiatric disorder?. J Behav Health Serv Res 2003, 30(1):119-124.
Fortin L, Royer E, Potvin P, Marcotte D, Yergeau E. La pre´diction du risque de de´crochage scolaire au secondaire: facteurs personnels, familiaux et scolaires. Canadian journal of Behavioural Science 2004, 36(3):219-231.
Stone S. Correlates of change in student reported parent involvement in schooling: a new look at the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988. Am J Orthopsychiatry 2006, 76(4):518-530.
Reschly AL, Christenson SL. Prediction of dropout among students with mild disabilities: a case for the inclusion of student engagement variables. Remedial Spec Educ 2006, 27(5):276-292.
McLeod JD, Uemura R, Rohrman S. Adolescent mental health, behavior problems, and academic achievement. J Health Soc Behav 2012, 53(4):482-497.
Prevatt F, Kelly FD. Dropping out of school: a review of intervention programs. J Sch Psychol 2003, 41(5):377-395.
Townsend L, Flisher AJ, King G. A systematic review of the relationship between high school dropout and substance use. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2007, 10(4):295-317.
Tinto V. Dropout from higher education: a theoretical synthesis of recent research. Rev Educ Res 1975, 45(1):88-125.
Jane´-Llopis E, Braddick F. Mental Health in Youth and Education. Consensus paper 2008, European Communities, Luxembourg.
Sanders JL. A distinct language and a historic pendulum: the evolution of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2011, 25(6):394-403.
Meader N, Mitchell AJ, Chew-Graham C, Goldberg D, Rizzo M, Bird V, Kessler D, Packham J, Haddad M, Pilling S. Case identification of depression in patients with chronic physical health problems: a diagnostic accuracy meta-analysis of 113 studies. Br J Gen Pract 2011, 61(593):e808-820.
Fournier ME, Levy S. Recent trends in adolescent substance use, primary care screening, and updates in treatment options. Curr Opin Pediatr 2006, 18(4):352-358.
Viswanathan M, Berkman ND, Dryden DM, Hartling L. Assessing Risk of Bias and Confounding in Observational Studies of Interventions or Exposures: Further Development of the RTI Item Bank. In Assessing Risk of Bias and Confounding in Observational Studies of Interventions or Exposures: Further Development of the RTI Item Bank 2013, Further Development of the RTI Item Bank, Rockville (MD).
Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, Olkin I, Williamson GD, Rennie D, Moher D, Becker BJ, Sipe TA, Thacker SB. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA 2000, 283(15):2008-2012.
Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. Ann Intern Med 2009, 151(4):264-269.
Legleye S, Obradovic I, Janssen E, Spilka S, Le Nezet O, Beck F. Influence of cannabis use trajectories, grade repetition and family background on the school-dropout rate at the age of 17 years in France. Eur J Public Health 2010, 20(2):157-163.
Benjet C, Borges G, Medina-Mora ME, Zambrano J, Aguilar-Gaxiola S. Youth mental health in a populous city of the developing world: results from the Mexican Adolescent Mental Health Survey. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2009, 50(4):386-395.
Benjet C, Hernandez-Montoya D, Borges G, Mendez E, Medina-Mora ME, Aguilar-Gaxiola S. Youth who neither study nor work: mental health, education and employment. Salud Publica Mex 2012, 54(4):410-417.
Borges G, Medina Mora-Icaza ME, Benjet C, Lee S, Lane M, Breslau J. Influence of mental disorders on school dropout in Mexico. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2011, 30(5):477-483.
Apantaku-Olajide T, James PD, Smyth BP. Association of educational attainment and adolescent substance Use disorder in a clinical sample. J Child Adolesc Subst Abuse 2014, 23(3):169-176.
Hemphala M, Hodgins S. Do psychopathic traits assessed in mid-adolescence predict mental health, psychosocial, and antisocial, including criminal outcomes, over the subsequent 5 years?. Can J Psychiatry 2014, 59(1):40-49.
Quiroga CV, Janosz M, Lyons JS, Morin AJS. Grade retention and seventh-grade depression symptoms in the course of school dropout among high-risk adolescents. Psychology 2012, 3(Special issue):749-755.
Quiroga CV, Morin AJS, Janosz M, Bisset S. Early adolescent depression symptoms and school dropout: mediating processes involving self-reported academic competence and achievement. J Educ Psychol 2013, 105(2):552-560.
Barbaresi WJ, Katusic SK, Colligan RC, Weaver AL, Jacobsen SJ. Long-term school outcomes for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a population-based perspective. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2007, 28(4):265-273.
Kent KM, Pelham WE, Molina BS, Sibley MH, Waschbusch DA, Yu J, Gnagy EM, Biswas A, Babinski DE, Karch KM. The academic experience of male high school students with ADHD. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2011, 39(3):451-462.
Horwood LJ, Fergusson DM, Hayatbakhsh MR, Najman JM, Coffey C, Patton GC, Silins E, Hutchinson DM. Cannabis use and educational achievement: findings from three Australasian cohort studies. Drug Alcohol Depend 2010, 110(3):247-253.
Doll BH, Hess RS. Through a New lens: contemporary psychological perspectives on school completion and dropping Out of high school. Sch Psychol Q 2001, 16(4):5.
Porche MV, Fortuna LR, Lin J, Alegria M. Childhood trauma and psychiatric disorders as correlates of school dropout in a national sample of young adults. Child Dev 2011, 82(3):982-998.
Breslau J, Miller E, Joanie Chung WJ, Schweitzer JB. Childhood and adolescent onset psychiatric disorders, substance use, and failure to graduate high school on time. J Psychiatr Res 2010, 45(3):295-301.
Breslau J, Lane M, Sampson N, Kessler RC. Mental disorders and subsequent educational attainment in a US national sample. J Psychiatr Res 2008, 42(9):708-716.
Le Cook B, Carson N, Alegria M. Assessing racial/ethnic differences in the social consequences of early-onset psychiatric disorder. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2010, 21(2 Suppl):49-66.
D'Amico EJ, Ellickson PL, Collins RL, Martino S, Klein DJ. Processes linking adolescent problems to substance-use problems in late young adulthood. J Stud Alcohol 2005, 66(6):766-775.
Fothergill KE, Ensminger ME, Green KM, Crum RM, Robertson J, Juon HS. The impact of early school behavior and educational achievement on adult drug use disorders: a prospective study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2008, 92(1-3):191-199.
Harford TC, Yi HY, Hilton ME. Alcohol abuse and dependence in college and noncollege samples: a ten-year prospective follow-up in a national survey. J Stud Alcohol 2006, 67(6):803-809.
Obot IS, Anthony JC. Association of school dropout with recent and past injecting drug use among African American adults. Addict Behav 1999, 24(5):701-705.
Obot IS, Anthony JC. School dropout and injecting drug use in a national sample of white non-Hispanic American adults. J Drug Educ 2000, 30(2):145-155.
Obot IS, Hubbard S, Anthony JC. Level of education and injecting drug use among African Americans. Drug Alcohol Depend 1999, 55(1-2):177-182.
Ellickson PL, Tucker JS, Klein DJ. High-risk behaviors associated with early smoking: results from a 5-year follow-up. J Adolesc Health 2001, 28(6):465-473.
Bohon C, Garber J, Horowitz JL. Predicting school dropout and adolescent sexual behavior in offspring of depressed and nondepressed mothers. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007, 46(1):15-24.
Lynskey MT, Coffey C, Degenhardt L, Carlin JB, Patton G. A longitudinal study of the effects of adolescent cannabis use on high school completion. Addiction 2003, 98(5):685-692.
Bray JW, Zarkin GA, Ringwalt C, Qi J. The relationship between marijuana initiation and dropping out of high school. Health Econ 2000, 9(1):9-18.
Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Beautrais AL. Cannabis and educational achievement. Addiction 2003, 98(12):1681-1692.
Marti CN, Stice E, Springer DW. Substance use and abuse trajectories across adolescence: a latent trajectory analysis of a community-recruited sample of girls. J Adolesc 2010, 33(3):449-461.
McCaffrey DF, Pacula RL, Han B, Ellickson P. Marijuana use and high school dropout: the influence of unobservables. Health Econ 2010, 19(11):1281-1299.
Degenhardt L, Coffey C, Moran P, Carlin JB, Patton GC. The predictors and consequences of adolescent amphetamine use: findings from the Victoria Adolescent Health Cohort Study. Addiction 2007, 102(7):1076-1084.
Lee S, Tsang A, Breslau J, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Angermeyer M, Borges G, Bromet E, Bruffaerts R, de Girolamo G, Fayyad J, Gureje O, Haro JM, Kawakami N, Levinson D, Oakley Browne MA, Ormel J, Posada-Villa J, Williams DR, Kessler RC. Mental disorders and termination of education in high-income and low- and middle-income countries: epidemiological study. Br J Psychiatry 2009, 194(5):411-417.
Fletcher JM. Adolescent depression: diagnosis, treatment, and educational attainment. Health Econ 2008, 17(11):1215-1235.
Daniel SS, Walsh AK, Goldston DB, Arnold EM, Reboussin BA, Wood FB. Suicidality, school dropout, and reading problems among adolescents. J Learn Disabil 2006, 39(6):507-514.
McShane G, Walter G, Rey JM. Functional Outcome of Adolescents with 'School Refusal'. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2004, 9(1):53-60.
Van Ameringen M, Mancini C, Farvolden P. The impact of anxiety disorders on educational achievement. J Anxiety Disord 2003, 17(5):561-571.
Hansen C, Weiss D, Last CG. ADHD boys in young adulthood: psychosocial adjustment. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1999, 38(2):165-171.
Goulding SM, Chien VH, Compton MT. Prevalence and correlates of school drop-out prior to initial treatment of nonaffective psychosis: further evidence suggesting a need for supported education. Schizophr Res 2010, 116(2-3):228-233.
Krohn MD, Lizotte AJ, Perez CM. The interrelationship between substance use and precocious transitions to adult statuses. J Health Soc Behav 1997, 38(1):87-103.
Lee CY, Winters KC, Wall MM. Trajectories of Substance Use Disorders in Youth: Identifying and Predicting Group Memberships. J Child Adolesc Subst Abuse 2010, 19(2):135-157.
Tresidder J, Macaskill P, Bennett D, Nutbeam D. Health risk and behaviour of out-of-school 16-year-olds in New South Wales. Aust N Z J Public Health 1997, 21(2):168-174.
Gfroerer JC, Greenblatt JC, Wright DA. Substance use in the US college-age population: differences according to educational status and living arrangement. Am J Public Health 1997, 87(1):62-65.
Kogan SM, Luo Z, Brody GH, Murry VM. The influence of high school dropout on substance use among African American youth. J Ethn Subst Abus 2005, 4(1):35-51.
Crum RM, Ensminger ME, Ro MJ, McCord J. The association of educational achievement and school dropout with risk of alcoholism: a twenty-five-year prospective study of inner-city children. J Stud Alcohol 1998, 59(3):318-326.
Crosnoe R, Riegle-Crumb C. A life course model of education and alcohol use. J Health Soc Behav 2007, 48(3):267-282.
Liem JH, Dillon CO, Gore S. Mental Health Consequences Associated With Dropping Out Of High School. Paper Presented At The 109th Annual Conference Of The American Psychological Association. ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.ED457502 2001
Ohayon MM, Roberts LW. Links between occupational activities and depressive mood in young adult populations. J Psychiatr Res 2014, 49:10-17.
Williams S, MacMillan H, Jamieson E. The potential benefits of remaining in school on the long-term mental health functioning of physically and sexually abused children: beyond the academic domain. Am J Orthopsychiatry 2006, 76(1):18-22.
Rosenthal BS. Non-school correlates of dropout: an integrative review of the literature. Child Youth Serv Rev 1998, 20(5):413-433.
Lynskey M, Hall W. The effects of adolescent cannabis use on educational attainment: a review. Addiction 2000, 95(11):1621-1630.
Breslau J, Miller E, Breslau N, Bohnert K, Lucia V, Schweitzer J. The impact of early behavior disturbances on academic achievement in high school. Pediatrics 2009, 123(6):1472-1476.
Gagne´ M, Marcotte D, Fortin L. L'impact de la de´pression et de l'expe´rience scolaire sur le de´crochage scolaire des adolescents. Rev Can Educ 2011, 34(2):15.
Trampush JW, Miller CJ, Newcorn JH, Halperin JM. The impact of childhood ADHD on dropping out of high school in urban adolescents/ young adults. J Atten Disord 2009, 13(2):127-136.
Duncan GJ, Dowsett CJ, Claessens A, Magnuson K, Huston AC, Klebanov P, Pagani LS, Feinstein L, Engel M, Brooks-Gunn J, Sexton H, Duckworth K, Japel C. School readiness and later achievement. Dev Psychol 2007, 43(6):1428-1446.