Biomagnetism; Electric fields; Electromagnetic field effects; Errors; Numerical methods; Systematic errors; Average errors; Body-worn sensors; Correction formulas; Electric and magnetic fields; Incident fields; Measurement methodology; Measurement techniques; Reference values; Wearable sensors
Abstract :
[en] Objective: As well known, using a single body worn sensor exposimeter introduces systematic errors on the measurement of the incident free space electric field strength. This is because the body creates around it high, intermediate and low level field zones, which depend on the direction of arrival of the incident field. The goal of this work is to propose an efficient method for the reduction of these errors. Methods: After classifying the perturbations induced by the body on the measured electric and magnetic fields thanks to realistic numerical simulations, we then propose a two-sensor setup in conjunction with simple semi-empirical correction formulas, in order to compensate these perturbations. Results: At 942 MHz, when the two sensors are placed in any opposite sides of the body at chest height, the worst case, maximum and average errors respectively decrease to 12% and 3% compared to 83% and 22% for measurement techniques using a single sensor, or 32% and 11% when using the average value of the measurements. Conclusion: The error related to the measurement in the presence of the body was significantly reduced by the proposed method making use of two opposite sensors, E-field and H-field at the chest. Significance: The conformity of exposure to EMF in terms of reference values according to the ICNIRP is given in the abscence of the human body. The interest of this work lies in the reduction of the errors made when measuring the field in the presence of the body.
Disciplines :
Electrical & electronics engineering
Author, co-author :
Kwate, R. K.; Electronic and Systems Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed Premier University, Oujda, Morocco
Elmagroud, Bachir; Electronic and Systems Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed Premier University, Oujda, Morocco
Taybi, Chakib; Electronic and Systems Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed Premier University, Oujda, Morocco
Beauvois, Véronique ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Dép. d'électric., électron. et informat. (Inst.Montefiore) > Dép. d'électric., électron. et informat. (Inst.Montefiore)
Geuzaine, Christophe ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Dép. d'électric., électron. et informat. (Inst.Montefiore) > Applied and Computational Electromagnetics (ACE)
Picard, Dominique; DRE, Signals and Systems Laboratory, CentraleSupelec, Paris, France
Ziyyat, Abdelhak; Electronic and Systems Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed Premier University, Oujda, Morocco
Language :
English
Title :
Measurement methodologies for reducing errors in the assessment of EMF by exposimeter
Publication date :
2017
Journal title :
Progress in Electromagnetics Research B
eISSN :
1937-6472
Publisher :
Electromagnetics Academy
Volume :
78
Pages :
31-46
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Funders :
MOHE - Ministry of Higher Education EGU - European Geosciences Union
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