[en] Rabies is an endemic zoonosis in developing countries and is one of the most virulent and deadly viral diseases. It is a threat to public and animal health in Burkina Faso. This cross-sectional study describes the epidemiology of rabies and the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of the populations in Ouagadougou. Data were collected from households and technical services involved in the prevention, control and surveillance
of human and animal rabies. The KAP survey was conducted
among 616 households. It showed that the majority of
participants had heard of human (80.7%) and animal (94.6%) rabies, were aware that the disease is mainly transmitted by infected dog bites (94.2%), and were able to quote at least two routes of rabies transmission (65.7%). In contrast, only 9.7% of dog owners claimed to be able to afford annual canine rabies vaccination. The main channels of information and communication about rabies used by the participants were friends and family (41.8%), school (33.4%), and media 24.8%). As for the retrospective epidemiological study, which was based on the documents vailable within national services, it showed that an
average of 4172 cases of bites were recorded each year, that
only 31.7% of those bitten had received complete post-exposure
prophylaxis, and that 68% of the animal tested were positive for rabies virus. These studies confirm the presence of a rabies risk in the country, and show the need for increased education
and community involvement, and close collaboration between the animal and human health sectors for integrated bite-case management.
Research Center/Unit :
Ecole Inter-Etats des Sciences et Médecine Vétérinaires de Dakar; Université de Liège
Adjé K.J.F., N’Dour A.P.N., Coulibaly F., Halidou A.I., Mabeki R., Koné P., 2015. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning rabies and post-exposure prophylactic measures at the Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar. Méd. Mal. Infect., 45 (7): 306-307, doi: 10.1016/j. medmal.2015.05.002
Ahme V.O., Dzikwi A.A., Umoh J.U., 2014. Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of dog owners to canine rabies in Wukari Metropolis, Taraba State Nigeria. Glob. J. Health Sci., 6 (5): 226-240, doi: 10.5539/ gjhs.v6n5p226
Bögel K., Meslin F.X., 1990. Aspects économiques de l’élimination de la rage humaine et canine: principes pour l’orientation des programmes. Bull. World Health Organ., 68 (4): 409-418
Burkina Faso, 1989. Kiti n° AN VII-0113/FP/AGRI-EL, repris par décret n° 2018-0730/PRES/PM/MRAH/MINEFID/MATD/MSECU/MCIA portant réglementation de la police zoo-sanitaire, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso Burkina Faso, 2009. Annuaire statistique. Ministère de la Santé, Direction générale de l’information et des statistiques sanitaires, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Cleaveland S., Lankester F., Townsend S., Lembo T., Hampson K., 2014. Rabies control and elimination: a test case for One Health. Vet. Rec., 175 (8): 188-93, doi: 10.1136/vr.g4996
Dao S., Abdillahi A.M., Bougoudogo F., Touré K., Simbé C., 2006. Aspects épidémiologiques de la rage humaine et animale en milieu urbain à Bamako, Mali. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot., 99 (3): 183-186
Dean D.L., Abelseth M.K., 1973. The fluorescent antibody test. In: Laboratory techniques in Rabies, 3rd ed. (Ed. Kaplan M.M., Koprowski H.). WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, 73-84
Diop S.A., Manga N.M., Dia N.M., Ndour C.T., Seydi M., Soumare M., Diop B.M., et al., 2007. Le point sur la rage humaine au Sénégal de 1986 à 2005. Méd. Mal. Infect., 37 (12): 787-791, doi: 10.1016/j. medmal.2007.01.010
Dodet B., AfroREB, Adjogoua E.V., Aguemon A.R., Amadou O.H., Atipo A.L., Baba B.A., et al., 2008. Fighting rabies in Africa: The Africa Rabies Expert Bureau. Vaccine, 26 (50): 6295-6298, doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.04.087
Hampson K., Coudeville L., Lembo T., Sambo M., Kieffer A., Attlan M., Barrat J., et al., 2015. Estimating the global burden of endemic canine rabies. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 9 (5): e0003709, doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003709
HCSP France, 1998. La progression de la précarité en France et ses effets sur la santé. ENSP, Rennes, France, 368 p.
Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 2014. La rage, cette maladie difficile à combattre au Maroc. Lettre Pasteur (3): 1-16
Jackson A.C., 2013. Current and future approaches to the therapy of human rabies. Antiviral Res., 99 (1): 61-67, doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.01.003
Kaboré B.E., 2014. Place de l’enfant parmi les cas de rage dans la ville de Ouagadougou: étude rétrospective sur 10 ans 6 mois. Thèse Méd., Université de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 89 p.
Kouldiati J., 1989. Contribution à l’étude de la rage canine au Burkina Faso:épidémiologie et prophylaxie. Thèse Méd. Vét., EISMV, Dakar, Sénégal, 121 p.
Lembo T., Hampson K., Kaare M.T., Ernest E., Knobel D., Kazwala R.R., Haydon D.T., et al., 2010. The feasibility of canine rabies elimination in Africa: dispelling doubts with data. PloS Negl. Trop. Dis., 4 (2): e626, doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000626
Mangué J.S., 2009. Epidémiologie de la rage et aspects moléculaires du virus rabique à Bangui (République centrafricaine) au cours de la période de 2006 à 2008. Thèse Méd. Vét., EISMV, Dakar, Sénégal, 151 p.
Migan A.G., 2007. Contribution à l’étude de l’épidémiologie de la rage au Sénégal au cours de la période de 1996 à 2005. Thèse Méd. Vét., EISMV, Dakar, Sénégal, 86 p.
Mindekem R., 2017. La rage canine au Tchad: état des lieux et qualité du dispositif de lutte. Thèse Doct., Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Bénin, 172 p.
Mindekem R., Kayali U., Yemadji N., Ndoutamia A.G., Zinsstag J., 2005. La démographie canine et son importance pour la transmission de la rage humaine à Ndjamena. Med. Trop., 65 (1): 53-58
Moreira, E.D. Jr, Mendes de Souza V.M., Sreenivasan M., Nascimento E.G., Pontes de Carvalho L., 2004. Assessment of an optimized dogculling program in the dynamics of canine Leishmania transmission. Vet. Parasitol., 122 (4): 245-252, doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.05.019
Mosimann L., Traoré A., Mauti S,, Léchenne M., Obrist B., Véron R., Hattendorf J., et al., 2017. A mixed methods approach to assess animal vaccination programmes: the case of rabies control in Bamako, Mali. Acta Trop., 165: 203-215, doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.10.007
Nodjimadji R., 2008. Contribution à l’étude de l’épidémiologie de la rage au Sénégal: cas de la région de Fatick au cours de la période de 1998 à 2007. Thèse Méd. Vét., EISMV, Dakar, Sénégal, 135 p.
Sabeta C.T., Bingham J., Nel L.H., 2003. Molecular epidemiology of canid rabies in Zimbabwe and South Africa. Virus Res., 91 (2): 203-211, doi:10.1016/S0168-1702(02)00272-1
Sambo M., Lembo T., Cleaveland S., Ferguson H.M., Sikana L., Simon C., Urassa H., et al., 2014. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) about rabies prevention and control: A community survey in Tanzania. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 8 (12): e3310, doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003310
Savadogo M., 2015. Amélioration de la connaissance de l’épidémiologie de la rage au Burkina Faso: Situation épidémiologique et connaissancesattitudes- perceptions sur la rage dans la commune de Ouagadougou.
Thèse Méd. Vét., EISMV, Dakar, Sénégal, 113 p.
Savadogo M,, Boushab M.B., 2015. La rage chez l’enfant: un risque encore méconnu des populations exposées. Méd. Santé Trop., 25: 222-224, doi:10.1684/mst.2015.0449
Selly Essis A.M., Dadou G., Ehouman A., Edoh V., 1992. Evolution de l’endémie rabique dans les populations humaines et animales en Côte d’ivoire. Méd. Afr. Noire, 39 (2): 86-93
Sondo K.A., Diallo I., Savadogo M., Kaboré B.E., Ouédraogo G.A., Zoungrana J., Diendéré E.A., et al., 2018. Enquête transversale sur les cas de rage reçus de 2003 à 2014 au Service des maladies infectieuses du centre hospitalier universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo (Burkina Faso). Sci. Tec. Sci. Vie, 1 (1): 41-5
Sondo K.A., Yonaba/Okenga C., Diop S.A., Kaboré B.E., Diallo I., Kyelem N., Basshono J., et al., 2015. Rabies in children: report of 24 cases at the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital Center of Ouagadougou in Brukina Faso. J. Trop. Dis., 3: 168, doi: 10.4172/2329-891X.1000168
Sondo K.A., Zougrana J., Bazié K., Kyelem C.G., Diallo I., Korsaga N., Basshono J., et al., 2014. Prise en charge postexposition des victimes d’agression par un animal à Ouagadougou. Sci. Tech. Sci. Santé, 37 (1-2):27-36
Tiembré I., Aka-Kone D.M.B., Konan Y.E., Vroh J.B.B., Ekra K.D., Dagnan N.S., Aka J., et al., 2009. Observance du traitement vaccinal antirabique chez les sujets exposés à la rage à Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire). Santé Publique, 21 (6): 595-603, doi: 10.3917/spub.096.0595
Wera E., Velthuis A.G.J., Geong M., Hogeveen H., 2013. Costs of rabies control: An economic calculation method applied to Flores Island. PLoS ONE, 8 (12): e83654, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083654
WHO, 1992. Report of the 3rd consultation on oral immunization of dogs against rabies. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, 14 p.
Yaok A.J., Reece J.F., Gehrt S.D., Hamilton I.M., 2016. Optimizing freeroaming dog control programs using agent-based models. Ecol. Model., 341: 53-61, doi: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.09.018
Zinsstag J., Lechenne M., Laager M., Mindekem R., Naïssengar S., Oussiguéré A., Bidjeh K., et al., 2017. Vaccination of dogs in an African city interrupts rabies transmission and reduces human exposure. Sci. Transl. Med., 9: eaaf6984, doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf6984
