Evaluation of bioclimatic potential, energy consumption, CO2-emission, and life cycle cost of a residential building located in Sub-Saharan Africa; a case study of eight countries
Bioclimatic potential; CO2-emission; Sub-Saharan Africa; Life cycle cost; Energy consumption
Abstract :
[en] Nowadays, one of the current concerns of the United Nations and the European Union is to offer more reliable mechanisms aimed at reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions on a building scale. The new required recommendations can be applied to all countries of the world. The main objective of this study is to evaluate, analyse and compare the indoor air condition (comfort rate and CO2 concentration), and energy consumption, prevailing in a family building built in eight cities (Douala, Kinshasa, Abidjan, Lagos, Pretoria, Dakar, Antananarivo and Addis Ababa), located in eight countries (Cameroon, DRC, Cote d’Ivoire, Nigeria, South Africa, Senegal, Madagascar and Ethiopia) in Sub-Saharan Africa. In addition, this study assesses the total cost of the life cycle of a new building over a period of 50 years in each country. Parameter simulations and optimizations are
carried out over three periods (current, 2030 and 2050) with Design Builder software renowned in this area. The results showed that the comfort potential is around 10–21% higher in the residential buildings located at altitude compare to those ones in coastal regions. The thermal comfort range is found between 20 ◦C and 29 ◦C in these different cities. The preferred thermal environment in altitude regions, where it makes cold, should be “slightly
warm”, corresponding to around 1 ◦C above the neutral temperature, in order to satisfy the majority of the building occupant. In addition, the preferred thermal environment in coastal regions, where it makes warm, should be “slightly cold”, corresponding to around 1 ◦C below the neutral temperature, in order to satisfy the majority of the occupants of the building. Finally, the building’s Life cycle cost (LCC) ranges between 25% and 35% for construction cost; from 30%to 40%, for operation cost; between 2% and 3% for maintenance cost; between 9% and 15% for energy cost on the whole LCC in Sub-Saharan-Africa.
Disciplines :
Architecture
Author, co-author :
Kameni Nematchoua, Modeste ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département ArGEnCo > Urbanisme et aménagement du territoire
Reiter, Sigrid ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département ArGEnCo > Urbanisme et aménagement du territoire
Language :
English
Title :
Evaluation of bioclimatic potential, energy consumption, CO2-emission, and life cycle cost of a residential building located in Sub-Saharan Africa; a case study of eight countries
Andrea, I., Enedir, G., Impact of climate change on heating and cooling energy demand in houses in Brazil (2016) Energy Build., 130, pp. 20-32
ASHRAE, Thermal Environmental Conditions for Humoccupancy (2004), American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-ConditionEngineers Inc Atlanta 1(56)
(2002), ASHRAE, Guideline 14-2002: Measurement of Energy and Demand Savings, ASHRAE, Atlanta. Georgia
Attia, S., Lacombe, T., Rakotondramiarana, H.T., Garde, F., Roshan, G., Analysis tool for bioclimatic design strategies in hot humid climates (2019) Sustain. Cities Soc., 45, pp. 8-24
Barbara, R., Anne-Françoise, M., Reiter, S., Life-cycle assessment of residential buildings in three different European locations, case study (2012) Build. Environ., 51, pp. 402-407
www.cisl.cam.ac.uk/ipcc>, Changement climatique: Répercussions sur les bâtiments.Principales conclusions du Cinquième Rapport d'Évaluation (AR5) du Groupe d'experts intergouvernemental sur l'évolution du climat (GIEC). 2014. Available from: <
De Wilde, P., Building Performance Analysis (2018), John Wiley & Sons
Djongyang, N., Tchinda, R., Njomo, D., A study of coupled heat and mass transfer across a porous building component in intertropical conditions (2009) Energy Build., 41, pp. 461-469
Eleftheriadis, S., Duffour, P., Mumovic, D., BIM-embedded life cycle carbon assessment of RC buildings using optimised structural design alternatives (2018) Energy Build., 173, pp. 587-600
Fezzioui, N., Khoukhi, M., Dahou, Z., Aït-Mokhtar, K., Larbi, S., Bioclimatic architectural design of ksar de kenadza: south-west area of Algeria hot and dry climate (2009) Architect. Sci. Rev., 52 (3), pp. 221-228
Galaso, J.L.P., de G López, I.L., Purkiss, J.B., The influence of microclimate on architectural projects: a bioclimatic analysis of the single-family detached house in Spain's Mediterranean climate (2016) Energy Effic., 9, pp. 621-645
Givoni, B., Comfort, climate analysis and building design guidelines (1992) Energy Build., 18 (1), pp. 11-23
b. Givoni Climate Considerations in Building and Urban Design 1998 John Wiley and Sons
http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/trends/WPP2012_Wallchart.pdf, Available from: < Site web consulted Decenber-2019>
(2020), https://designbuilder.co.uk/helpv6.0/Content/Carbon.htm>, Available from: < accessed on July 07
Hyde, R., Upadhyay, A.K., Treviño, A., Bioclimatic responsiveness of La Casa de Luis Barragán, Mexico City, Mexico (2016) Archit. Sci. Rev., 59, pp. 91-101
Kaethner, S., (Arup), Burridge, J., Embodied CO2 of structural frames (2012) Struct. Eng.
Kartal, S., Chousein, Ö., Utilization of renewable energy sources in bioclimatic architecture in Greece (2016) World J. Eng., 13, pp. 18-22
Katafygiotou, M.C., Serghides, D.K., Bioclimatic chart analysis in three climate zones in Cyprus (2015) Indoor Built Environ., 24 (6), pp. 746-760
Kayaçetin, N.C., horTanyer, A.M., Embodied carbon assessment of residential housing at urban scale (2020) Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 117
Khambadkone, N.K., Jain, R., A bioclimatic analysis tool for investigation of thepotential of passive cooling and heating strategies in a composite Indian climate (2017) Build. Environ., 123, pp. 469-493
Khoukhi, M., Fezzioui, N., Thermal comfort design of traditional houses in hot dryregion of Algeria (2012) Int. J. Energy Environ. Eng., 3 (1), p. 5
Kitio, V., (2013), p. 7. , http://www.unep.org/sbci/pdfs/PromotingEEBEastAfrica.pdf>, Promoting Energy Efficiency in Buildings in East Africa, UNEP SBCI Symposium 25-26 November 2013 Paris, Global Action towards Resource Efficiency and Climate Mitigation in the Building Sector, disponible, Available from: <
La Roche, P., Liggett, R., Very simple design tools: a web based assistant for the design of climate responsive buildings (2001) Architect. Sci. Rev., 44 (4), pp. 437-448
Langdon, D., (2007), Towards a common European methodology for Life Cycle Costing (LCC). Literature Review: Management Consulting
Lavoye, F., Thellier, F., Le confort thermique dans les bâtiments (2015) IEPF, , (2)
Lotteau, M., Loubet, P., Pousse, M., Dufrasnes, E., Sonnemann, G., Critical review of life cycle assessment (LCA) for the built environment at the neighborhood scale (2015) Build. Environ., 93, pp. 165-178
Mahajan, R., Pataskar, S.V., Jain, N.S., Life cycle cost analysis of a multi storied residential building (2014) Int. J. Mech. Prod. Eng., 2, pp. 45-49
Milne, M., Givoni, B., Architectural design based on climate (1979) Energy Conservation through Building Design, pp. 96-113. , D. Watson McGrawHill. Inc. New York. NY
Modeste, K.N., Tchinda, R., Orosa, J.A., Thermal comfort and energy consumption in modern versus traditional buildings in Cameroon: a questionnaire-based statistical study (2014) Appl. Energy, 114, pp. 687-699
Modeste, K.N., Tchinda, R., Ricciardi, P., Djongyang, N., A field study on thermal comfort in naturally-ventilated buildings located in the equatorial climatic region of Cameroon (2014) Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 39, pp. 381-393
Modeste, K.N., Ricciardi, P., Buratti, C., Statistical analysis of indoor parameters an subjective responses of building occupants in a hot region of Indian ocean
a case of Madagascar island (2017) Appl. Energy, 208, pp. 1562-1575
Modeste, K.N., José, A., Orosa, S.R., Life cycle assessment of two sustainable and old neighbourhoods affected by climate change in one city in Belgium: a review (2019) Environ. Impact Assess. Rev., 78
Modeste, K.N., Yvon, A., Omer, K., Somayeh, A., Ruchi, C., Sigrid, R., Impact of climate change on demands for heating and cooling energy in hospitals: an in-depth case study of six islands located in the Indian Ocean region (2019) Sustainable Cities Soc., 44, pp. 629-645
Mui, K.W., Wong, L.T., Neutral temperature in subtropical climates—A field survey in air-conditioned offices (2007) Build. Environ., 42, pp. 699-706
Nematchoua, M.K., From existing neighbourhoods to net-zero energy and nearly zero carbon neighbourhoods in the tropical regions (2020) Sol. Energy, 211, pp. 244-257
Nematchoua, M.K., Teller, J., Reiter, S., Statistical life cycle assessment of residential buildings in a temperate climate of northern part of Europe (2019) J. Cleaner Prod., 229, pp. 621-631
Nematchoua, M.K., Asadi, S., Reiter, S., Influence of energy mix on the life cycle of an eco-neighborhood, a case study of 150 countries (2020) Renewable Energy, 162, pp. 81-97
Nematchoua, M.K., Noelson, J.C.V., Saadi, I., Kenfack, H., Andrianaharinjaka, A.-Z.F.R., Ngoumdoum, D.F., Sela, J.B., Reiter, S., Application of phase change materials, thermal insulation, and external shading for thermal comfort improvement and cooling energy demand reduction in an office building under different coastal tropical climates (2020) Sol. Energy, 207, pp. 458-470
Nematchoua, M., Ricciardi, P., Buratti, C., Adaptive approach of thermal comfort and correlation between experimental data and mathematical model in some Schools and traditional buildings of Madagascar under natural ventilation (2019) Sustainable Cities Soc., 44, pp. 629-645
Ogbonna, A.C., Harris, D.J., Thermal comfort in sub-Saharan Africa: field study report in Jos-Nigeria (2008) Appl. Energy, 85, pp. 1-11
, p. 17. , http://unhabitat.org/the-state-of-african-cities-2014/>, ONU Habitat 2014, State of Africancities, disponible via. Available from: <
Osman, M.M., Sevinc, H., Adaptation of climate-responsive building design strategies and resilience to climate change in the hot/arid region of Khartoum. Sudan (2019) Sustainable Cities Soc., p. 101429
Pajek, L., Košir, M., Implications of present and upcoming changes in bioclimaticpotential for energy performance of residential buildings (2018) Build. Environ., 127, pp. 157-172
Peng, C., Calculation of a building's life cycle carbon emissions based on Ecotect and building information modeling (2016) J. Cleaner Prod., 112, pp. 453-465
Rohles, F.H., Hayter, R.B., Milliken, G., (1975), Effective Temperature (ET*) as a Predictor of Thermalcomfort, vol. 81. Boston, USA
Santy, H.M., Tsuzuki, K., Susanti, L., Bioclimatic analysis in pre-design stage of passive house in Indonesia (2017) Buildings, 7, p. 24
(2014), p. 25. , World Urbanization Prospects: The 2011 Revision, UNDESA, New York, 2012 (de ONU Habitat State of the African cities
Zhang, Z., Xi, L., Bin, S., Zhao, Y., Energy, CO2 emissions, and value added flows embodied in the international trade of the BRICS group: a comprehensive assessment (2019) Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 116
Zhao, D., McCoy, A., Du, J., An empirical study on the energy consumption in residential buildings after adopting green building standards (2016) Procedia Eng., 145, pp. 766-773
