[en] Evaluating the current situation of ecotourism in Kaji Namakzar Wetland in South Khorasan Province, Iran and offering strategies for its sustainable development are the main objectives of this study. To this end, different decision making tools were used including questionnaires and interviews with experts, local residents and visitors of the wetland. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) and quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM) analysis techniques were conducted to identify the required management strategies. Results showed that the existing ecotourism activities within the wetland are not in line with the sustainability requirements. Although the result of the present study showed that KNW has an unsustainable situation with regard to its current management strategies, if authorities take its great opportunities and strengths more into consideration, it can have positive effects on developing sustainable strategies to increase ecotourism activities in the region and to reduce the adverse effects on the environment.
Disciplines :
Social & behavioral sciences, psychology: Multidisciplinary, general & others
Aghajani S. Eco tourism sustainable development and its positive impacts on urban and rural transformation (case study: Iran) 2014, The ISSRM Conference, Hannover, Germany.
Agrawal K. Environmental sustainability of ecotourism. Research Journal of Economics & Business Studies 2012, 1:1-54.
Azadi H., Samari D., Zarafshani K., Hosseininia G.h., Witlox F. Sustainable forest management in Iran: A factor analysis. Sustainable Science 2013, 8:543-551.
Badri A., Rahmani K.h., Sjasy Kedari M., Hassanpour A. Strategies for ecotourism development in Marivan. Journal of Rural Research 2011, 2:54-31. (In Persian).
Balmford A., Bruner A., Cooper P., Costanza R., Farber S., Green R.E. Economic reasons for conserving wild nature. Science 2002, 297(5583):950-953.
Blangy S., Mehta H. Ecotourism and ecological restoration. Journal for Nature Conservation 2006, 3-4(14):233-236.
Bohari A.M., Wei Hin C., Fuad N. The competitiveness of halal food industry in Malaysia: A SWOT-ICT analysis. Journal of Society and Space 2013, 9(1):1-9.
Brown K., Turner R., Hameed H., Bateman I. Environmental carrying capacity and tourism development in the Maldives and Nepal. Environmental Conservation 1997, 24(4):316-325.
Buta R. The SWOT analysis in the geographical research, with applicability in the study of the human settlements from Moldova valley. Present Environment and Sustainable Development 2007, 1:239-248.
Ceballos-Lascurain H. Tourism, Ecotourism and Protected Areas 1996, IUCN. The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland.
Coria J., Calfucura E. Ecotourism and the development of indigenous communities: The good, the bad, and the ugly. Ecological Economics 2012, 73(15):47-55.
Cronbach L.J. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika 1951, 16:297-334.
Das M., Chatterjee B. Ecotourism: A panacea or a predicament?. Tourism Management Perspectives 2015, 14:3-16.
Das S. Ecotourism, sustainable development and the Indian state. EPW 2011, XLVI(37).
Duffy R. The politics of ecotourism and the developing world. Journal of Ecotourism 2006, 5(1&2):1-6.
Ebrahimzadeh A., Agassizadeh S. Analysis of the factors affecting tourism development in the coastal area of Chabahr using SWOT strategy. Urban and Regional Studies and Research Journal 2009, 1:128-107.
Ghadimi N. Plan for the Land Society http://plan4land.org/en/AboutUS.aspx.
Ghorbani A., Raufirad V., Jafarian Z. Investigation the role Tourism industry in conservation and economic valuation of Kaji wetland of Southern Khorasan Province. International Conference on Environmental Crises and its Solutions Kish International Convention Center, Kish Island, on 13 till 14 February 2013.
Harfst J., Wirth P., Lintz G., Bieberstein C. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats of European mining regions (SWOT Report I) 2010, 103. Leibniz Institute of Ecological and Regional Development (IOER), Germany, Dresden.
Higham J. Critical issues in ecotourism: Understanding a complex tourism phenomenon 2007, 12. Published by, Elsevier Ltd.
Holden A. Environment and tourism. Routledge introductions to environment series 2007, 111.
Hsu H., Lin J. Benefits beyond boundaries: A slogan or reality? A case study of Taijiang National Park in Taiwan. Tourism Management Perspectives 2013, 6:41-52.
Jalani J.O. Local people's perception on the impacts and importance of ecotourism in Sabang, Palawan, Philippines. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 2012, 57(9):247-254.
Monavari M., Karbasi A., Mogooee R. Environmental strategic management 2007, Kavoush Qalam, Iran, Tehran.
Moosavi S.J., Safania A.M., Gholami S. Feasibility athletic abilities nature (ecotourism, sports) West Mazandaran using SWOT analysis. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences 2013, 5(10):1238-1244.
NOAA Assessment for sustainable tourism Available at:, (accessed Nov, 2011). http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/management/international/pdfs/day2_assessment_manual.pdf.
Ommani A.R. Strategies of rural development in Shoushtar Township of Iran (applying SWOT method). Journal of American Science 2011, 7(1):969-972.
Ramsar Convention Information sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS) - 2009-2012 Version. Available at:, (accessed 2011). http://www.ramsar.org/ris/key_ris_e.pdf.
Reihanian A., Noor Zalina Binti M., Kahrom E., Hin T.W. Sustainable tourism development strategy by SWOT analysis: Boujagh National Park, Iran. Tourism Management Perspectives 2012, 4:223-228.
Rio D., Nunes L.M. Monitoring and evaluation tool for tourism destinations. Tourism Management Perspectives 2012, 4:64-66.
Sadry B.N. Fundamentals of geotourism: With a special emphasis on Iran 2009, Samt Organization publishers, Tehran, (220 pp. English Summary available Online at: http://physio-geo.revues.org/3159?file=1).
Salafsky N. Integrating development with conservation: A means to a conservation end or a mean end to conservation?. Biological Conservation 2011, 144(3):973-978.
Samadzadeh B., Bigdeli A., Fathi B. Analysis techniques the ecotourism power of khalkhal Hshjyn using SWOT. Geographical landscape Journal 2010, 12:60-40. (In Persian).
Sariisik M., Turkayb O., Akovac O. How to manage yacht tourism in Turkey: A SWOT analysis and related strategies. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 2011, 24:1014-1025.
Sayyed M.R.G., Mansoori M.S., Jaybhaye R.G. SWOT analysis of Tandooreh National Park (NE Iran) for sustainable ecotourism. Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences 2013, 3(4):296-305.
Streiner D. Starting at the beginning: An introduction to coefficient alpha and internal consistency. Journal of Personality Assessment 2003, 80:99-103.
Stronza A. The economic promise of ecotourism for conservation. Journal of Ecotourism 2007, 6(3):210-221.
Surendran A., Sekhar C. A comparative analysis on the socio-economic welfare of dependents of the Anamalai Tiger Reserve (ATR) in India. Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research 2011, 5(3):361-379.
Taghvaei M., Taghizadeh M.M., Kiomarsi H. Mapping tourist villages using GIS and SWOT analysis. (case study: Shore Kaftar Lake). Journal of Geography and Environmental Planning 2011, 42:120-199. (In Persian).
Tavassoli K. Ecotourism in Iran. Linking Green productivity to ecotourism (chapter 12: Ecotourism in Iran 2002, Asian Productivity Organization, Tokyo, Japan. T. Tundloe (Ed.).
Telfer D.J., Sharpley R. Tourism and development in the developing world 2007, 133. Routledge.
Tepelus C.M., Cordobci R.C. Recognition schemes in tourism - From eco to sustainability?. Journal of Cleaner Production 2005, 13(2):135-140.