[en] The transport of excess atmospheric CO2 (defined as the fraction of dissolved
inorganic carbon (DIC) that can escape as CO2 to the atmosphere due to water-air equilibration),
by the five rivers entering the Scheldt estuary is investigated. Excess CO2 originates
from both respiration in the soil and the river and represents 10 % of the DIC and 6 % of the
total carbon input into the estuary. The ventilation of this CO2 in the estuary is however a
minor contribution (10 %) to the total estuarine emission to the atmosphere, compared to
heterotrophic activity and acidification due to nitrification within the estuarine zone.
Disciplines :
Sciences aquatiques & océanologie
Auteur, co-auteur :
Abril, Gwenaël
Etcheber, Henri
Borges, Alberto ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Océanographie chimique
Frankignoulle, Michel
Langue du document :
Anglais
Titre :
Excess atmospheric carbon dioxide transported by rivers into the Scheldt Estuary
Date de publication/diffusion :
2000
Titre du périodique :
Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences. Série 2a, Sciences de la Terre et des Planètes
Abril G., Dynamique du carbone dans les estuaires européens : processus de minéralisation et transfert continent-océan-atmosphère, thèse, université Bordeaux-1, 1999, 294 p.
Abril G., Etcheber H., Le Hir P., Bassoullet P., Boutier B., Frankignoulle M. Oxic/anoxic oscillations and organic carbon mineralization in an estuarine maximum turbidity zone (The Gironde, France). Limnol. Oceanogr. 44:1999;1304-1315.
Abril G., Frankignoulle M., Nitrogen-alkalinity interactions in the highly polluted Scheldt basin (Belgium), Water Res. (submitted).
Amiotte Suchet P., Probst J.L. A global model for present-day atmospheric/soil CO2consumption by chemical erosion of continental rocks (GEM-CO2). Tellus 47B. 2:1995;273-280.
Barth J.A.C., Veizer J. Carbon cycle in St Lawrence aquatic ecosystems at Cornall (Ontario), Canada: seasonal and spatial variations. Chem. Geol. 159:1999;107-128.
Bennet J.P., Rathbun F., Reaeration in open-channel flow, US Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 737, 1972.
Benson B.B., Krause D. The concentration and isotopic fractionation of oxygen dissolved in freshwater and seawater in equilibrium with the atmosphere. Limnol. Oceanogr. 29:1984;620-632.
Borges A.V., Frankignoulle M. Daily and seasonal variations of the partial pressure of CO2in the surface seawater along the Belgian and southern Dutch coastal areas. J. Mar. Sys. 19:1999;251-266.
Cai W.J., Pomeroy L.R., Moran M.A., Wang Y. Oxygen and carbon dioxide mass balance for estuarine-intertidal marsh complex of five rivers in the southeastern US. Limnol. Oceanogr. 44:1999;639-649.
Clark J.F., Wanninkhof R., Schlosser P., Simpson H.J. Gas exchange rates in the tidal Hudson River using a dual tracer technique. Tellus 46B. 46B:1994;274-285.
Devol A.H., Richey J.E., Quay P., Martinelli L. The role of gas exchange in the inorganic carbon, oxygen and 222Rn budgets of the Amazon River. Limnol. Oceanogr. 32:1987;235-248.
Frankignoulle M., Bourge I., Wollast R. Atmospheric CO2fluxes in a highly polluted estuary (The Scheldt). Limnol. Oceanogr. 41:1996;365-369.
Frankignoulle M., Abril G., Borges A., Bourge I., Canon C., Delille B., Libert E., Théate J.M. Carbon dioxide emission from European estuaries. Science. 282:1998;434-436.
Gattuso J.P., Frankignoulle M., Wollast R. Carbon and carbonate metabolism in coastal aquatic ecosystems. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 29:1998;405-434.
Hamilton S.K., Sippel S.J., Melack J.M. Oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide and methane production in waters of the Pantanal wetland of Brazil. Biogeochemistry. 30:1995;115-141.
Jarvie H.P., Neal C., Leach D.V., Ryland G.P., House W.A., Robson A.J. Major ion concentrations and the inorganic carbon chemistry of the Humer rivers. Sci. Tot. Environ. 194-195:1997;285-302.
Jones J.B., Mulholland P.J. Carbon dioxide variation in a hardwood forest stream: an integrative measure of whole catchment soil respiration. Ecosystems. 1:1998;183-196.
Ludwig W., Probst J.L., Kempe S. Predicting the oceanic input of organic carbon by continental erosion. Global Biogeochem. Cycles. 10:1996;23-41.
Mehrbach C., Culberson C., Hawley J.E., Pytkowich R.M. Measurements of the apparent dissociation constants of carbonic acid in seawater at atmospheric pressure. Limnol. Oceanogr. 18:1973;897-907.
Meybeck M. Riverine transport of atmospheric carbon: sources, global typology and budget. Water Air Soil Poll. 70:1993;443-463.
Neal C., House W.A., Jarvie H.P., Eatherall A. The significance of dissolved carbon dioxide in major lowland rivers entering the North Sea. Sci. Tot. Environ. 210-211:1998;187-203.
Raymond P.A., Caraco N.F., Cole J.J. Carbon dioxide concentration and atmospheric flux in the Hudson river. Estuaries. 20:1997;381-390.
Regnier P., Wollast R., Steefel C.I. Long-term fluxes of reactive species in macrotidal estuaries: estimates from a fully transient, multicomponent reaction-transport model. Mar. Chem. 58:1997;127-145.
Regnier P., Steefel C.I. A high resolution estimate of the inorganic nitrogen flux from the Scheldt estuary to the coastal North Sea during a nitrogen-limited algal bloom, spring 1995. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 63:1999;1359-1374.
Sehmi K., Érosion et transfert de matière sur le bassin versant de la Garonne. Influence de la sécheresse, thèse, université Louis-Pasteur, Strasbourg, 1996, 203 p., en dépôt à la Soc. géol. France.
Soetaert K., Herman P.M.J. Carbon flows in the Westernscheldt estuary (The Netherlands) estimated by means of a global ecosystem model (MOSES). Hydrobiol. 311:1995;247-266.
Soetaert K., Herman P.M.J. Nitrogen dynamics in the Westerschelde estuary (SW Netherlands) estimated by means of the ecosystem model MOSES. Hydrobiol. 311:1995;225-246.
Stumm W., Morgan J.J. Aquatic chemistry. 2nd :1981;John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Veyssy E., Colas C., Etcheber H., Maneux E., Probst J.L. Transports fluviaux de carbone organique par la Garonne à l'entrée de la Gironde. Sci. Géol. Bull. Strasbourg. 49:1996;127-153.
Weiss R.F., Carbon dioxide in water and seawater: the solubility of a non-ideal gas, Mar. Chem. 2 (1974) 203-215.
Wollast R. The Scheldt Estuary. Salomon W, Bayne B.L, Duursma E.K, Förstner U. Pollution of the North Sea, an assessment. Springer-Verlag. 1988;183-193.
Wollast M., Marijns R., Évaluation des contributions de différentes sources de matières en suspension à l'envasement de l'Escaut. Final report to the Ministry of Public Health and Environment (Belgium), 1981, 152 p.
