Article (Scientific journals)
A review of the geology and origin of CO2 in mineral water springs in east Belgium
Barros, Renatat; Defourny, Agathe; Dassargues, Alain et al.
2021In Geologica Belgica, 24 (1-2), p. 17-31
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Keywords :
CO2-rich waters; geogenic CO2; Stavelot-Venn Massif
Abstract :
[en] Naturally CO2-rich mineral water springs (pouhons) in east Belgium occur in the context of the Rhenohercynian domain of the Variscan fold-and-thrust belt, mostly within the Cambro-Ordovician Stavelot-Venn Massif. The origin of the CO2 is still unclear, although different hypotheses exist. In this review study, we show pouhon waters are of the calcium bicarbonate type (~310 mg/l HCO3- on average), with notable Fe (~15 mg/l) and some Ca (~43 mg/l). Pouhon waters are primarily meteoric waters, as evidenced by H and O isotopic signature. The δ13C of CO2 varies from -7.8 to +0.8‰ and contains up to ~15% He from magmatic origin, reflecting a combination of carbonate rocks and mantle as CO2 sources at depth. Dinantian and Middle Devonian carbonates at 2–6 km depth could be potential sources, with CO2 generated by dissolution. However, carbonates below the Stavelot-Venn Massif are only predicted by structural models that assume in-sequence thrusting, not by the more generally accepted out-of-sequence thrust models. The mantle CO2 might originate from degassing of the Eifel magmatic plume or an unknown shallower magmatic reservoir. Deep rooted faults are thought to act as preferential pathways. Overall low temperatures of pouhons (~10 °C) and short estimated residence times (up to 60 years) suggest magmatic CO2 is transported upwards to meet infiltrating groundwater at shallower depths, with partial to full isotopic exchange with carbonate rocks along its path, resulting in mixed magmatic-carbonate signature. Although the precise role and interaction of the involved subsurface processes remains debatable, this review study provides a baseline for future investigations.
Disciplines :
Geological, petroleum & mining engineering
Author, co-author :
Barros, Renatat
Defourny, Agathe ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > UEE
Dassargues, Alain  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département ArGEnCo > Hydrogéologie & Géologie de l'environnement
Piessens, Kris
Welkenhuysen, Kris
Other collaborator :
Collignon, Arnaud
Jobé, Patrick
Language :
English
Title :
A review of the geology and origin of CO2 in mineral water springs in east Belgium
Publication date :
2021
Journal title :
Geologica Belgica
ISSN :
1374-8505
eISSN :
2034-1954
Publisher :
Geologica Belgica, Liège, Belgium
Volume :
24
Issue :
1-2
Pages :
17-31
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
European Projects :
H2020 - 731166 - GeoERA - Establishing the European Geological Surveys Research Area to deliver a Geological Service for Europe
Name of the research project :
ROSEAU - Doctorat en entreprise
Funders :
DGTRE - Région wallonne. Direction générale des Technologies, de la Recherche et de l'Énergie
EGU - European Geosciences Union
EC - European Commission
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since 02 March 2021

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