Urban density and Covid-19: towards an adaptive approach

Teller, Jacques

doi:10.5334/bc.89

Download

Article (Scientific journals)

Urban density and Covid-19: towards an adaptive approach

Teller, Jacques

2021 • In Buildings & Cities, 2 (1), p. 150-165

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/2268/256711

DOI
10.5334/bc.89

Files (1)Send to Details Statistics Bibliography Similar publications

Files

Full Text

89-2980-1-PB.pdf

Publisher postprint (495.6 kB)

Download

All documents in ORBi are protected by a user license.

Send to

RIS BibTex APA Chicago Permalink X Linkedin

Details

Keywords :

adaptivity; cities; connectivity; Covid-19; public health; resilience; statistical models; urban density; urban policy; vulnerability

Abstract :

[en] A literature review and analysis is presented on the influence that urban density has on the diffusion of Covid-19. Six main categories of factors are identified: urban settlement, socioeconomic factors, urban services, urban environment, policies and time. At this stage there is no scientific consensus about the effect of density. Urban connectivity appears to play a bigger role in the diffusion of the pandemic. Important gaps are identified in the literature on the compared governance of risk and the density at the building level. More research should be directed to the evaluation of adaptation measures adopted by cities, communities and individuals. The relation between urban density and health issues should be framed in a vulnerability perspective, considering the interplay between exposure, sensitivity and the adaptive capacity of cities.

Research center :

LEMA - Local Environment Management and Analysis

Disciplines :

Architecture

Author, co-author :

Teller, Jacques ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département ArGEnCo > Urbanisme et aménagement du territoire

Language :

English

Title :

Urban density and Covid-19: towards an adaptive approach

Publication date :

2021

Journal title :

Buildings & Cities

eISSN :

2632-6655

Publisher :

Ubiquity Press, United Kingdom

Volume :

Issue :

Pages :

150-165

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Additional URL :

https://journal-buildingscities.org/articles/10.5334/bc.89/

Available on ORBi :

since 10 February 2021

Statistics

Number of views

983 (13 by ULiège)

Number of downloads

589 (8 by ULiège)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

OpenCitations

Bibliography

Acuto, M. (2020). COVID-19: Lessons for an urban(izing) world. One Earth, 2(4), 317–319. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.oneear.2020.04.004
Ali, S. H., & Keil, R. (2007). Contagious cities. Geography Compass, 1, 1207–1226. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1749-8198.2007.00060.x
Amdaoud, M., Arcuri, G., Bourdin, S., Costanzo, D., Eva, M., Iatu, C., Ibanescu, B., Jeanne, L., Levratto, N., Nadou, F., Noiret, G., & Succurro, M. (2020). Geography of COVID-19 outbreak and first policy answers in European regions and cities. European Spatial Planning Observation Network (ESPON). https://halshs. archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03046489
Angel, S., Blei, A., Lamson-Hall, P., & Salazar Tamayo, M. M. (2020). The coronavirus and the cities: Explaining variations in the onset of infection and in the number of reported cases and deaths in U.S. metropolitan areas as of 27 March 2020 (Working Paper). Maron Institute for Urban Management. https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=836895
Azevedo, J. C., Luque, S., Dobbs, C. et al. (2020). The ethics of isolation, the spread of pandemics, and landscape ecology. Landscape Ecology, 35, 2133–2140. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01092-8
Berghauser Pont, M., & Haupt, P. (2010). Spacematrix: Space, density and urban form. NAi.
Bhadra, A., Mukherjee, A., & Sarkar, K. (2020). Impact of population density on Covid 19 infected and mortality rate in India. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-00984-7
Biglieri, S., De Vidovich, L., & Keil, R. (2020). City as the core of contagion? Repositioning COVID-19 at the social and spatial periphery of urban society. Cities & Health. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.202 0.1788320
Borjas, G. J. (2020). Demographic determinants of testing incidence and Covid-19 infections in New York City neighborhoods (Working Paper Series No. 26952). National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3386/w26952
Boterman, W. R. (2020). Urban‐rural polarisation in times of the Corona outbreak? The early demographic and geographic patterns of the SARS‐CoV‐2 epidemic in the Netherlands. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 111(3), 513–529. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/tesg.12437
Brainard, J. (2020). Scientists are drowning in COVID-19 papers. Can new tools keep them afloat? Science, May 13. https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/05/scientists-are-drowning-covid-19-papers-can-new-tools-keep-them-afloat. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc7839
Bryant, P., & Elofsson, A. (2020). Estimating the impact of mobility patterns on COVID-19 infection rates in 11 European countries. medRxiv. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9879
Cartenì, A., Francesco, L. D., & Martino, M. (2020). How mobility habits influenced the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from the Italian case study. Science of The Total Environment, 741, 140489. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140489
Chang, S., Pierson, E., Wei Koh, P., Gerardin, J., Redbird, B., Grusky, D., & Leskovec, J. (2020). Mobility network models of COVID-19 explain inequities and inform reopening. Nature, 589, 82–87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2923-3
Chen, T., Hui, E. C. M., Wu, J., Lang, W., & Li, X. (2019). Identifying urban spatial structure and urban vibrancy in highly dense cities using georeferenced social media data. Habitat International, 89, 102005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2019.102005
Connolly, C., Keil, R., & Ali, S. H. (2021). Extended urbanisation and the spatialities of infectious disease: Demographic change, infrastructure and governance. Urban Studies, 58(2), 245–263. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1177/0042098020910873
Fang, W., & Wahba, S. (2020). Urban density is not an enemy in the coronavirus fight: Evidence from China. World Bank Sustainable Cities Blog. https://blogs.worldbank.org/sustainablecities/urban-density-not-enemy-coronavirus-fight-evidence-china
Feng, Y., Li, Q., Tong, X., Wang, R., Zhai, S., Gao, C. Lei, Z., Chen, S., Zhou, Y., Wang, J., Yan, X., Xie, H., Chen, P., Liu, S., Xv, X., Liu, S., Jin, Y., Wang, C., Hong, Z., Luan, K., Wei, C., Xu, J., Jiang, H., Xiao, C., & Guo, Y. (2020). Spatiotemporal spread pattern of the COVID-19 cases in China. Research Square preprint. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-32520/v1
Ferrari, A., Santus, E., Cirillo, D., Ponce-de-Leon, M., Marino, N., Ferretti, M. T., Santuccione Chadha, A., Mavridis, N., & Valencia, A. (2020). Simulating SARS-CoV-2 epidemics by region-specific variables and modeling contact tracing App containment. medRxiv. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.14.20101675v3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.14.20101675
Flanagan, B. E., Gregory, E. W., Hallisey, E. J., Heitgerd, J. L., & Lewis, B. (2011). A social vulnerability index for disaster management. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 8(1), 1–22. https://svi.cdc.gov/A%20Social%20Vulnerability%20Index%20for%20Disaster%20Management.pdf. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2202/1547-7355.1792
Florida, R. (2020). The geography of coronavirus. Bloomberg CityLab.
Giles-Corti, B., Vernez-Moudon, A., Reis, R., Turrell, G., Dannenberg, A. L., Badland, H., Foster, S., Lowe, M., Sallis, J. F., Stevenson, M., & Owen, N. (2016). City planning and population health: A global challenge. Lancet, 388(10062), 2912–2924. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30066-6
Gupte, J., & Mitlin, D. (2020). COVID-19: What is not being addressed. Environment and Urbanization, 1–18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247820963961
Hamidi, S., Sabouri, S., & Ewing, R. (2020). Does density aggravate the COVID-19 pandemic? Journal of the American Planning Association, 86(4), 495–509. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2020.177 7891
Hesse, M., & Rafferty, M. (2020). Relational cities disrupted: Reflections on the particular geographies of COVID‐19 for small but global urbanisation in Dublin, Ireland, and Luxembourg City, Luxembourg. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 111(3), 451–464. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/tesg.12432
Hooper, M. (2018). Flatulence, filth, and urban form: Do primes for hygiene influence perceptions of urban density? Journal of Planning Education and Research, 1–14. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1177/0739456X18805546 Jamshidi, S., Baniasad, M., & Niyogi, D. (2020). Global to USA county scale analysis of weather, urban density, mobility, homestay, and mask use on COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research in Public Health, 1–17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217847
Kates, R. W., Travis, W. R., & Wilbanks, T. J. (2012). Transformational adaptation when incremental adaptations to climate change are insufficient. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 109(19), 7156–7161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1115521109
Keenan, J. M. (2020). COVID, resilience, and the built environment. Environment Systems & Decisions, 40, 216–221. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-020-09773-0
Lam Chung, C. K., Xu, J., & Zhang, M. (2020) Geographies of Covid-19: How space and virus shape each other. Asian Geographer, 37(2), 99–116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10225706.2020.1767423
Lin, C., Lau, A. K. H., Fung, J. C. H., Guo, C., Chan, J. W. M., Yeung, D. W., Zhang, Y., Bo, Y., Hossain, M. S., Zeng, Y., & Lao, X. Q. (2020). A mechanism-based parameterisation scheme to investigate the association between transmission rate of COVID-19 and meteorological factors on plains in China. Science of The Total Environment, 737, 140348. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140348
McKinney, K. R., Yu, Y. G., & Lewis, T. G. (2006). Environmental transmission of SARS at Amoy Gardens. Journal of Environmental Health, 68(9), 26–30. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16696450/
McPhearson, T., Grabowski, Z., Herreros-Cantis, P., Mustafa, A., Ortiz, L., Kennedy, C., Tomateo, C., Lopez, B., Olivotto, V., & Vantu, A. (2020). Pandemic injustice: Spatial and social distributions of the first wave of COVID-19 in the US epicenter. Journal of Extreme Events. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31124/advance.13256240.v1
Neiderud, C.-J. (2015). How urbanization affects the epidemiology of emerging infectious diseases. Infection Ecology & Epidemiology, 5(1), 27060. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/iee.v5.27060
Owen, N., Humpel, N., Leslie, E., Bauman, A., & Sallis, J. F. (2004). Understanding environmental influences on walking; Review and research agenda. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 27, 67–76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2004.03.006
Pierantoni, I., Pierantozzi, M., & Sargolini, M. (2020). COVID 19—A qualitative review for the reorganization of human living environments. Applied Science, 10, 5576. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app10165576
Pinheiro, M. D., & Luís, N. C. (2020). COVID-19 could leverage a sustainable built environment. Sustainability, 12, 5863. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145863
Pluchino, A., Inturri, G., Rapisarda, A., Biondo, A. E., Moli, R. L., Zappala, C., Giuffrida, N., Russo, G., & Latora, V. (2020). A novel methodology for epidemic risk assessment: The case of COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.02739
Qiu, Y., Chen, X., & Shi, W. (2020). Impacts of social and economic factors on the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. Journal of Population Economics, 33, 1127–1172. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1007/s00148-020-00778-2
Reyes, R., Ahn, R., Thurber, K., & Burke, T. F. (2013). Urbanization and infectious diseases: General principles, historical perspectives, and contemporary challenges. In I. W. Fong (Ed.), Challenges in infectious diseases (pp. 123–146). Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4496-1_4
Rodriguez-Villamizar, L. A., Belalcázar-Ceron, L. C., Fernández-Niño, J. A., Marín-Pineda, D. M., Rojas-Sánchez, O. A., Acuña-Merchán, L. A., Ramírez-García, N., Mangones-Matos, S. C., Vargas-González, J. M., Herrera-Torres, J., Agudelo-Castañeda, D. M., Piñeros Jiménez, J. G., Rojas-Roa, N. Y., & Herrera-Galindo, V. M. (2020). Air pollution, sociodemographic and health conditions effects on COVID-19 mortality in Colombia: An ecological study. Science of The Total Environment, 756, 144020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144020
Rodwin, V. G., & Gusmano, M. K. (2002). The World Cities Project: Rationale, organization, and design for comparison of megacity health systems. Journal of Urban Health, 79(4), 445–463. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1093/jurban/79.4.445
Sharifi, A., & Khavarian-Garmsir, A. R. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic: Impacts on cities and major lessons for urban planning, design, and management. Science of The Total Environment, 749, 142391. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142391
Sigler, T., Mahmuda, S., Kimpton, A., Loginova, J., Wohland-Jakhar, P., Charles-Edwards, E., & Corcoran, J. (2020). The socio-spatial determinants of COVID-19 diffusion: The impact of globalisation, settlement characteristics and population. Globalization and Health. https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-33615/v1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-49170/v1
Sirkeci, I., & Yücesahin, M. M. (2020). Coronavirus and migration: Analysis of human mobility and the spread of Covid-19. Migration Letters, 17(2), 379–398. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33182/ml.v17i2.935
Stier, A. J., Berman, M. G., & Bettencourt, L. M. A. (2020). COVID-19 attack rate increases with city size. medRxiv. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.22.20041004v2. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1101/2020.03.22.20041004
Su, S., Pi, J., Xie, H., Cai, Z., & Weng, M. (2017). Community deprivation, walkability, and public health: Highlighting the social inequalities in land use planning for health promotion. Land Use Policy, 67, 315–326. https://isiarticles.com/bundles/Article/pre/pdf/150991.pdf. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. landusepol.2017.06.005
Sugiyama, T., Chandrabose, M., Homer, A. R., Sugiyama, M., Dunstan, D. W., & Owen, N. (2020). Car use and cardiovascular disease risk: Systematic review and implications for transport research. Journal of Transport & Health, 19, 100930. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2020.100930
Teixeira da Silva, J. A., Tsigaris, P., & Erfanmanesh, M. (2021). Publishing volumes in major databases related to Covid-19. Scientometrics, 126, 831–842. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03675-3
UN. (2018). Report of the special rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living, and on the right to non-discrimination in this context. United Nations (UN).
Vlahov, D., Galea, S., & Freudenberg, N. (2005). The urban health ‘advantage’. Journal of Urban Health, 82(1), 1–4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jurban/jti001
Wang, H., & Yang, Y. (2019). Neighbourhood walkability: A review and bibliometric analysis. Cities, 93, 43-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.04.015
Wells, C. R., Sah, P., Moghadas, S. M., Pandey, A., Shoukat, A., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Meyers, L. A., Singer, B. H., & Galvani, A. P. (2020). Impact of international travel and border control measures on the global spread of the novel 2019 coronavirus outbreak. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 117, 7504–7509. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2002616117
Whittle, R. S., & Diaz-Artiles, A. (2020). An ecological study of socioeconomic predictors in detection of COVID-19 cases across neighborhoods in New York City. BMC Medicine, 18(1), article 271, 1–17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01731-6
WHO. (2020). COVID-19 weekly epidemiological update—10 November 2020 (Internal Report). World Health Organization (WHO).
Zhang, C. H., & Schwartz, G. G. (2020). Spatial disparities in coronavirus incidence and mortality in the United States: An ecological analysis as of May 2020. Journal of Rural Health, 36(3), 433–445. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1111/jrh.12476