gravitational lensing: strong; methods: numerical; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: formation; Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics; Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract :
[en] In this paper we introduce the SEAGLE (i.e. Simulating EAGLE LEnses) programme, which approaches the study of galaxy formation through strong gravitational lensing, using a suite of high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations, Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments (EAGLE) project. We introduce the simulation and analysis pipeline and present the first set of results from our analysis of early-type galaxies. We identify and extract an ensemble of simulated lens galaxies and use the GLAMER ray-tracing lensing code to create mock lenses similar to those observed in the Sloan Lens ACS Survey (SLACS) and SL2S surveys, using a range of source parameters and galaxy orientations, including observational effects such as the point spread function, pixelization, and noise levels, representative of single-orbit observations with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) using the ACS-F814W filter. We subsequently model these mock lenses using the code LENSED, treating them in the same way as observed lenses. We also estimate the mass model parameters directly from the projected surface mass density of the simulated galaxy, using an identical mass model family. We perform a three-way comparison of all the measured quantities with real lenses. We find the average total density slope of EAGLE lenses, t=2.26 (0.25 rms) to be higher than SL2S, t = 2.16 or SLACS, t = 2.08. We find a very strong correlation between the external shear (γ) and the complex ellipticity (∊), with γ ∼ ∊/4. This correlation indicates a degeneracy in the lens mass modelling. We also see a dispersion between lens modelling and direct fitting results, indicating systematical biases.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Mukherjee, Sampath ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Origines Cosmologiques et Astrophysiques (OrCa)
Koopmans, Léon V. E.; Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, NL-9700 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
Metcalf, R. Benton; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, via Gobetti 93/2, I-40129 Bologna, Italy ; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, via Gobetti 93/3, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
Tessore, Nicolas; Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of Manchester, Alan Turing Building, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
Tortora, Crescenzo; Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, NL-9700 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
Schaller, Matthieu; Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
Schaye, Joop; Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
Crain, Robert A.; Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
Vernardos, Georgios; Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, NL-9700 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
Bellagamba, Fabio; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, via Gobetti 93/2, I-40129 Bologna, Italy ; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, via Gobetti 93/3, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
Theuns, Tom; Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK)
Language :
English
Title :
SEAGLE - I. A pipeline for simulating and modelling strong lenses from cosmological hydrodynamic simulations
Fall S. M., 1983, in Athanassoula E., ed., Proc. IAU Symp. 100, Internal Kinematics and Dynamics of Galaxies. Reidel, Dordrecht, p. 391
Feroz F., Hobson M. P., 2008, MNRAS, 384, 449
Feroz F., Hobson M. P., Bridges M., 2009, MNRAS, 398, 1601
Feroz F., Hobson M. P., Cameron E., Pettitt A. N., 2013, preprint (arXiv: 1306.2144)
Frenk C. S., White S. D. M., Efstathiou G., Davis M., 1985, Nature, 317, 595
Frenk C. S. et al., 1999, ApJ, 525, 554
Fukugita M., Peebles P. J. E., 2006, ApJ, 639, 590
Furlong M. et al., 2015, MNRAS, 450, 4486
Furlong M. et al., 2017, MNRAS, 465, 722
Gao L., White S. D. M., Jenkins A., Stoehr F., Springel V., 2004, MNRAS, 355, 819
Gavazzi R., Treu T., Rhodes J. D., Koopmans L. V. E., Bolton A. S., Burles S., Massey R. J., Moustakas L. A., 2007, ApJ, 667, 176
Gavazzi R., Treu T., Koopmans L. V. E., Bolton A. S., Moustakas L. A., Burles S., Marshall P. J., 2008, ApJ, 677, 1046
Gavazzi R., Treu T., Marshall P. J., Brault F., Ruff A., 2012, ApJ, 761, 170
Gavazzi R., Marshall P. J., Treu T., Sonnenfeld A., 2014, ApJ, 785, 144
Gunn J. E., Gott J. R., III, 1972, ApJ, 176, 1
Kazantzidis S., Zentner A. R., Kravtsov A. V., 2006, ApJ, 641, 647
Koopmans L. V. E., Treu T., Bolton A. S., Burles S., Moustakas L. A., 2006, ApJ, 649, 599
Koopmans L. V. E. et al., 2009, ApJ, 703, L51
Kormann R., Schneider P., Bartelmann M., 1994, A&A, 284, 285
Laureijs R. et al., 2011, preprint (arXiv:1110.3193)
Le Brun A. M. C.,McCarthy I. G., Schaye J., Ponman T. J., 2014, MNRAS, 441, 1270
Lemson G., Springel V., 2006, in Gabriel C., Arviset C., Ponz D., Enrique S., eds, ASP Conf. Ser. Vol. 351, Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems XV. Astron. Soc. Pac., San Francisco, p. 212
Loeb A., Peebles P. J. E., 2003, ApJ, 589, 29
Marshall P. J. et al., 2007, ApJ, 671, 1196
McAlpine S. et al., 2016, Astron. Comput., 15, 72
Metcalf R. B., Petkova M., 2014, MNRAS, 445, 1942
Moore B., Ghigna S., Governato F., Lake G., Quinn T., Stadel J., 1998, in Zaritsky D., ed., ASP Conf. Ser. Vol. 136, Galactic Halos. Astron. Soc. Pac., San Francisco, p. 426
Navarro J. F., Frenk C. S., White S. D. M., 1996, ApJ, 462, 563
Nelder J. A., Mead R., 1965, Comput. J., 7, 308
Newton E. R., Marshall P. J., Treu T., Auger M. W., Gavazzi R., Bolton A. S., Koopmans L. V. E., Moustakas L. A., 2011, ApJ, 734, 104
Ostriker J. P., Hausman M. A., 1977, ApJ, 217, L125
Peebles P. J. E., 1982, ApJ, 263, L1
Petkova M., Metcalf R. B., Giocoli C., 2014, MNRAS, 445, 1954
Planck Collaboration XVI, 2014, A&A, 571, A16
Press W. H., Schechter P., 1974, ApJ, 187, 425
Remus R.-S., Dolag K., Naab T., Burkert A., Hirschmann M., Hoffmann T. L., Johansson P. H., 2017, MNRAS, 464, 3742
Ruff A. J., Gavazzi R.,Marshall P. J., Treu T., Auger M. W., Brault F., 2011, ApJ, 727, 96
Rusin D., Kochanek C. S., 2005, ApJ, 623, 666
Rusin D. et al., 2003a, ApJ, 587, 143
Rusin D., Kochanek C. S., Keeton C. R., 2003b, ApJ, 595, 29
Sand D. J., Treu T., Smith G. P., Ellis R. S., 2004, ApJ, 604, 88
Schaller M. et al., 2015a, MNRAS, 451, 1247
Schaller M., Dalla Vecchia C., Schaye J., Bower R. G., Theuns T., Crain R. A., Furlong M., McCarthy I. G., 2015b, MNRAS, 454, 2277
Schaye J. et al., 2010, MNRAS, 402, 1536
Schaye J. et al., 2015, MNRAS, 446, 521
Schweizer F., 1982, ApJ, 252, 455
Searle L., Zinn R., 1978, ApJ, 225, 357
Segers M. C., Schaye J., Bower R. G., Crain R. A., Schaller M., Theuns T., 2016, MNRAS, 461, L102
Sersic J. L., 1968, Atlas de galaxias australes
Shu Y. et al., 2015, ApJ, 803, 71
Shu Y. et al., 2017, ApJ, 851, 48
Skilling J., 2006, Bayesian Anal., 1, 833
Sonnenfeld A., Gavazzi R., Suyu S. H., Treu T., Marshall P. J., 2013a, ApJ, 777, 97
Sonnenfeld A., Treu T., Gavazzi R., Suyu S. H., Marshall P. J., Auger M. W., Nipoti C., 2013b, ApJ, 777, 98
Sonnenfeld A., Treu T., Marshall P. J., Suyu S. H., Gavazzi R., Auger M. W., Nipoti C., 2015, ApJ, 800, 94
Springel V., 2010, MNRAS, 401, 791
Springel V., Yoshida N., White S. D. M., 2001, New Astron., 6, 79
