[en] As humanity continues to alter the environment extensively, comprehending the effect of anthro- pogenic disturbances on the health, survival, and fitness of wildlife is a crucial question for conservation science. Many primate populations occupy suboptimal habitats prone to diverse anthropogenic disturbances that may be sources of acute and chronic stress. Quantification of glucocorticoid (GC) concentrations has repeatedly been used to explore the impact of disturbances on physiological stress. Although it is still debated, prolonged elevation of GC levels may impair reproduction, growth, and immune system activity of individuals. We quantified the effect of anthropogenic disturbances on physiological stress in primates with a global meta-analysis based on data from 26 articles, covering 24 distinct species in 13 different countries. Anthropogenic disturbances were classified into 6 distinct categories: habitat loss, habitat degradation, ongoing logging, hunting, tourism, and other human activities. We calculated effect sizes (Hedges’ g) with the standardized mean difference in GC concentrations between primates affected by human activity and their undisturbed conspecifics. We ran random-effects models and subgroup analyses to estimate the overall effect as well as a cumulative effect size for each disturbance category. Overall, primates inhabiting sites subject to anthropogenic disturbances exhibited significantly higher GC levels (g = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.28–0.93). Habitat loss and hunting were overall associated with increased GC con- centrations, whereas the cumulative effects of the other disturbances were not statistically significant. Biologically, high GC levels may increase fitness by enabling individuals to overcome the challenges linked to anthropogenic disturbances. However, primates in disturbed environments may have sustained elevated GC levels. To strengthen future research, it is necessary to control confounding factors systematically (e.g., diet, reproductive status, preda- tory pressure, and resource availability) and improve understanding of the link between GC levels and the health, fitness, and survival of animals.
Research Center/Unit :
Sphères - SPHERES Laboratório de Primatologia
Disciplines :
Environmental sciences & ecology Zoology Anatomy (cytology, histology, embryology...) & physiology Veterinary medicine & animal health
Author, co-author :
Kaisin, Olivier ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution > Biologie du comportement - Ethologie et psychologie animale
Fuzessy, Lisieux; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) > Departamento de Zoologia > Laboratório de Primatologia
Poncin, Pascal ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution > Biologie du comportement - Ethologie et psychologie animale
Brotcorne, Fany ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution > Biologie du comportement - Ethologie et psychologie animale
Culot, Laurence; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) > Departamento de Zoologia > Laboratório de Primatologia
Language :
English
Title :
A meta-analysis of anthropogenic impacts on physiological stress in wild primates
Publication date :
2020
Journal title :
Conservation Biology
ISSN :
0888-8892
eISSN :
1523-1739
Publisher :
Blackwell, Oxford, United Kingdom
Volume :
35
Issue :
1
Pages :
101-114
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Name of the research project :
Physiological and behavioural responses to habitat quality by black lion tamarins in Brazilian Atlantic Forest.
Funders :
F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique FAPESP - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
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