[en] After its recent introduction to Chile, the aphid Chaitophorus leucomelas Koch is
becoming a serious pest affecting commercial poplar, Populus spp., plantations. The pattern of natural
infestation of C. leucomelas among poplar hybrids with different pedigrees and the aphid intrinsic rate
of increase (rm), of C. leucomelas were assessed in the Þeld. In most of the hybrids, aphid abundance
peaked in March (late summer). Among 12 types of poplar crosses, [(P. trichocarpa Torr. & Gray
P. deltoides Bartram ex Marshall) (P. trichocarpa P. deltoides)] and [(P. trichocarpa P. maximowiczii
Henry) P. maximowiczii] showed the highest and lowest aphid densities, respectively. A
trend to Þnd more aphids in branch bases was apparent. The intrinsic rate of C. leucomelas increase
was higher in [(P. trichocarpa P. deltoides) P. deltoides] hybrids, and lower in [(P. trichocarpa
P. maximowiczii) P. trichocarpa] hybrids. Aphid density and performance were higher in hybrids
with P. deltoides parentage, whereas hybrids with P. maximowiczii parentage showed lower aphid
densities and performance. Hybrids with P. nigra L. parentage, namely, [P. trichocarpa P. nigra],
also had high aphid density, but aphid performance was lower compared with hybrids with P. deltoides
parentage. These results suggest that among poplar hybrids studied, susceptibility to C. leucomelas is
inherited through P. deltoides, whereas resistance seems to be inherited through P. maximowiczii.
Thus, P. maximowiczii hybrids are recommended for commercial or ornamental planting programs in
zones where there is a high risk of aphid infestation.
Disciplines :
Entomologie & lutte antiravageur
Auteur, co-auteur :
Ramírez, Claudio; Universidad de Talca- UTALCA > Instituto de Biología Vegetal y Biotecnología, Talca, CHILE
Zamudio, Francisco; Universidad de Talca- UTALCA > Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Talca, CHILE
Bingaman, B. R., and E. R. Hart. 1992. Feeding and oviposition preferences of adult cotton wood leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) among Populus clones and leaf age classes. Environ. Entomol. 21: 508-517.
Chaman, M. E., S. V. Copaja, and V. H. Argandona. 2003. Relationships between salicylic acid content, phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) activity, and resistance of barley to aphid infestation. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51: 2227-2231.
Coleman, J. S., and C. G. Jones. 1988. Acute ozone stress on eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) and the pest potential of the aphid, Chaitophorus populicola Thomas (Homoptera: Aphididae). Environ. Entomol. 17: 207-212.
Coyle, D. R., J. D. McMillin, R. B. Hall, and E. R. Hart. 2001. Cottonwood leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) larval performance on eight Populus clones. Environ. Entomol. 30: 748-756.
Fischer, M. K., and A. W. Shingleton. 2001. Host plant and ants influence the honeydew sugar composition of aphids. Funct. Ecol. 15: 544-550.
Floate, K. D., and T. G. Whitham. 1993. The "hybrid bridge" hypothesis: host shifting via plant hybrid swarms. Am. Nat. 141: 651-662.
Floate, K. D., M.J.C. Kearsley, and T. G. Whitham. 1993. Elevated herbivory in plant hybrid zones: Chrysomela confluens, Populus and phenological sinks. Ecology 74: 2056-2065.
Fritz, R. S., C. Moulia, and G. Newcombe. 1999. Resistance of hybrid plants and animals to herbivores, pathogens, and parasites. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 30: 565-591.
Glinwood, R. T., and J. Pettersson. 2000. Change in response of Rhopalosiphum padi spring migrants to the repellent winter host component methyl salicylate. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 94: 325-330.
Goffreda, J. C., M. A. Mutschler, and W. M. Tingey. 1988. Feeding-behavior of potato aphid affected by glandular trichomes of wild tomato. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 48: 101-107.
Gonzales, W. L., C. C. Ramirez, N. Olea, and H. M. Niemeyer. 2002. Host plant changes produced by the aphid Sipha flava: consequences for aphid feeding behaviour and growth. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 103: 107-113.
James, R. R., and G. Newcombe. 2000. Defoliation patterns and genetics of insect resistance in cottonwoods. Can. J. For. Res. 30: 85-90.
Johnson, A. W., V. A. Sisson, M. E. Snook, B. A. Fortnum, and D. M. Jackson. 2002. Aphid resistance and leaf surface chemistry of sugar ester producing tobaccos. J. Entomol. Sci. 37: 154-165.
Kearsley, M.J.C., and T. G. Whitham. 1998. The developmental stream of cottonwoods affects ramet growth and resistance to galling aphids. Ecology 79: 178-191.
Klein-Koch, C., and D.F. Waterhouse. 2000. The distribution and importance of arthropods associated with agriculture and forestry in Chile. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Monograph Series, Canberra, Australia.
Kruse, J. J., and K. F. Raffa. 1996. Effects of hybrid poplar (Salicaceae) clone and henology on gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) performance in Wisconsin. Great Lakes Entomol. 29: 121-127.
Larson, K. C., and T. G. Whitham. 1997. Competition between gall aphids and natural host plant sinks: plant architecture affects resistance to galling. Oecologia (Berl.) 109: 575-582.
Legrand, A., and P. Barbosa. 2000. Pea aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) fecundity, rate of increase, and within-plant distribution unaffected by plant morphology. Environ. Entomol. 29: 987-993.
Mattson, W.J., E.R. Hart, and W.J.A. Volney. 2001. Insect pests of Populus: coping with the inevitable, pp. 219-248. In D. I. Dickmann, J. G. Isebrands, J. E. Eckenwalder, and J. Richardson [eds.], Poplar culture in North America, Part A. NRC Press, Ottawa, Canada.
Merritt, S. Z. 1996. Within-plant variation in concentrations of amino acids, sugar, and sinigrin in phloem sap of black mustard, Brassica nigra (L) Koch (Cruciferae). J. Chem. Ecol. 22: 1133-1145.
Miller, H. R., T. L., Randolph, and F. B. Peairs. 2003. Categories of resistance at four growth stages in three wheats resistant to the Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae). J. Econ. Entomol. 96: 673-679.
Muñoz, R. I. and M. Beeche. 1995. Data on two recently cited species for Chile (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae, Aphididae). Rev. Chil. Entomol. 22: 89-91.
Newcombe, G. 1996. The specificity of fungal pathogens of Populus, pp. 223-246. In R. F. Stettler, H. D. Bradshaw, P. E. Heilman, and T. M. Hinckley [eds.], Biology of Populus: implications for management and conservation. NRC Press, Ottawa, Canada.
Newman, L., S. Strand, J. Duffy, G. Ekuan, M. Raszaj, B. Shurtleff, J. Wilmoth, P. Heilman, and M. Gordon. 1997. Uptake and biotransformation of trichloroethylene by hybrid poplars. Environ. Sci. Tech. 31: 1062-1067.
Paige, K. N., and W. C. Capman. 1993. The effects of host-plant genotype, hybridization and environment on gall aphid attack and survival in cottonwood: the importance of genetic studies and the utility of RFLP's. Evolution 47: 36-45.
Powell, G., S. P. Maniar, J. A. Pickett, and J. Hardie. 1999. Aphid responses to non-host epicuticular lipids. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 91: 115-123.
Robison, D. J., and K. F. Raffa. 1994. Characterization of hybrid poplar clones for resistance to the forest tent caterpillar. For. Sci. 40: 686-714.
Sandstrom, J., A. Telang, and N. A. Moran. 2000. Nutritional enhancement of host plants by aphids - a comparison of three aphid species on grasses. J. Insect Physiol. 46: 33-40.
Sanhueza, A., M. Bourke, I. Chacón, and F. Schultz. 1998. Cultivo del Alamo (Populus spp.). Monografias CONAF. Santiago, Chile.
Shepherd, T., G. W. Robertson, D. W. Griffiths, and A.N.E. Birch. 1999. Epicuticular wax composition in relation to aphid infestation and resistance in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.). Phytochemistry 52: 1239-1254.
Solomon, J. D. 1985. Impact of insects on growth and development of young cottonwood plantations. USDA-FS General Technical Report SO-217.
StatSoft, Inc. 1999. Statistica for Windows. Computer program manual). Statsoft, Inc. Tulsa, OK.
Stettler, R. F., L. Zsuffa, and R. Wu. 1996. The role of hybridization in the genetic manipulation of Populus, pp. 87-112. In R. F. Stettler, H. D. Bradshaw, P. E. Heilman, and T. M. Hinckley [eds.], Biology of Populus: implications for management and conservation. NRC Press, Ottawa, Canada.
Stone, B. S., R. A. Shufran, G.E. Wilde. 2000. Life history study of multiple clones of insecticide resistant and susceptible greenbug Schizaphis graminum (Homoptera: Aphididae). J. Econ. Entomol. 93: 971-974.
Telang, A., J. Sandström, E. Dyresonand, and N. A. Moran. 1999. Feeding damage by Diuraphis noxia results in a nutritionally enhanced phloem diet. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 91: 403-412.
[U.S. EPA] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1999. Biological aspects of hybrid poplar cultivation on floodplains in western North America: a review, EPA Document 910-R-99-002.
Vonesh, E. F., and V. M. Chinchilli. 1997. Linear and non-linear models for the analysis of repeated measures. Marcel Dekker, New York.
Whitham, T. G. 1989. Plant hybrid zones as sinks for pests. Science (Wash. DC) 244: 1490-1493.
Whitham, T. G., K. D. Floate, G. D. Martinsen, E. M. Driebe, and P. Keim. 1996. Ecological and evolutionary implications of hybridization: Populus-herbivore interactions, pp. 247-275. In R. F. Stettler, H. D. Bradshaw, P. E. Heilman, and T. M. Hinckley [eds.], Biology of Populus: implications for management and conservation. NRC Press, Ottawa, Canada.
Wilson, L. F., and L. M. Moore. 1986. Preference for some nursery-grown hybrid Populus trees by the spotted poplar aphid and its suppression by insecticidal soaps. Great Lakes Entomol. 19: 21-26.
Wimp, G. M., and T. G. Whitham. 2001. Biodiversity consequences of predation and host plant hybridization on an aphid-ant mutualism. Ecology 82: 440-452.
Wyatt, I. J., and P. F. White. 1977. Simple estimation of intrinsic increase rates for aphids and tetranychid mites. J. Appl. Ecol. 14: 757-766.
Zamudio, F., I. Chacon, and F. Guerra. 2003. Estrategia de mejoramiento del género Populus en Chile. Univ. de Talca, Chile.
Zsuffa, L., E. Giordano, L. D. Pryor, and R. F. Stettler. 1996. Trends in poplar culture: some global and regional perspectives, pp. 515-539. In R. F. Stettler, H. D. Bradshaw, P. E. Heilman, and T. M. Hinckley [eds.], Biology of Populus: implications for management and conservation. NRC Press, Ottawa, Canada.
