Green et al. Paranoid Thougt Scale; social reference; persecution; rumination; thought suppression
Abstract :
[en] Introduction: Positive psychotic symptoms are suggested to be more prevalent in early adulthood. However, no previous study has examined a potential age effect especially for paranoia considering social reference and persecution as separated hierarchical dimension. Moreover, no previous study has examined the mechanisms involved in the decrease of paranoia with age. This study aims to explore (1) the age effect on paranoia and (2) whether the age effect is mediated by maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (MERS). Methods: A sample of 1644 participants from the general population completed the Green et al., Paranoid Thoughts Scale with measures of MERS and was split into three age groups (18– 29; 30–54; 55–82). Results: Age groups comparisons revealed a significant decrease of social reference with age but not of persecution. Mediation analyses indicated that this age effect was partially mediated by MERS. Additional analyses suggested that social reference moderated the relation between age and persecution. Conclusions: The present study showed that social reference and persecution are not equally affected by age and that MERS are important factors to consider when trying to understand the nature of paranoia. Finally, a younger age and the use of MERS
are suggested to be risk factors for developing paranoia.
Disciplines :
Theoretical & cognitive psychology
Author, co-author :
Della Libera, Clara ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Psychologie > Psychologie clinique cognitive et comportementale
Laroi, Frank ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Psychologie > Département de Psychologie
Raffard, Stéphane
Quertemont, Etienne ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Doyen de la Fac. de Psych., Logopédie et Sc. de l'Education
Laloyaux, Julien ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Scientifiques attachés au Doyen (FPLSE)
Language :
English
Title :
Exploration of the paranoia hierarchy in the general population: evidence of an age effect mediated by maladaptive emotion regulation strategies
Alternative titles :
[en] Exploration de la hiérarchie de la paranoia dans la populatiion générale : évidence d'un effet d'âge médié par des stratégies de régulation des émotions dysfonctionnelles
scite shows how a scientific paper has been cited by providing the context of the citation, a classification describing whether it supports, mentions, or contrasts the cited claim, and a label indicating in which section the citation was made.
Bibliography
Bebbington, P.E., McBride, O., Steel, C., Kuipers, E., Radovanoviĉ, M., Brugha, T., Jenkins, R., Freeman, D., The structure of paranoia in the general population (2013) British Journal of Psychiatry, 202 (6), pp. 419-427. , https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.112.119032
Bell, V., O’Driscoll, C., The network structure of paranoia in the general population (2018) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 53 (7), pp. 737-744. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-018-1487-0
Carmichael, C.L., Reis, H.T., Duberstein, P.R., In your 20s it’s quantity, in your 30s it’s quality: The prognostic value of social activity across 30 years of adulthood (2015) Psychology and Aging, 30 (1), pp. 95-105. , https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000014
Carstensen, L.L., Social and emotional patterns in adulthood: Support for socioemotional selectivity theory (1992) Psychology and Aging, 7 (3), pp. 331-338. , https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.7.3.331
Carstensen, L.L., Evidence for a life-span theory of socioemotional selectivity (1995) Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4 (5), pp. 151-156. , https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep11512261
Černis, E., Dunn, G., Startup, H., Kingdon, D., Wingham, G., Evans, N., Lister, R., Freeman, D., The perseverative thinking questionnaire in patients with persecutory at (2016) Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 44 (4), pp. 472-481. , https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465815000533
Diamantopoulos, A., Siguaw, J.A., (2013) Introducing LISREL: A guide for the uninitiated, , Sage
Erskine, J.A.K., Kvavilashvili, L., Kornbrot, D.E., The predictors of thought suppression in young and old adults: Effects of rumination, anxiety, and other variables (2007) Personality and Individual Differences, 42 (6), pp. 1047-1057. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.09.016
Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Chan, R.C.K., Debbané, M., Cicero, D., Zhang, L.C., Brenner, C., Barkus, E., Ortuño-Sierra, J., Comparisons of schizotypal traits across 12 countries: Results from the international consortium for schizotypy research (2018) Schizophrenia Research, 199, pp. 128-134. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2018.03.021, …
Freeman, D., Suspicious minds: The psychology of persecutory delusions (2007) Clinical Psychology Review, 27 (4), pp. 425-457. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2006.10.004
Freeman, D., Garety, P., Comments on the content of persecutory delusions: Does the definition need clarification? (2000) British Journal of Psychiatry, 39 (4), pp. 407-414. , https://doi.org/10.1348/014466500163400
Freeman, D., Garety, P., Bebbington, P., Smith, B., Rollinson, R., Fowler, D., Kuipers, E., Dunn, G., Psychological investigation of the structure of paranoia in a non-clinical population (2005) British Journal of Psychiatry, 186 (5), pp. 427-435. , https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.186.5.427
Freeman, D., Garety, P.A., Kuipers, E., Fowler, D., Bebbington, P.E., A cognitive model of persecutory delusions (2002) British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41 (4), pp. 331-347. , https://doi.org/10.1348/014466502760387461
Freeman, D., McManus, S., Brugha, T., Meltzer, H., Jenkins, R., Bebbington, P., Concomitants of paranoia in the general population (2011) Psychological Medicine, 41 (5), pp. 923-936. , https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291710001546
Freeman, D., Pugh, K., Antley, A., Slater, M., Bebbington, P., Gittins, M., Dunn, G., Garety, P., Virtual reality study of paranoid thinking in the general population (2008) British Journal of Psychiatry, 192 (4), pp. 258-263. , https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.044677
Freeman, D., Pugh, K., Vorontsova, N., Antley, A., Slater, M., Testing the continuum of delusional beliefs: An experimental study using virtual reality (2010) Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 119 (1), pp. 83-92
Green, C.E.L., Freeman, D., Kuipers, E., Bebbington, P., Fowler, D., Dunn, G., Garety, P.A., Measuring ideas of persecution and social reference: The Green and al. Paranoid thought Scales (GPTS) (2008) Psychological Medicine, 38 (1), pp. 101-111. , https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291707001638
Gur, R.E., Petty, R.G., Turetsky, B.I., Gur, R.C., Schizophrenia throughout life: Sex differences in severity and profile of symptoms (1996) Schizophrenia Research, 21 (1), pp. 1-12. , https://doi.org/10.1016/0920-9964(96)00023-0
Hayes, A.F., (2013) Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis, , The Guildford Press
Hayes, A.F., Rockwood, N.J., Regression-based statistical mediation and moderation analysis in clinical research: Observations, recommendations, and implementation (2017) Behaviour Research and Therapy, 98, pp. 39-57. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.11.001
Ibáñez-Casas, I., Femia-Marzo, P., Padilla, J.-L., Green, C.E.L., de Portugal, E., Cervilla, J.A., Spanish adaptation of the Green paranoid thought Scales (2015) Psicothema, 27 (1), pp. 74-81. , https://dx.doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2014.103
Jermann, F., Billieux, J., Bizzini, L., Van der Linden, M., Bondolfi, G., Rumination-reflection questionnaire (RRQ): psychometric properties of the French translation and exploration of the relationships between the RRQ and depressive symptoms and mindfulness (2010) Poster presented at 6th World Congress of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies (WCBCT), , Boston: June
Jones, S.R., Fernyhough, C., Thought suppression and persecutory delusion-like beliefs in a nonclinical sample (2008) Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 13 (4), pp. 281-295. , https://doi.org/10.1080/13546800802087830
Jöreeskog, K.G., Sörbom, D., (1996) LISREL 8: User's reference guide., , Scientific Software International, United State of America
Lincoln, T.M., Sundag, J., Schlier, B., Karow, A., The Relevance of Emotion Regulation in Explaining Why Social Exclusion Triggers Paranoia in Individuals at Clinical High Risk of Psychosis (2018) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 44 (4), pp. 757-767
Martinelli, C., Cavanagh, K., Dudley, R.E.J., The impact of rumination on state paranoid ideation in a nonclinical sample (2013) Behavior Therapy, 44 (3), pp. 385-394. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2013.02.002
Maxwell, S.E., Cole, D.A., Bias in cross-sectional analyses of longitudinal mediation (2007) Psychological Methods, 12 (1), pp. 23-44. , https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.12.1.23
Maxwell, S.E., Cole, D.A., Mitchell, M.A., Bias in cross-sectional analyses of longitudinal mediation: Partial and complete mediation under an autoregressive model (2011) Multivariate Behavioral Research, 46 (5), pp. 816-841. , https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2011.606716
McKie, A., Askew, K., Dudley, R., An experimental investigation into the role of ruminative and mindful self-focus in non-clinical paranoia (2017) Journal of Behavior Thererapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 54, pp. 170-177. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.07.014
Nikitin, J., Freund, A.M., Feeling loved and integrated or lonely and rejected in everyday life: The role of age and social motivation (2018) Developmental Psychology, 54 (6), pp. 1186-1198. , https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000502
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Aldao, A., Gender and age differences in emotion regulation strategies and their relationship to depressive symptoms (2011) Personality and Individual Differences, 51 (6), pp. 704-708. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.06.012
Paolini, E., Moretti, P., Compton, M.T., Delusions in first-episode psychosis: Principal component analysis of twelve types of delusions and demographic and clinical correlates of resulting domains (2016) Psychiatry Research, 243, pp. 5-13. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.06.002
Peters, E., Joseph, S., Day, S., Garety, P., Measuring delusional ideation: The 21-item Peters et al. Delusions Inventory (PDI) (2004) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 30 (4), pp. 1005-1022. , https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007116
Pisano, S., Catone, G., Pascotto, A., Iuliano, R., Tiano, C., Milone, A., Masi, G., Gritti, A., Paranoid Thoughts in Adolescents with Social Anxiety Disorder (2016) Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 47 (5), pp. 792-798
Raine, A., The SPQ: A scale for the assessment of schizotypal personality based on DSM-III-R criteria (1991) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 17 (4), pp. 555-564. , https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/17.4.555
Ricarte, J., Ros, L., Serrano, J.P., Martínez-Lorca, M., Latorr, J.M., Age differences in rumination and autobiographical retrieval (2016) Aging Mental Health, 20 (10), pp. 1063-1069. , https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2015.1060944
Rietdijk, J., van Os, J., Graaf, R.D., Delespaul, P., Gaag, M.V.D., Are Social Phobia and Paranoia Related, and Which Comes First? (2009) Psychosis, 1 (1), pp. 29-38
Sartorius, N., Jablensky, A., Korten, A., Ernberg, G., Anker, M., Cooper, J.E., Day, R., Early manifestations and first-contact incidence of schizophrenia in different cultures: A preliminary report on the initial evaluation phase of the WHO collaborative study on determinants of outcome of severe mental disorders (1986) Psychological Medicine, 16 (4), pp. 909-928. , https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291700011910
Schmidt∗, R.E., Gay∗, P., Courvoisier, D., Jermann, F., Ceschi, G., David, M., Brinkmann, K., Van der Linden, M., Anatomy of the white bear suppression inventory (WBSI): A review of previous findings and a new approach (2009) Journal of Personality Assessment, 91 (4), pp. 323-330. , https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890902935738
Schultz, S.K., Miller, D.D., Oliver, S.E., Arndt, S., Flaum, M., Andreasen, N.C., The life course of schizophrenia: Age and symptom dimensions (1997) Schizophrenia Research, 23 (1), pp. 15-23. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-9964(96)00087-4
Schutters, S.I.J., Dominguez, M.-D.-G., Knappe, S., Lieb, R., van Os, J., Schruers, K.R.J., Wittchen, H.-U., The Association Between Social Phobia, Social Anxiety Cognitions and Paranoid Symptoms (2012) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 125 (3), pp. 213-227
Simpson, J., MacGregor, B., Cavanagh, K., Dudley, R.E., Safety behaviours, rumination and trait paranoia in a non-clinical sample, safety behaviours, rumination and trait paranoia in a non-clinical sample (2012) Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 3 (4), pp. 612-623. , https://doi.org/10.5127/jep.027212
Startup, M., Startup, S., On two kinds of delusion of reference (2005) Psychiatry Research, 137 (1), pp. 87-92. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2005.07.007
Sütterlin, S., Paap, M.C.S., Babic, S., Kübler, A., Vögele, C., Rumination and age: Some things get better (2012) Journal of Aging Research, 2012, pp. 1-10. , https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/267327
Thomsen, D.K., Mehlsen, M.Y., Viidik, A., Sommerlund, B., Zachariae, R., Age and gender differences in negative affect—Is there a role for emotion regulation? (2005) Personality and Individual Differences, 38 (8), pp. 1935-1946. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.12.001
Thorup, A., Waltoft, B.L., Pedersen, C.B., Mortensen, P.B., Nordentoft, M., Young males have a higher risk of developing schizophrenia: A Danish register study (2007) Psychological Medicine, 37 (4), pp. 479-484. , https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291707009944
Trapnell, P.D., Campbell, J.D., Private self-consciousness and the five-factor model of personality: Distinguishing rumination from reflection (1999) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76 (2), pp. 284-304. , https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.76.2.284
Verdoux, H., van Os, J., Maurice-Tison, S., Gay, B., Salamon, R., Bourgeois, M., Is early adulthood a critical developmental stage for psychosis proneness? A survey of delusional ideation in normal subjects (1998) Schizophrenia Research, 29 (3), pp. 247-254. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-9964(97)00095-9
Wegner, D.M., Zanakos, S., Chronic thought suppression (1994) Journal of Personality, 62 (4), pp. 615-640. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1994.tb00311.x
Westermann, S., Lincoln, T.M., Emotion Regulation Difficulties are Relevant to Persecutory Ideation (2011) Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 84 (3), pp. 273-287
Yeung, D.Y., Wong, C.K.M., Lok, D.P.P., Emotion regulation mediates age differences in emotions (2011) Aging & Mental Health, 15 (3), pp. 414-418. , https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2010.536136
Similar publications
Sorry the service is unavailable at the moment. Please try again later.
This website uses cookies to improve user experience. Read more
Save & Close
Accept all
Decline all
Show detailsHide details
Cookie declaration
About cookies
Strictly necessary
Performance
Strictly necessary cookies allow core website functionality such as user login and account management. The website cannot be used properly without strictly necessary cookies.
This cookie is used by Cookie-Script.com service to remember visitor cookie consent preferences. It is necessary for Cookie-Script.com cookie banner to work properly.
Performance cookies are used to see how visitors use the website, eg. analytics cookies. Those cookies cannot be used to directly identify a certain visitor.
Used to store the attribution information, the referrer initially used to visit the website
Cookies are small text files that are placed on your computer by websites that you visit. Websites use cookies to help users navigate efficiently and perform certain functions. Cookies that are required for the website to operate properly are allowed to be set without your permission. All other cookies need to be approved before they can be set in the browser.
You can change your consent to cookie usage at any time on our Privacy Policy page.
