Article (Scientific journals)
Macro- And microstructural changes in cosmonauts' brains after long-duration spaceflight
Jillings, Steven; Van Ombergen, A.; Tomilovskaya, E. et al.
2020In Science Advances, 6 (36)
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Keywords :
Brain; Diffusion in liquids; Image segmentation; Magnetic resonance imaging; Manned space flight; Neurophysiology; Brain structure; Cerebro spinal fluids; Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging; Long duration; Microstructural changes; Morphological changes; Neuroplasticity; Region of interest; Cerebrospinal fluid
Abstract :
[en] Long-duration spaceflight causes widespread physiological changes, although its effect on brain structure remains poorly understood. In this work, we acquired diffusion magnetic resonance imaging to investigate alterations of white matter (WM), gray matter (GM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compositions in each voxel, before, shortly after, and 7 months after long-duration spaceflight. We found increased WM in the cerebellum after spaceflight, providing the first clear evidence of sensorimotor neuroplasticity. At the region of interest level, this increase persisted 7 months after return to Earth. We also observe a widespread redistribution of CSF, with concomitant changes in the voxel fractions of adjacent GM. We show that these GM changes are the result of morphological changes rather than net tissue loss, which remained unclear from previous studies. Our study provides evidence of spaceflight-induced neuroplasticity to adapt motor strategies in space and evidence of fluid shift- induced mechanical changes in the brain. © 2020The Authors, some rights reserved.
Research center :
CHU de Liège-Centre du Cerveau² - ULiège
Disciplines :
Neurology
Author, co-author :
Jillings, Steven ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Giga Consciousness-Coma Science Group
Van Ombergen, A.;  Lab for Equilibrium Investigations and Aerospace, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, Department of Translational Neurosciences-ENT, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
Tomilovskaya, E.;  SSC RF - Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
Rumshiskaya, A.;  Radiology Department, National Medical Research Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
Litvinova, L.;  Radiology Department, National Medical Research Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
Nosikova, I.;  SSC RF - Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
Pechenkova, E.;  Laboratory for Cognitive Research, National Research University, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
Rukavishnikov, I.;  SSC RF - Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
Kozlovskaya, I. B.;  SSC RF - Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
Manko, O.;  SSC RF - Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
Danilichev, S.;  Gagarin Cosmonauts Training Center, Star City. Moscow Region, Russian Federation
Sunaert, S.;  KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational MRI, Leuven, Belgium
Parizel, P. M.;  Department of Radiology, Royal Perth Hospital and University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth, WA, Australia
Sinitsyn, V.;  Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Petrovichev, V.;  Radiology Department, National Medical Research Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
Laureys, Steven  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Giga Consciousness-Coma Science Group
Eulenburg, P.;  Institute for Neuroradiology, Ludwig-Maximilians- University Munich, Munich, Germany
Sijbers, J.;  imec-Vision Lab, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
Wuyts, F. L.;  Lab for Equilibrium Investigations and Aerospace, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
Jeurissen, B.;  imec-Vision Lab, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
More authors (10 more) Less
Language :
English
Title :
Macro- And microstructural changes in cosmonauts' brains after long-duration spaceflight
Publication date :
2020
Journal title :
Science Advances
eISSN :
2375-2548
Publisher :
American Association for the Advancement of Science
Volume :
6
Issue :
36
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Name of the research project :
Prodex
Funders :
RAS - Russian Academy of Sciences [RU]
BELSPO - Belgian Science Policy Office [BE]
FWO - Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Vlaanderen [BE]
French-Speaking Community of Belgium [BE]
BMBF - Federal Ministry of Education and Research [DE]
Funding number :
ESA Grant ISLRA 2009-1062; Russian Academy of Sciences (grant number 63.1); French Speaking Community Concerted Research Action Grant ARC06/11-340; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research Grant 01 EO 0901 (to P.z.E.); Zonta International Amelia Earhart Fellowship 2016−2017 (to A.V.O.)
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