An attempt to detect transient changes in Io's SO2 and NaCl atmosphere

Roth, L.; Boissier, J.; Moullet, A.; Sánchez-Monge, Á.; de Kleer, K.; Yoneda, M.; Hikida, R.; Kita, H.; Tsuchiya, F.; Blöcker, A.; Gladstone, G. R.; Grodent, Denis; Ivchenko, N.; Lellouch, E.; Retherford, K. D.; Saur, J.; Schilke, P.; Strobel, D.; Thorwirth, S.

doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2020.113925

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An attempt to detect transient changes in Io's SO2 and NaCl atmosphere

Roth, L.; Boissier, J.; Moullet, A. et al.

2020 • In Icarus, 350

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https://hdl.handle.net/2268/252788

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10.1016/j.icarus.2020.113925

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Keywords :

Io's atmosphere; Magnetospheric variability; Volcanic activity

Abstract :

[en] Io's atmosphere is predominately SO2 that is sustained by a combination of volcanic outgassing and sublimation. The loss from the atmosphere is the main mass source for Jupiter's large magnetosphere. Numerous previous studies attributed various transient phenomena in Io's environment and Jupiter's magnetosphere to a sudden change in the mass loss from the atmosphere supposedly triggered by a change in volcanic activity. Since the gas in volcanic plumes does not escape directly, such causal correlation would require a transient volcano-induced change in atmospheric abundance, which has never been observed so far. Here we report four observations of atmospheric SO2 and NaCl from the same hemisphere of Io, obtained with the IRAM NOEMA interferometer on 11 December 2016, 14 March, 6 and 29 April 2017. These observations are compared to measurements of volcanic hot spots and Io's neutral and plasma environment. We find a stable NaCl column density in Io's atmosphere on the four dates. The SO2 column density derived for December 2016 is about 30% lower compared to the SO2 column density found in the period of March to April 2017. This increase in SO2 from December 2016 to March 2017 might be related to increasing volcanic activity observed at several sites in spring 2017, but the stability of the volcanic trace gas NaCl and resulting decrease in NaCl/SO2 ratio do not support this interpretation. Observed dimmings in both the sulfur ion torus and Na neutral cloud suggest rather a decrease in mass loading in the period of increasing SO2 abundance. The dimming Na brightness and stable atmospheric NaCl furthermore dispute an earlier suggested positive correlation of the sodium cloud and the hot spot activity at Loki Patara, which considerably increased in this period. The environment of Io overall appears to be in a rather quiescent state, preventing further conclusions. Only Jupiter's aurora morphology underwent several short-term changes, which are apparently unrelated to Io's quiescent environment or the relatively stable atmosphere. © 2020 The Authors

Research Center/Unit :

STAR - Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research - ULiège

Disciplines :

Space science, astronomy & astrophysics

Author, co-author :

Roth, L.; Space and Plasma Physics, Royal Institute of Technology KTH, Stockholm, Sweden

Boissier, J.; IRAM, 300 rue de la Piscine, 38406 St. Martin d'Heres, Grenoble, France

Moullet, A.; NASA, Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett FieldCA, United States

Sánchez-Monge, Á.; I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, Köln, Germany

de Kleer, K.; California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd. M/C 150-21, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States

Yoneda, M.; Tadano Ltd., Takamatsu, Japan

Hikida, R.; Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Kita, H.; Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Japan

Tsuchiya, F.; Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

Blöcker, A.; Space and Plasma Physics, Royal Institute of Technology KTH, Stockholm, Sweden

More authors (9 more)

Language :

English

Title :

An attempt to detect transient changes in Io's SO2 and NaCl atmosphere

Publication date :

2020

Journal title :

Icarus

ISSN :

0019-1035

eISSN :

1090-2643

Publisher :

Academic Press Inc.

Volume :

350

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Additional URL :

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103520303018

Funders :

SNSA - Swedish National Space Agency
DFG - Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Sverige Vetenskapsrådet

Funding number :

Swedish National Space Agency, SNSA: 154/17; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG: 184018867

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