A chemists view: Metal oxides with adaptive structures for thermoelectric applications

Magneli phases; Metals; Thermal conductivity; Thermoelectric equipment; Thermoelectricity; Transition metals; Waste heat; Crystallographic shear planes; Crystallographic shears; Electronic transport properties; High temperature stability; Magneli phasis; Metal oxides; Thermoelectric application; Thermoelectrics; Transition metal compounds

Abstract :

[en] Thermoelectric devices can help to tackle future challenges in the energy sector through the conversion of waste heat directly into usable electric energy. For a wide applicability low-cost materials with reasonable thermoelectric performances and cost-efficient preparation techniques are required. In this context metal oxides are an interesting class of materials because of their inherent high-temperature stability and relative high sustainability. Their thermoelectric performance, however, needs to be improved for wide application. Compounds with adaptive structures are a very interesting class of materials. A slight reduction of early transition metal oxides generates electrons as charge carriers and crystallographic shear planes as structure motif. The crystallographic shear planes lead to a reduction of intrinsic thermal conductivity. At the same time, the electronic transport properties can be tuned by the degree of reduction. So far only a few transition metal oxides with adaptive structures have been investigated with respect to their thermoelectric properties, leaving much room for improvement. This review gives an overview of thermoelectric oxides, highlights the structural aspects of the crystallographic shear planes and the resulting thermoelectric properties. The discovery of a large thermopower in cobalt oxides in 1997 leads to a surge of interest in oxides for thermoelectric application. Whereas conversion efficiencies of p-type oxides can compete with those of non-oxide materials, n-type oxides show significantly lower thermoelectric performances. In this context MagnÃ©li oxides have gained attention. A combination of crystallographic shear and intrinsic disorder leads to low thermal conductivities. At the same time, the electronic transport properties can be tuned by the degree of reduction. Current peak-zT values of 0.3 around 1100 K for titanium and tungsten MagnÃ©li oxides are encouraging for future research. This review gives an overview of thermoelectric oxides, highlights the structural aspects of the crystallographic shear planes and the resulting thermoelectric properties. Â© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Disciplines :

Chemistry

Author, co-author :

Kieslich, G.; Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Functional Inorganic and Hybrid Materials Group, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Cerretti, G.; Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz, Germany

Veremchuk, I.; Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik Fester Stoffe, Dresden, Germany

Hermann, Raphaël ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de chimie (sciences) > Département de chimie (sciences)

Panthöfer, M.; Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz, Germany

Grin, J.; Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik Fester Stoffe, Dresden, Germany

Tremel, W.; Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Functional Inorganic and Hybrid Materials Group, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz, Germany

Language :

English

Title :

A chemists view: Metal oxides with adaptive structures for thermoelectric applications

Publication date :

2016

Journal title :

Physica Status Solidi A. Applications and Materials Science

ISSN :

1862-6300

eISSN :

1862-6319

Publisher :

Wiley - VCH Verlag, Weinheim, Germany

Volume :

213

Issue :

Pages :

808-823

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Name of the research project :

Programm 1386 Nanostructured Thermoelectrics

Funders :

DFG - Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
KAS - Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung

Available on ORBi :

since 14 November 2020

Statistics

Number of views

64 (2 by ULiège)

Number of downloads

2 (2 by ULiège)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

OpenCitations

OpenAlex citations

Bibliography

L. E. Bell, Science 321, 1457-1461 (2008).
R. M. Swanson, Science 324, 891-892 (2009).
J. B. Goodenough, and, K.-S. Park, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 1167-1176 (2013).
V. Mireles, and, J. Stultz, SAE Tech. Paper 941269 (1994), DOI: 10.4271/941269
T. E. Graedel, Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. 41, 323-335 (2011).
M. W. Gaultois, T. D. Sparks, C. K. H. Borg, R. Seshadri, W. D. Bonificio, and, D. R. Clarke, Chem. Mater. 25, 2911-2920 (2013).
D. LaLonde, Y. Pei, H. Wang, and, G. J. Snyder, Mater. Today 14, 526-531 (2011).
K. Fuda, T. Shoji, S. Kikuchi, Y. Kunihiro, and, S. Sugiyama, J. Electron. Mater. 42, 2209-2213 (2013).
D. Portehault, V. Maneeratana, C. Candolfi, N. Oeschler, I. Veremchuk, Y. Grin, and, M. Antonietti, ACS Nano 5, 9052-9061 (2011).
G. A. Slack, in: CRC Handbook of Thermoelectrics, edited by, D. M. Rowe, (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1995) Chap. 34.
G. D. Mahan, and, J. O. Sofo, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 7436-7439 (1996).
I. Terasaki, Y. Sasago, and, K. Uchinokura, Phys. Rev. B 56, R12685 (1997).
K. Kuomoto, Y. F. Wang, R. Z. Zhang, A. Kosuga, and, R. Funahshi, Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. 402, 363-394 (2010).
M. Jonson, and, G. Mahan, Phys. Rev. B 21, 4223-4229 (1980).
C. Dames, and, G. Chen, in: Thermoelectrics Handbook: Macro to Nano, edited by, D. M. Rowe, (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2006), Chap. 42.
O. Delaire, J. Ma, K. Marty, A. F. May, M. A. McGuire, M. H. Du, D. J. Singh, A. Podlesnyak, G. Ehlers, M. D. Lumsden, and, B. C. Sales, Nature Mater. 10, 614-619 (2011).
J. He, M. G. Kanatzidis, and, V. P. Dravid, Mater. Today 16, 166-176 (2013).
J. Leitner, P. Vonka, D. Sedmidubsky, and, P. Svoboda, Thermochim. Acta 497, 7-13 (2010).
J. Brgoch, S. P. DenBaars, and, R. Seshadri, J. Phys. Chem. 117, 17955-17959 (2013).
Y. Y. Wang, N. S. Rogado, R. J. Cava, and, N. P. Ong, Nature 423, 425-428 (2003).
M. L. Foo, Y. Wang, S. Watauchi, H. W. Zandbergen, T. He, R. J. Cava, and, N. P. Ong, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 247001 (2004).
Q. Huang, M. L. Foo, R. A. Pascal, Jr., J. W. Lynn, B. H. Toby, T. He, H. W. Zandbergen, and, R. J. Cava, Phys. Rev. B 70, 184110 (2004).
J. Sugiyama, J. H. Brewer, E. J. Ansaldo, H. Itahara, T. Tani, M. Mikami, Y. Mori, T. Sasaki, S. Hébert, and, A. Maignan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 017602 (2005).
G. Lang, J. Bobroff, H. Alloul, P. Mendels, N. Blanchard, and, G. Collin, Phys. Rev. B 72, 094404 (2005).
C. de Vaulx, M.-H. Julien, C. Berthier, M. Horvatic, P. Bordet, V. Simonet, D. P. Chen, and, C. T. Lin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 186405 (2005).
P. Limelette, S. Hébert, V. Hardy, R. Frésard, C. Simon, and, A. Maignan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 46601 (2006).
M. Lee, L. Viciu, L. Li, Y. Wang, M. L. Foo, S. Watauchi, R. A. Pascal, Jr, R. J. Cava, and, N. P. Ong, Nature Mater. 5, 537-540 (2006).
J. Y. Kim, J. I. Kim, S. M. Choi, Y. S. Lim, W. -S. Seo, and, H. J. Hwang, J. Appl. Phys. 112, 113705-113708 (2012).
P. Ruleova, C. Drasar, P. Lostak, C. P. Li, S. Ballikaya, and, C. Uher, Mater. Chem. Phys. 119, 299-302 (2010).
J. -L. Lan, Y. -C. Liu, B. Zhan, Y. -H. Lin, B. Zhang, X. Yuan, W. Zhang, W. Xu, and, C.-W. Nan, Adv. Mater. 25, 5086-5090 (2013).
J. Sui, J. Li, J. He, Y.-L. Pei, D. Berardan, H. Wu, N. Dragoe, W. Cai, and, L.-D. Zhao, Energy Environ. Sci. 6, 2916-2920 (2013).
Y. -L. Pei, H. Wu, D. Wu, F. Zheng, and, J. He, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 13902-13908 (2014).
T. Caillat, J. P. Fleurial, and, A. Borshchevsky, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 58, 1119-1125 (1997).
G. J. Snyder, M. Christensen, E. Nishibori, T. Caillat, and, B. B. Iversen, Nature Mater. 3, 458-463 (2004).
Y. Mozharivskyj, A. O. Pecharsky, S. Bud'ko, and, G. J. Miller, Chem. Mater. 16, 1580-1589 (2004).
J. Nylén, M. Andersson, S. Lidin, and, U. Häussermann, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 16306-16307 (2004).
W. Schweika, R. P. Hermann, M. Prager, J. Persson, and, V. Keppens, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 125501 (2007).
C. S. Birkel, E. Mugnaioli, M. Panthöfer, U. Kolb, and, W. Tremel, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 9881-9889 (2010).
D. J. Braun, and, W. Jeitschko, J. Less-Common Met. 72, 147-156 (1988).
B. C. Sales, D. Mandrus, and, R. K. Williams, Science 272, 1325-1328 (1996).
V. Keppens, D. Mandrus, B. C. Sales, B. C. Chakoumakos, P. Day, R. Coldea, M. B. Maple, D. A. Gajewski, E. J. Freeman, and, S. Bennington, Nature 395, 876-878 (1998).
R. P. Hermann, R. Jin, W. Schweika, F. Grandjean, D. Mandrus, B. C. Sales, and, G. J. Long, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 135505 (2003).
Y. Liang, H. Borrmann, M. Baenitz, W. Schnelle, S. Budnyk, J. T. Zhao, and, Y. Grin, Inorg. Chem. 47, 9489-9496 (2008).
M. S. Schmøkel, L. Bjerk, J. Overgaard, F. K. Larsen, G. K. H. Madsen, K. Sugimoto, M. Takata, and, B. B. Iversen, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52, 1503-1506 (2013).
M. S. Schmøkel, L. Bjerk, F. K. Larsen, J. Overgaard, S. Cenedese, M. Christensen, G. H. K. Madsen, C. Gatti, E. Nishibori, K. Sugimoto, M. Takata, and, B. B. Iversen, Acta Crystallogr. A 69, 570-582 (2013).
E. Visnow, C. P. Heinrich, A. Schmitz, J. de Boor, P. Leidich, B. Klobes, R. P. Hermann, W. E. Müller, and, W. Tremel, Inorg. Chem. 54, 7818-7827 (2015).
S. Stefanoski, M. Beekman, and, G. S. Nolas, The Physics and Chemistry of Inorganic Clathrates (Springer, Berlin, 2014), p. 169.
G. S. Nolas, D. T. Morellli, and, T. M. Tritt, Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 29, 89-116 (1999).
B. Qiu, H. Bao, G. Zhang, Y. Wu, and, X. Ruan, Comp. Mater. Sci. 53, 278-285 (2012).
T. C. Harman, P. J. Taylor, M. P. Walsh, and, B. E. LaForge, Science 297, 2229-2232 (2002).
K. Biswas, J. He, I. D. Blum, C.-I. Wu, T. P. Hogan, D. N. Seidman, V. P. Dravid, and, M. G. Kanatzidis, Nature 489, 414-418 (2012).
D. Wu, L. -D. Zhao, X. Tong, W. Li, L. Wu, Q. Tan, Y. Pei, L. Huang, J.-F. Li, Y. Zhu, M. G. Kanatzidis, and, J. He, Energ. Environ. Sci. 8, 2056-2068 (2015).
Y. W. Chai, and, Y. Kimura, Acta. Mater. 61, 6684-6697 (2013).
J. Androulakis, C. -H. Lin, H. -J. Kong, C. Uher, C. -I. Wu, T. Hogan, B. A. Cook, T. Caillat, K. M. Paraskevopoulos, and, M. G. Kanatzidis, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 9780-9788 (2007).
C. Fu, H. Xie, T. J. Zhu, J. Xie, and, X. B. Zhao, J. Appl. Phys. 112, 124915 (2012).
Y. -L. Pei, J. He, J.-F. Li, F. Li, Q. Liu, W. Pan, C. Barreteau, D. Berardan, N. Dragoe, and, L.-D. Zhao, NPG Asia Mater. 5, e47 (2013).
L. Gao, S. Zhai, R. Liu, N. Fu, J. Wang, G. Fu, and, S. Wang, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 98, 3285-3290 (2015).
L. Xi, J. Yang, C. Lu, Z. Mei, W. Zhang, and, L. Chen, Chem. Mater. 22, 2384-2394 (2010).
X. Shi, J. Yang, J. R. Salvador, M. Chi, J. Y. Cho, H. Wang, S. Bai, J. Yang, W. Zhang, and, L. Chen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 7837-7846 (2011).
G. J. Snyder, and, E. S. Toberer, Nature Mater. 7, 105-114 (2008).
E. S. Toberer, A. F. May, and, G. J. Snyder, Chem. Mater. 22, 624-634 (2010).
S. R. Brown, S. M. Kauzlarich, F. Gascoin, and, G. J. Snyder, Chem. Mater. 18, 1873-1877 (2006).
H. Zhang, H. Borrmann, N. Oeschler, C. Candolfi, W. Schnelle, M. Schmidt, U. Burkhardt, M. Baitinger, J.-T. Zhao, and, Y. Grin, Inorg. Chem. 50, 1250-1257 (2011).
J. V. Zaikina, T. Mori, K. Kovnir, D. Teschner, A. Senyshyn, U. Schwarz, Y. Grin, and, A. V. Shevelkov, Chem.Eur. J. 16, 12582-12589 (2010).
P. A. Cox, The Electronic Structure of Solids (Oxford University Press, New York, 1987).
A. Shakouri, Mater. Res. 41, 399-431 (2011).
N. Tsuda, K. Nasu, A. Fujimori, and, K. Siratori, Electronic Conduction in Oxides (Springer, Berlin, 2000).
Y. Tokura, and, N. Nagaosa, Science 288, 462-468 (2000).
S. Walia, R. Weber, S. Balendhran, D. Yao, J. T. Abrahamson, S. Zhuiykov, S. M. Bhaskaran, S. Sriram, M. S. Strano, and, K. Kalantar-zadeh, Chem. Commun. 48, 7462-7464 (2012).
M. Zebarjadi, K. Esfarjani, M. S. Dresselhaus, Z. F. Ren, and, G. Chen, Energ. Environ. Sci. 5, 5147-5162 (2012).
J. Minnich, M. S. Dresselhaus, Z. F. Ren, and, G. Chen, Energ. Environ. Sci. 2, 466-479 (2009).
D. Hirai, E. Climent-Pascual, and, R. J. Cava, Phys. Rev. B 84, 174519 (2011).
Y. Kobayashi, M. Tian, M. Eguchi, and, T. E. Mallouk, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 9849-9855 (2009).
J. R. Sootsman, D. Y. Chung, and, M. G. Kanatzidis, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 48, 8616-8639 (2009).
J. W. Fergus, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 32, 525-540 (2012).
E. M. Hopper, Q. Zhu, J.-H. Song, H. Peng, A. J. Freeman, and, T. O. Mason, J. Appl. Phys. 109, 013713 (2011).
H. Ohta, W.-S. Seo, and, K. Koumoto, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 79, 2193-2196 (1996).
A. Magneli, Pure Appl. Chem. 50, 1261-1271 (1978).
R. R. Heikes, and, R. W. Ure, Thermoelectricity: Science and Engineering (Interscience Publishers, New York, 1961).
W. Koshibae, K. Tsutsui, and, S. Maekawa, Phys. Rev. B 62, 6869-6872 (2000).
J. Androulakis, P. Migiakis, and, J. Giapintzakis, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 1099 (2004).
S. Okada, and, I. Terasaki, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44, 1834-1837 (2005).
Y. Kleinn, S. Hébert, A. Maignan, S. Kolesnik, T. Maxwell, and, B. Dabrowski, Phys. Rev. B 73, 052412 (2006).
M. Uchida, K. Oishi, M. Matsuo, W. Koshibae, Y. Onose, M. Mori, J. Fujioka, S. Miyasaka, S. Maekawa, and, Y. Tokura, Phys. Rev. B 83, 165127 (2011).
W. Kobayashi, I. Terasaki, M. Mikami, R. Funahashi, T. Nomura, and, T. Katsufuji, J. Appl. Phys. 95, 6825-6827 (2004).
G. V. M. Williams, E. K. Hemery, and, D. McCann, Phys. Rev. B 79, 024412 (2009).
A. Taskin, A. N. Lavrov, and, Y. Ando, Phys. Rev. B 73, 121101 (2006).
M. Karppinen, H. Fjellvåg, T. Konno, Y. Morita, T. Motohashi, and, H. Yamauchi, Chem. Mater. 16, 2790-2793 (2004).
K. Takahashi, A. Sakai, H. Adachi, and, T. Kanno, J. Phys. D 43, 165403 (2010).
J. Liu, X. Huang, D. Yang, G. Xu, and, L. Chen, Dalton Trans. 43, 15414-15418 (2014).
T. Sun, H. H. Hng, Q. Yan, and, J. Ma, J. Electron. Mater. 39, 1611-1615 (2010).
M. Tahashi, T. Tanimoto, H. Goto, M. Takahashi, and, T. Ido, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 93, 3046-3048 (2010).
W. Tremel, and, R. Hoffmann, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 114-124 (1987).
M. Palazzi, and, S. Jaulmes, Acta Crystallogr. Sect. B 37, 1337-1339 (1981).
Y. Takano, C. Ogawa, Y. Miyahara, H. Ozaki, and, K. Sekizawa, J. Alloys Compd. 249, 221-223 (1997).
P. S. Berdonosov, A. M. Kusainova, L. N. Kholodkovskaya, V. A. Dolgikh, L. G. Akselrud, and, B. A. Popovkin, J. Solid State Chem. 118, 74-77 (1995).
M. Kusainova, P. S. Berdonosov, L. G. Akselrud, L. N. Kholodkovskaya, V. A. Dolgikh, and, B. A. Popovkin, J. Solid State Chem. 112, 189-191 (1994).
K. Ueda, S. Inoue, S. Hirose, H. Kawazoe, and, H. Hosono, Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2701-2703 (2000).
S. Inoue, K. Ueda, H. Hosono, and, N. Hamada, Phys. Rev. B 64, 245211 (2001).
H. Hiramatsu, K. Ueda, H. Ohta, T. Kamiya, M. Hirano, and, H. Hosono, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 211107 (2005).
L. Pinsard-Gaudart, D. Berardan, J. Bobroff, and, N. Dragoe, Phys. Status Solidi RRL 2, 185-187 (2008).
I. Mazin, and, M. D. Johannes, Nature Phys. 5, 141-145 (2009).
J.-F. Li, W.-S. Liu, L.-D. Zhao, and, M. Zhou, NPG Asia Mater. 2, 152-158 (2010).
Y. L. Pei, J. Q. He, J. F. Li, F. Li, Q. J. Liu, W. Pan, C. Barreteau, D. Berardan, N. Dragoe, and, L. D. Zhao, NPG Asia Mater. 5, e47 (2013).
J. Li, J. H. Sui, C. Barreteau, D. Berardan, N. Dragoe, W. Cai, Y. L. Pei, and, L. D. Zhao, J. Alloy. Compd. 551, 649-653 (2013).
J. Li, J. H. Sui, Y. L. Pei, C. Barreteau, D. Berardan, N. Dragoe, W. Cai, J. Q. He, and, L. D. Zhao, Energy Environ. Sci. 5, 8543-8547 (2012).
L. D. Zhao, D. Berardan, Y. L. Pei, C. Byl, L. Pinsard-Gaudart, and, N. Dragoe, Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 092118 (2010).
T. Suzuki, M. S. Bahramy, R. Arita, Y. Taguchi, and, Y. Tokura, Phys. Rev. B 83, 035204 (2011).
L.-D. Zhao, J. He, D. Berardan, Y. Lin, J.-F. Li, C.-W. Nan, and, N. Dragoe, Energ. Environ. Sci. 7, 2900-2914 (2014).
H. Ohta, K. Sugiura, and, K. Koumoto, Inorg. Chem. 47, 8429-8436 (2008).
H. Ohta, Mater Today 10, 44-49 (2007).
T. Okuda, K. Nakanishi, S. Miyasaka, and, Y. Tokura, Phys. Rev. B 63, 113104 (2001).
S. Ohta, T. Nomura, H. Ohta, and, K. Koumoto, J. Appl. Phys. 97, 034106 (2005).
J. Ravichandran, W. Siemons, D. W. Oh, J. T. Kardel, A. Chari, H. Heijmerikx, M. L. Scullin, A. Majumdar, R. Ramesh, and, D. G. Cahill, Phys. Rev. B 82, 165126 (2010).
S. Lee, R. H. T. Wilke, S. Trolier-McKinstry, S. Zhang, and, C. A. Randall, Appl. Phys. Lett 96, 31910 (2010).
S. Lee, G. Yang, R. H. T. Wilke, S. Trolier-McKinstry, and, C. A. Randall, Phys. Rev. B 79, 134110 (2009).
K. Koumoto, Y. Wang, R. Zhang, A. Kosuga, and, R. Funahashi, Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 40, 363-394 (2010).
T. D. Sparks, A. Gurlo, and, D. R. Clarke, J. Mater. Chem. 22, 4631-4636 (2012).
T. D. Sparks, P. A. Fuierer, and, D. R. Clarke, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 93, 1136-1141 (2010).
Y. Shen, D. R. Clarke, and, P. A. Fuierer, App. Phys. Lett. 93, 102907 (2008).
C. J. Vineis, A. Shakouri, A. Majumdar, and, M. G. Kanatzidis, Adv. Mater. 22, 3970-3980 (2010).
C. Chiritescu, D. G. Cahill, N. Nguyen, D. C. Johnson, A. Bodapati, P. Keblinski, and, P. Zschack, Science 315, 351-353 (2007).
C. Wan, T. D. Sparks, P. Wei, and, D. R. Clarke, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 93, 1457-1460 (2010).
K. P. Ong, D. J. Singh, and, P. Wu, Phys. Rev. B 83, 115110 (2011).
Y. Kinemuchi, M. Mikami, K. Kobayashi, K. Watari, and, Y. Hotta, J. Electron. Mater. 39, 2059-2063 (2010).
D. G. Cahill, and, R. O. Pohl, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 39, 93-121 (1988).
P. Jood, R. J. Mehta, Y. L. Zhang, G. Peleckis, X. L. Wang, R. W. Siegel, T. Borca-Tasciuc, S. X. Dou, and, G. Ramanath, Nano Lett. 11, 4337-4342 (2011).
Y. Fujishiro, M. Miyata, M. Awano, and, K. Maeda, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 87, 1890-1894 (2004).
H. Kaga, Y. Kinemuchi, H. Yihnaz, K. Watar, H. Nakano, H. Nakano, S. Tanaka, A. Makiya, Z. Kato, and, K. Uematsu, Acta Mater. 55, 4753-4757 (2007).
M. Ohtaki, K. Araki, and, K. Yamamoto, J. Electron Mater. 38, 1234-1238 (2009).
J. P. Wiff, Y. Kinemuchi, H. Kaga, C. Ito, and, K. Watari, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 29, 1413-1418 (2009).
N. Ma, J. F. Li, B. P. Zhang, Y. H. Lin, L. R. Ren, and, G. F. Chen, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 71, 1344-1349 (2010).
Y. Fujishiro, M. Miyata, M. Awano, and, K. Maeda, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 86, 2063-2066 (2003).
K. H. Kim, S. H. Shim, K. B. Shim, K. Niihara, and, J. Hojo, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 88, 628-632 (2005).
E. Guilmeau, A. Maignan, and, C. Martin, J. Electron. Mater. 38, 1104-1108 (2009).
D. Berardan, C. Byl, and, N. Dragoe, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 93, 2352-2358 (2010).
H. Colder, E. Guilmeau, C. Harnois, S. Marinel, R. Retoux, and, E. Savary, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 31, 2957-2963 (2011).
Y. Michiue, T. Mori, A. Prytuliak, Y. Matsushita, M. Tanaka, and, N. Kimizuka, RSC Adv. 1, 1788-1793 (2011).
K. H. Jung, K. H. Lee, W. S. Seo, and, S. M. Choi, Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 253902 (2012).
L. H. Shi, J. Chen, G. Zhang, and, B. W. Li, Phys. Lett. A 376, 978-981 (2012).
Y. Yang, K. C. Pradel, Q. Jing, J. M. Wu, F. Zhang, Y. Zhou, Y. Zhang, and, Z. L. Wang, ACS Nano 6, 6984-6989 (2012).
J. Andersson, B. Collen, U. Kuylenstierna, and, A. Magneli, Acta Chem. Scand. 11, 1641-1652 (1957).
S. Andersson, B. Collen, G. Kruuse, U. Kuylenstierna, A. Magneli, H. Pestmalis, and, S. Asbrink, Acta Chem. Scand. 11, 1653-1657 (1957).
L. A. Bursill, and, B. G. Hyde, Acta Crystallogr. B 27, 210-215 (1971).
Y. Le Page, and, P. Strobel, J. Solid State Chem. 44, 273-281 (1982).
S. Harada, K. Tanaka, and, H. Inui, J. Appl. Phys. 108, 83703 (2010).
C. Liu, L. Miao, J. Zhou, R. Huang, C. A. J. Fisher, and, S. Tanemura, J. Phys. Chem. C 117, 11487-11497 (2013).
Y. Lu, M. Hirohashi, and, K. Sato, Mater. Trans. 47, 1449-1452 (2006).
Y. Lu, Y. Matsuda, K. Sagara, L. Hao, T. Otomitsu, and, H. Yoshida, Adv. Mater. Res. 415-417, 1291-1296 (2011).
T. Bak, J. Nowotny, M. Rekas, and, C. C. Sorrell, Ionics 10, 166-176 (2004).
R. Bartholomew, and, D. Frankl, Phys. Rev 187, 828-833 (1969).
D. Regonini, V. Adamaki, C. R. Bowen, S. R. Pennock, J. Taylor, and, A. C. E. Dent, Solid State Ion. 229, 38-44 (2012).
D. Regonini, A. C. E. Dent, C. R. Bowen, S. R. Pennock, and, J. Taylor, Mater. Lett. 65, 3590-3592 (2011).
I. Veremchuk, I. Antonyshyn, C. Candolfi, X. Feng, U. Burkhardt, M. Baitinger, J.-T. Zhao, and, Y. Grin, Inorg. Chem. 52, 4458-4463 (2013).
I. Tsuyumoto, T. Hosono, and, M. Murata, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 89, 2301-2003 (2006).
M. Backhaus-Ricoult, J. R. Rustad, D. Vargheese, I. Dutta, and, K. Work, J. Electron. Mater. 41, 1636-1647 (2012).
A. Magnéli, Acta Cryst. 6, 495-500 (1953).
M. Greenblatt, Chem. Rev. 88, 31-53 (1988).
E. Canadell, and, M.-H. Whangbo, Chem. Rev. 91, 965-1034 (1991).
M.-H. Whangbo, E. Canadell, P. Foury, and, J.-P. Pouget, Science 252, 96-98 (1991).
J. S. Anderson, and, B. G. Hyde, J. Phys. Chem Solids 28, 1393-1408 (1967).
J. S. Anderson, and, A. S. Khan, J. Less-Common Met. 22, 219-223 (1970).
J. S. Anderson, and, R. J. D. Tilley, J. Solid State Chem. 2, 472-482 (1970).
S. Andersson, and, A. D. Wadsley, Nature 211, 581-583 (1966).
M. Backhaus-Ricoult, J. Rustad, L. Moore, C. Smith, and, J. Brown, App. Phys. A 116, 433-470 (2014).
F. Krumeich, A. Hussain, C. Bartsch, and, R. Gruehn, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 621, 799-806 (1995).
F. Krumeich, C. Bartsch, and, R. Gruehn, J. Solid State Chem. 427, 268-274 (1995).
F Krumeich, M. Wörle, and, A. Hussain, J. Solid State Chem. 49, 428-433 (2000).
F. Krumeich, Acta Crystallogr. B 54, 240-249 (1998).
R. Roth, and, J. Waring, J. Res. NBS 70A, 281-303 (1966).
W. Sleight, Acta Chem. Scand. 20, 1102-1112 (1966).
D. C. Craig, and, N. C. Stephenson, Acta Crystallogr. B 25, 2071-2083 (1969).
M. R. Winter, and, D. R. Clarke, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 90, 533-540 (2007).
M. W. Gaultois, J. E. Douglas, T. D. Sparks, and, R. Seshadri, AIP Adv. 5, 097144 (2015).
H.-J. Engell, in: Non-Stoichiometric Compounds, edited by, L. Mandelcorn, (Academic Press, New York, London, 1964).
F. A. Kröger, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 44, 345-347 (1983).
S. Iijima, S. Kimura, and, M. Goto, Acta Cryst. A 29, 632-636 (1973).
S. Iijima, and, J. G. Allpress, Acta Cryst A 30, 29-36 (1974).
S. Iijima, J. Solid State Chem. 14, 52-65 (1975).
S. Anderson, and, J. Galy, J. Solid State Chem. 1, 576-582 (1970).
J. Van Landuyt, J. Phys. Colloq. 35, 53-63 (1974).
L. A. Bursill, and, D. J. Smith, Nature 309, 319-321 (1984).
R. M. Hazen, and, R. Jeanloz, Rev. Geophys. 22, 37-46 (2010).
R. H. Condit, R. R. Hobbins, and, C. E. Birchenall, Oxid Met. 8, 409-454 (1974).
F. Koch, and, J. B. Cohen, Acta Crystallogr. B 25, 275-287 (1969).
A. Gossard, F. J. Di Salvo, L. Erich, J. Remeika, H. Yasuoka, K. Kosuge, and, S. Kachi, Phys. Rev. B 10, 4178-4183 (1974).
J. Haber, M. Witko, and, R. Tokarz, Appl. Catal. A 157, 3-22 (1997).
B. G. Idlis, and, Y. V. Kopaev, Solid State Commun. 45, 301-304 (1983).
G. Khattak, P. Keesom, and, S. Faile, Phys. Rev. B 18, 6181-6190 (1978).
U. Schwingenschlögl, and, V. Eyert, Ann. Phys. 13, 475-510 (2004).
H. A. Wriedt, Bull. Alloy Phase Diagr. 10, 271-277 (1989).
H. A. Wriedt, Bull. Alloy Phase Diagr 10, 368-384 (1989).
C. Wu, F. Feng, and, Y. Xie, Chem. Soc. Rev 42, 5157-5183 (2013).
P. J. England, J. Booth, R. J. D. Tilley, and, T. Ekström, J. Solid State Chem. 44, 60-74 (1982).
T. S. Ercit, Mineral. Petrol. 43, 217-223 (1991).
H. Schäfer, D. Bergner, and, R. Gruehn, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem 365, 31-50 (1969).
L. A. Reznichenko, L. A. Shilkina, E. S. Gagarina, Y. I. Yuzyuk, O. N. Razumovskaya, and, A. V. Kozinkin, Crystallogr. Rep. 49, 820-827 (2004).
L. Chippindale, and, A. K. Cheetham, The Oxide Chemistry of Molybdenum (Elsevier, Amsterdam, New York, Tokyo, 1994).
L. Brewer, and, R. H. Lamoreaux, Bull. Alloy Phase Diagr. 1, 85-89 (1980).
L. Kihlborg, A. Sundholm, A. Magnéli, B. Högberg, P. Kneip, and, H. Palmstierna, Acta Chem. Scand. 13, 954-962 (1959).
J. M. Berak, and, M. J. Sienko, J. Solid State Chem. 2, 109-133 (1970).
P. Gadó, Acta Phys. Hung 18, 111-117 (1965).
E. Iguchi, E. Salje, and, R. J. D. Tilley, J. Solid State Chem. 38, 342-359 (1981).
D. B. Migas, V. L. Shaposhnikov, and, V. E. Borisenko, J. Appl. Phys 108, 93714 (2010).
E. Salje, and, B. Güttler, Philos. Mag. B 50, 607-620 (1984).
R. J. D. Tilley, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. 13, 93-109 (1995).
R. D. Tilley, J. Solid State Chem. 19, 53-62 (1976).
M. Sundberg, and, R. D. Tilley, Phys. Status Solidi A 22, 677-684 (1974).
C. N. R. Rao, New Directions in Solid State Chemistry, 2nd edn. (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997).
S. Patoux, M. Dolle, G. Rousse, and, C. Masquelier, J. Electrochem. Soc. 149, A391-A400 (2002).
S. N. Ruddlesden, and, P. Popper, Acta Crystallogr. 10, 538-539 (1957).
S. N. Ruddlesden, and, P. Popper, Acta Crystallogr. 11, 54-55 (1958).
M. Dion, M. Ganne, and, M. Tournoux, Mater. Res. Bull. 16, 1429-1435 (1981).
R. Jacobson, J. W. Johnson, and, J. T. Lewandowski, Inorg. Chem. 24, 3727-3729 (1985).
B. Aurivillius, Ark. Kemi 1, 463-480 (1950).
B. Aurivillius, Ark. Kemi 1, 499-512 (1950).
B. Aurivillius, Ark. Kemi 2, 519-527 (1951).
K. Scheunemann, and, H. K. Müller-Buschbaum, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 36, 1965-1970 (1974).
I. Levin, and, L. A. Bendersky, Acta Crystallogr. B 55, 853-866 (1999).
L. A. Bursill, J. Solid State Chem. 48, 256-271 (1983).
E. B. Lopes, M. Almeida, J. Dumas, H. Guyot, and, C. Escribe-Filippini, J. Phys. 4, L357-L361 (1992).
P. Gadó, and, A. Magnéli, Acta Chem. Scand. 19, 1514-1515 (1965).
D. B. Migas, V. L. Shaposhnikov, and, V. E. Borisenko, J. Appl. Phys. 9, 93714 (2010).
R. Gruehn, and, R. Norin, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 367, 209-218 (1969).
R. Norin, Acta Chem. Scand. 17, 1391-1404 (1963).
R. Norin, Acta Chem. Scand. 20, 871-880 (1966).
R. Norin, M. Carlsson, and, B. Elgquist, Acta Chem. Scand. 20, 2892-2893 (1966).
R. Norin, and, A. Magneli, Naturwissenschaften 47, 354-355 (1960).
B. M. Gatehouse, and, A. D. Wadsley, Acta Crystallogr. 17, 1545-1554 (1964).
R. S. Roth, B. M. Gatehouse, and, A. D. Wadsley, Naturwissenschaften 51, 262-263 (1964).
R. Gruehn, D. Bergner, and, H. Schäfer, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 4, 1087 (1965).
H. Schafer, D. Bergner, and, R. Gruehn, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 365, 31-50 (1969).
H. Schäfer, R. Gruehn, F. Schulte, and, W. Mertin, Bull. Soc. Chim. France XX, 1161 (1965).
K. Naito, N. Kamegashira, and, N. Sasaki, J. Solid State Chem. 35, 305-311 (1980).
C. N. R. Rao, and, B. Raveau, Transition Metal Oxides (Wiley, Weinheim 1998).
C. P. Heinrich, M. Schrade, G. Cerretti, I. Lieberwith, P. Leidich, A Schmitz, H. Fjeld, E. Mueller, T. G. Finstad, T. E. Norby, and, W. Tremel, Mater. Horiz. 2, 519-527 (2015).
Y. Lu, Y. Matsuda, K. Sagara, L. Hao, T. Otomitsu, and, H. Yoshida, Adv. Mater. Res. 415-417, 1291-1296 (2012).
J. K. Tang, W. D. Wang, G. L. Zhao, and, Q. Li, J. Phys. 21, 205703 (2009).
Y. Lu, M. Hirohashi, and, K. Sato, Mater. Trans. 47, 1449-1452 (2006).
N. A. Deskins, and, M. Dupuis, J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 346-358 (2008).
L. R. Sheppard, T. Bak, and, J. Nowotny, J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 611-617 (2008).
G. Kieslich, I. Veremchuk, I. Antonyshyn, W. G. Zeier, C. S. Birkel, K. Weldert, C. P. Heinrich, E. Visnow, M. Panthöfer, U. Burkhardt, Y. Grin, and, W. Tremel, Phys. Chem. Chem Phys. 15, 15399-15403 (2013).
G. Kieslich, C. S. Birkel, J. E. Douglas, M. Gaultois, R. Seshadri, Y. Grin, G. D. Stucky, and, W. Tremel, J. Mater. Chem. A 1, 13050-13054 (2013).
G. Kieslich, U. Burkhardt, C. S. Birkel, I. Veremchuk, J. E. Douglas, M. Gaultois, I. Lieberwirth, R. Seshadri, G. D. Stucky, Y. Grin, and, W. Tremel, J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 13492-13497 (2014).
G. Kieslich, and, W. Tremel, Trans. AIMS Mater. Sci. 1, 184-190 (2014).
C. B. Vining, Nature Mater. 8, 83-85 (2009).