[en] We present the discovery and characterisation of two transiting planets observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) orbiting the nearby (d[SUB]⋆[/SUB] ≈ 22 pc), bright (J ≈ 9 mag) M3.5 dwarf LTT 3780 (TOI-732). We confirm both planets and their association with LTT 3780 via ground-based photometry and determine their masses using precise radial velocities measured with the CARMENES spectrograph. Precise stellar parameters determined from CARMENES high-resolution spectra confirm that LTT 3780 is a mid-M dwarf with an effective temperature of T[SUB]eff[/SUB] = 3360 ± 51 K, a surface gravity of log g[SUB]⋆[/SUB] = 4.81 ± 0.04 (cgs), and an iron abundance of [Fe/H] = 0.09 ± 0.16 dex, with an inferred mass of M[SUB]⋆[/SUB] = 0.379 ± 0.016M[SUB]☉[/SUB] and a radius of R[SUB]⋆[/SUB] = 0.382 ± 0.012R[SUB]☉[/SUB]. The ultra-short-period planet LTT 3780 b (P[SUB]b[/SUB] = 0.77 d) with a radius of 1.35[SUB]-0.06[/SUB][SUP]+0.06[/SUP] R[SUB]⊕[/SUB], a mass of 2.34[SUP]-0.23[/SUP][SUB]+0.24[/SUB] M[SUB]⊕[/SUB], and a bulk density of 5.24[SUB]-0.81[/SUB][SUP]+0.94[/SUP] g cm[SUP]-3[/SUP] joins the population of Earth-size planets with rocky, terrestrial composition. The outer planet, LTT 3780 c, with an orbital period of 12.25 d, radius of 2.42[SUB]-0.10[/SUB][SUP]+0.10[/SUP] R[SUB]⊕[/SUB], mass of 6.29[SUB]-0.61[/SUB][SUP]+0.63[/SUP] M[SUB]⊕[/SUB], and mean density of 2.45[SUB]-0.37[/SUB][SUP]+0.44[/SUP] g cm[SUP]-3[/SUP] belongs to the population of dense sub-Neptunes. With the two planets located on opposite sides of the radius gap, this planetary system is anexcellent target for testing planetary formation, evolution, and atmospheric models. In particular, LTT 3780 c is an ideal object for atmospheric studies with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
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Luque, R.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Parviainen, H.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Pallé, E.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Béjar, V. J. S.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Lillo-Box, J.; Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), ESAC, Camino bajo del castillo s/n, 28692, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
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Caballero, J. A.; Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), ESAC, Camino bajo del castillo s/n, 28692, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
Zechmeister, M.; Institut für Astrophysik, Georg-August-Universität, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
Passegger, V. M.; Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, 440 West Brooks Street, Norman, OK, 73019, USA ; Hamburger Sternwarte, Universität Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029, Hamburg, Germany
Cifuentes, C.; Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), ESAC, Camino bajo del castillo s/n, 28692, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
Narita, N.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain ; Astrobiology Center, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8588, Japan ; JST, PRESTO, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8588, Japan ; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8588, Japan
Cale, B.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive MS 3F3, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
Espinoza, N.; Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
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Hidalgo, D.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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El Mufti, M.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive MS 3F3, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
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