Protoplanetary disks; Coronagraphic imaging; Planetary system formation; Orbital motion; 1300; 313; 1257; 1179; Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics; Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract :
[en] More than a dozen young stars host spiral arms in their surrounding protoplanetary disks. The excitation mechanisms of such arms are under debate. The two leading hypotheses—companion-disk interaction and gravitational instability (GI)—predict distinct motion for spirals. By imaging the MWC 758 spiral arm system at two epochs spanning ∼5 yr using the SPHERE instrument on the Very Large Telescope, we test the two hypotheses for the first time. We find that the pattern speeds of the spirals are not consistent with the GI origin. Our measurements further evince the existence of a faint "missing planet" driving the disk arms. The average spiral pattern speed is 0°22 ± 0°03 yr[SUP]-1[/SUP], pointing to a driver at ${172}_{-14}^{+18}$ au around a 1.9 M[SUB]☉[/SUB] central star if it is on a circular orbit. In addition, we witness time-varying shadowing effects on a global scale that are likely originating from an inner disk.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Ren, Bin; Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1216 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Dong, Ruobing; Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 1A1, Canada
van Holstein, Rob G.; Leiden Observatory, Universiteit Leiden, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands ; European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Casilla 19001, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile
Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste; Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1216 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Calvin, Benjamin A.; Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1216 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Girard, Julien H.; Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
Benisty, Myriam; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France ; Unidad Mixta Internacional Franco-Chilena de Astronomía (CNRS, UMI 3386), Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Camino El Observatorio 1515, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
Boccaletti, Anthony; LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Univ. Paris 06, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France
Esposito, Thomas M.; Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
Choquet, Élodie; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
Mawet, Dimitri; Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1216 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Pueyo, Laurent; Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
Stolker, Tomas; Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
Chiang, Eugenede; Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
Boer, Jozua; Leiden Observatory, Universiteit Leiden, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
Debes, John H.; Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
Garufi, Antonio; INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo Enrico Fermi 5, I-50125 Firenze, Italy
Grady, Carol A.; Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory, Code 667, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
Hines, Dean C.; Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
Maire, Anne-Lise ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > PSILab
Ménard, François; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A.; Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1216 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Perrin, Marshall D.; Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
Poteet, Charles A.; Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
Schneider, Glenn; Steward Observatory, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA)
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