Article (Scientific journals)
Low and very low birth weight in puppies: definitions, risk factors and survival in a large-scale population.
Mugnier, Amélie; Chastant-Maillard, Sylvie; Mila, Hanna et al.
2020In BMC Veterinary Research, 16 (1), p. 354
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Keywords :
Birth weight; Canine; Epidemiology; Litter size; Neonatal mortality; Puppy; Risk factor
Abstract :
[en] BACKGROUND: Neonatal mortality (over the first three weeks of life) is a major concern in canine breeding facilities as an economic and welfare issue. Since low birth weight (LBW) dramatically increases the risk of neonatal death, the risk factors of occurrence need to be identified together with the chances and determinants of survival of newborns at-risk. RESULTS: Data from 4971 puppies from 10 breeds were analysed. Two birth weight thresholds regarding the risk of neonatal mortality were identified by breed, using respectively Receiver Operating Characteristics and Classification and Regression Tree method. Puppies were qualified as LBW and very low birth weight (VLBW) when their birth weight value was respectively between the two thresholds and lower than the two thresholds. Mortality rates were 4.2, 8.8 and 55.3%, in the normal, LBW and VLBW groups, accounting for 48.7, 47.9 and 3.4% of the included puppies, respectively. A separate binary logistic regression approach allowed to identify breed, gender and litter size as determinants of LBW. The increase in litter size and being a female were associated with a higher risk for LBW. Survival for LBW puppies was reduced in litters with at least one stillborn, compared to litters with no stillborn, and was also reduced when the dam was more than 6 years old. Concerning VLBW puppies, occurrence and survival were influenced by litter size. Surprisingly, the decrease in litter size was a risk factor for VLBW and also reduced their survival. The results of this study suggest that VLBW and LBW puppies are two distinct populations. Moreover, it indicates that events and factors affecting intrauterine growth (leading to birth weight reduction) also affect their ability to adapt to extrauterine life. CONCLUSION: These findings could help veterinarians and breeders to improve the management of their facility and more specifically of LBW puppies. Possible recommendations would be to only select for reproduction dams of optimal age and to pay particular attention to LBW puppies born in small litters. Further studies are required to understand the origin of LBW in dogs.
Disciplines :
Veterinary medicine & animal health
Author, co-author :
Mugnier, Amélie
Chastant-Maillard, Sylvie
Mila, Hanna
Lyazrhi, Faouzi
Guiraud, Florine
Adib-Lesaux, Achraf
Gaillard, Virginie
Saegerman, Claude  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires (DMI) > Epidémiologie et analyse des risques appl. aux sc. vétér.
Grellet, Aurélien
Language :
English
Title :
Low and very low birth weight in puppies: definitions, risk factors and survival in a large-scale population.
Publication date :
2020
Journal title :
BMC Veterinary Research
eISSN :
1746-6148
Publisher :
BioMed Central, United Kingdom
Volume :
16
Issue :
1
Pages :
354
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Available on ORBi :
since 01 October 2020

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