Evaluating the wind cooling potential on outdoor thermal comfort in selected Iranian climate types

[en] Wind is one of the main factors affecting people's outdoor thermal sensation. Ongoing urbanization and urban densification are transforming the urban climate and complicating the pedestrian-level wind environment. Therefore, the main aim of this research is to evaluate the potential wind-cooling effect on human outdoor thermal conditions. Accordingly, the current research attempts determine the best wind directions for thermal comfort at the studied stations and how these factors will be changed under the effects of global warming. Outdoor thermal conditions were modeled based on the physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) thermal index using RayMan software for the decades of the 2000s and the 2040s in different climate types of Iran (Csb, BWh, Csa, and BSh) To estimate the potential cooling effect of wind, the PET was calculated (1) under actual wind conditions, and (2) under calm wind (0.05 m/s) conditions. Then, the ΔPET for these two conditions, which indicates the cooling potential effect (CPE) of the wind, was calculated for four representative stations (Ardebil, Bandar Abbas, Gorgan, and Shiraz). In comparison with the 2000s, the results indicated that by the 2040s, the predicted wind cooling potential will have increased in Ardebil, Shiraz, Bandar Abbas and Gorgan (CPE of 13.2 °C, 13.1 °C, 11.2 °C, and 11 °C, respectively). Based on the overall average of two climate change scenarios (A2 and B1) used in this study, the occurrence of "comfortable" conditions by the 2040s will have increased in Bandar Abbas, Shiraz, and Ardebil by 1.1%, 0.4%, and 0.3%, respectively, while it will have decreased in Gorgan by 1.5%. Accounting for the cooling effect of wind, the comfort cooling potential of wind is predicted to rise by an average of 1.6 °C in the 2040s compared with the 2000s in all the studied stations. Therefore, this will affect the microclimates positivley and could reduce the urban heat island effects.

Research Center/Unit :

Sustainable Building Design

Disciplines :

Architecture

Author, co-author :

Roshan, Gholamreza

Moghbel, Masoumeh

Attia, Shady ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département ArGEnCo > Techniques de construction des bâtiments

Language :

English

Title :

Evaluating the wind cooling potential on outdoor thermal comfort in selected Iranian climate types

Publication date :

16 August 2020

Journal title :

Journal of Thermal Biology

ISSN :

0306-4565

Publisher :

Elsevier, United Kingdom

Volume :

Pages :

102660

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Additional URL :

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306456520304320

Name of the research project :

Climatic Analysis for Climate Resonsive Design in Iran

Available on ORBi :

since 02 August 2020

Statistics

Number of views

229 (10 by ULiège)

Number of downloads

354 (10 by ULiège)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

OpenCitations

OpenAlex citations

Bibliography

Adamek, K., Vasan, N., Elshaer, A., English, E., Bitsuamlak, G., Pedestrian level wind assessment through city development: a study of the financial district in Toronto. Sustain. Cities Soc. 35 (2017), 178–190.
Al-Sallal, K.A., Al-Rais, L., Outdoor airflow analysis and potential for passive cooling in the modern urban context of Dubai. Renew. Energy 38:1 (2012), 40–49.
Al-Yahyai, S., Roshan, G., Ghanghermeh, A., Wind resource assessment over Iran using weather station data. Int. J. Sustain. Energy 35:3 (2016), 230–243.
Attia, S., The role of landscape design in improving the microclimate in traditional courtyard buildings in hot arid climates. Proceedings of 23rd International Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture-PLEA 2006, vols. 22–24, 2006, PLEA-Université de Genève-groupe énergie.
Attia, S., Duchhart, I., Bioclimatic landscape design in extremely hot and arid climates. Proceedings of 27th Conference of Passive and Low Energy Architecture (PLEA), 2011, PLEA.
Attia, S., Mustafa, A.M.E.S., Singh, M.K., Assessment of thermal overheating in free-running buildings in Cairo. Proceeding of the 1st International Conference on Comfort at the Extremes: Energy, Economy and Climate, 2019, Ecohouse Initative Ltd, 902–913.
Bajšanski, I.V., Milošević, D.D., Savić, S.M., Evaluation and improvement of outdoor thermal comfort in urban areas on extreme temperature days: applications of automatic algorithms. Build. Environ. 94 (2015), 632–643.
Baruti, M.M., Johansson, E., AAstrand, J., Review of studies on outdoor thermal comfort in warm humid climates: challenges of informal urban fabric. Int. J. Biometeorol., 2019, 1–14.
Bellia, L., Pedace, A., Fragliasso, F., The role of weather data files in Climate-based Daylight Modeling. Sol. Energy 112 (2015), 169–182.
Bienvenido-Huertas, D., Rubio-Bellido, C., Perez-Fargallo, A., Pulido-Arcas, J.A., Energy saving potential in current and future world built environments based on the adaptive comfort approach. J. Clean. Prod., 249, 2020, 119306.
Blocken, B., Carmeliet, J., A review of wind-driven rain research in building science. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod. 92:13 (2004), 1079–1130.
Boland, J., Time Series and Statistical Modelling of Solar Radiation, Modelling Solar Radiation at the Earth's Surface. Viorel Badescu. 2008, Springer-Verlag.
Cohen, P., Shashua-Bar, L., Reut, K., Gil-Ad, R., Yaron, Y., Victor, L., Potchter, O., Urban Outdoor Thermal Perception in Hot Arid Beer Sheva, Israel: Methodological and Gender Aspects. 2019, Building and Environment, 106–169.
Collins, M.S.F.B., Tett, S.F.B., Cooper, C., The internal climate variability of HadCM3, a version of the Hadley Centre coupled model without flux adjustments. Clim. Dynam. 17:1 (2001), 61–81.
Dodoo, A., Ayarkwa, J., Effects of climate change for thermal comfort and energy performance of residential buildings in a Sub-Saharan African climate. Buildings, 9(10), 2019, 215.
Du, Y., Mak, C.M., Kwok, K., Tse, K.-T., Lee, T., Ai, Z., Niu, J., New criteria for assessing low wind environment at pedestrian level in Hong Kong. Build. Environ. 123 (2017), 23–36.
Du, Y., Mak, C.M., Liu, J., Xia, Q., Niu, J., Kwok, K.C., Effects of lift-up design on pedestrian level wind comfort in different building configurations under three wind directions. Build. Environ. 117 (2017), 84–99.
Dunjić, J., Outdoor thermal comfort research in urban areas of Central and Southeast Europe: a review. Geographica Pannonica 23:4 (2019), 359–373.
Fadl, M.S., Karadelis, J., CFD simulation for wind comfort and safety in urban area: a case study of Coventry University central campus. Int. J. Architect. Eng. Construct. 2:2 (2013), 131–143.
Fazelpour, F., Vafaeipour, M., Rahbari, O., Valizadeh, M.H., Assessment of solar radiation potential for different cities in Iran using a temperature-based method. Sustainability in Energy and Buildings, 2013, 199–208.
Fitchett, J.M., Grab, S.W., Thompson, D.I., Roshan, G., Increasing frost risk associated with advanced citrus flowering dates in Kerman and Shiraz, Iran: 1960–2010. Int. J. Biometeorol. 58:8 (2014), 1811–1815.
Ghanghermeh, A.A., Roshan, G.R., Shahkooeei, E., Evaluation of the effect of Siberia's high pressure extension on daily minimum temperature changes in Iran. Model. Earth Syst. Environ., 1(3), 2015, 20.
Gill, S.E., Handley, J.F., Ennos, A.R., Pauleit, S., Adapting cities for climate change: the role of the green infrastructure. Built. Environ. 33:1 (2007), 115–133.
Grillakis, M.G., Koutroulis, A.G., Seiradakis, K.D., Tsanis, I.K., Implications of 2 C global warming in European summer tourism. Climate Serv. 1 (2016), 30–38.
Hang, J., Li, Y., Ventilation strategy and air change rates in idealized high-rise compact urban areas. Build. Environ. 45:12 (2010), 2754–2767.
Hang, J., Li, Y., Sandberg, M., Claesson, L., Wind conditions and ventilation in high-rise long street models. Build. Environ. 45:6 (2010), 1353–1365.
Hanipah, M., Abdullah, A., Che Sidek, N., Yunus, R., Nagapan, S., Yassin, M., Muhammad Yazid, M., Wind characteristics and outdoor thermal comfort assessment in East Malaysia. Pertanika J. Sci. Technol. 25 (2017), 63–71.
Hashemi-Tilehnoee, M., Babayani, D., Khaleghi, M., Evaluating wind energy potential in Gorgan-Iran using two methods of Weibull distribution function. Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev., 5(1), 2016, 43.
Herrera, M., Natarajan, S., Coley, D.A., Kershaw, T., Ramallo-González, A.P., Eames, M., Fosas, D., Wood, M., A review of current and future weather data for building simulation. Build. Serv. Eng. Technol. 38:5 (2017), 602–627.
Höppe, P., Die Wärmebilanzmodelle MEMI und IMEM zur Bewertung der thermischen Beanspruchung am Arbeitsplatz. Verh. Dtsch. Ges. Arbeitsmed. Umweltmed. 34 (1994), 153–158.
Höppe, P., Die energiebilanz des menschen, vol. 49, 1984, Universitat Munchen, Meteorologisches Institut.
Höppe, P., The physiological equivalent temperature–a universal index for the biometeorological assessment of the thermal environment. Int. J. Biometeorol. 43:2 (1999), 71–75.
Houghten, F.C., Determining lines of equal comfort. ASHVE Trans. 29 (1923), 163–176.
Jahromi, A.S.A., Mehrfar, H., Azad, M.T., Raeisi, A., Feasibility study on wind farm construction in Gorgan Bay using GIS. Res. Mar. Sci. 2:4 (2017), 210–220.
Jamei, E., Rajagopalan, P., Seyedmahmoudian, M., Jamei, Y., Review on the impact of urban geometry and pedestrian level greening on outdoor thermal comfort. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 54 (2016), 1002–1017.
Ketterer, C., Matzarakis, A., Human-biometeorological assessment of heat stress reduction by replanning measures in Stuttgart, Germany. Landsc. Urban Plann. 122 (2014), 78–88.
Liu, A., Xu, Q., Gao, J., Xu, Z., Han, L., Improving schoolyard wind environments: case studies in two schools in Nanjing. Geographica Pannonica 23:4 (2019), 256–268.
Liu, J., Niu, J., Mak, C.M., Xia, Q., Detached eddy simulation of pedestrian-level wind and gust around an elevated building. Build. Environ. 125 (2017), 168–179.
Matzarakis, A., Mayer, H., Another kind of environmental stress: thermal stress. WHO Newsletter 18:January 1996 (1996), 7–10.
Matzarakis, A., Rutz, F., Mayer, H., Modelling radiation fluxes in simple and complex environments—application of the RayMan model. Int. J. Biometeorol. 51:4 (2007), 323–334.
Matzarakis, A., Rammelberg, J., Junk, J., Assessment of thermal bioclimate and tourism climate potential for central Europe—the example of Luxembourg. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 114:1–2 (2013), 193–202.
Matzarakis, A., Rutz, F., Mayer, H., Modelling radiation fluxes in simple and complex environments: basics of the RayMan model. Int. J. Biometeorol. 54:2 (2010), 131–139.
Meteotest, M.V., Global Meteorological Database for Engineers. 2009, Planners and Education. Bern, Switzerland.
Milošević, D.D., Bajšanski, I.V., Savić, S.M., Influence of changing trees locations on thermal comfort on street parking lot and footways. Urban For. Urban Green. 23 (2017), 113–124.
Mohan, S., Bhaskaran, P.K., Evaluation and bias correction of global climate models in the CMIP5 over the Indian Ocean region. Environ. Monit. Assess., 191(3), 2019, 806.
Morakinyo, T.E., Ouyang, W., Lau, K.K.L., Ren, C., Ng, E., Right tree, right place (urban canyon): tree species selection approach for optimum urban heat mitigation-development and evaluation. Sci. Total Environ., 719, 2020, 137461.
Müller, N., Kuttler, W., Barlag, A.B., Counteracting urban climate change: adaptation measures and their effect on thermal comfort. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 115:1–2 (2014), 243–257.
Nakicenovic, N., Alcamo, J., Grubler, A., Riahi, K., Roehrl, R.A., Rogner, H.-H., Victor, N., Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES), a Special Report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change., 2000, Cambridge University Press.
Nematchoua, M.K., Yvon, A., Kalameu, O., Asadi, S., Choudhary, R., Reiter, S., Impact of climate change on demands for heating and cooling energy in hospitals: an in-depth case study of six islands located in the Indian Ocean region. Sustain. Cities Soc. 44 (2019), 629–645.
Niu, J., Liu, J., Lee, T.-c., Lin, Z.J., Mak, C., Tse, K.-T., Tang, B.-s., Kwok, K.C., A new method to assess spatial variations of outdoor thermal comfort: onsite monitoring results and implications for precinct planning. Build. Environ. 91 (2015), 263–270.
Osman, M.M., Sevinc, H., Adaptation of climate-responsive building design strategies and resilience to climate change in the hot/arid region of Khartoum, Sudan. Sustain. Cities Soc., 47, 2019, 101429.
Paramita, B., Matzarakis, A., Urban morphology aspects on microclimate in a hot and humid climate. Geographica Pannonica 23:4 (2019), 398–410.
Potchter, O., Cohen, P., Lin, T.-P., Matzarakis, A., Outdoor human thermal perception in various climates: a comprehensive review of approaches, methods and quantification. Sci. Total Environ. 631 (2018), 390–406.
Raziei, T., Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification of Iran and Investigation of its Changes during 20th Century. 2017.
Remund, J., Quality of Meteonorm Version 6.0. Europe, vol. 6, 2008, 389 1.1.
Remund, J., Müller, S.C., Schilter, C., Rihm, B., The use of Meteonorm weather generator for climate change studies. 10th EMS Annual Meeting, 10th European Conference on Applications of Meteorology (ECAM) Abstracts, Held Sept. 13-17, 2010, 2010 Zürich, Switzerland http://Meetings.Copernicus. Org/Ems2010/,Id.EMS2010-417.
Remund, J., Grossenbacher, U., November. Urban climate scenario data for European cities. J. Phys. Conf., 1343(1), 2019, 12019 (IOP Publishing).
Robert, A., Kummert, M., Designing net-zero energy buildings for the future climate, not for the past. Build. Environ. 55 (2012), 150–158.
Roshan, G., Comparison of impact of climate change on building energy-saving design for two different climates; Metropolitans of Moscow and Tehran. Erath Space Phys. 45 (2020), 189–202.
Roshan, G.R., Orosa, J.A., Nasrabadi, T., Simulation of climate change impact on energy consumption in buildings, case study of Iran. Energy Pol. 49 (2012), 731–739.
Roshan, G., Grab, S.W., Najafi, M.S., The role of physical geographic parameters affecting past (1980–2010) and future (2020–2049) thermal stress in Iran. Nat. Hazards, 2020, 10.1007/s11069-020-03930-z.
Rosselló-Nadal, J., How to evaluate the effects of climate change on tourism. Tourism Manag. 42 (2014), 334–340.
Sadeghi, M., de Dear, R., Wood, G., Samali, B., Development of a bioclimatic wind rose tool for assessment of comfort wind resources in Sydney, Australia for 2013 and 2030. Int. J. Biometeorol. 62:11 (2018), 1963–1972.
Setoodeh, P., Safavi, S., Nazem, A.S., Intelligent Forecasting of Rainfall and Temperature of Shiraz City Using Neural Networks. 2004.
Shashua-Bar, L., Tsiros, I.X., Hoffman, M., Passive cooling design options to ameliorate thermal comfort in urban streets of a Mediterranean climate (Athens) under hot summer conditions. Build. Environ. 57 (2012), 110–119.
Soligo, M.J., Irwin, P.A., Williams, C.J., Schuyler, G.D., A comprehensive assessment of pedestrian comfort including thermal effects. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod. 77 (1998), 753–766.
Stathopoulos, T., Pedestrian level winds and outdoor human comfort. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod. 94:11 (2006), 769–780.
Steadman, R.G., Indices of windchill of clothed persons. J. Appl. Meteorol. 10:4 (1971), 674–683.
Steadman, R.G., The assessment of sultriness. Part I: a temperature-humidity index based on human physiology and clothing science. J. Appl. Meteorol. 18:7 (1979), 861–873.
Steadman, R.G., The assessment of sultriness. Part II: effects of wind, extra radiation and barometric pressure on apparent temperature. J. Appl. Meteorol. 18:7 (1979), 874–885.
Tan, Z., Lau, K.K.L., Ng, E., Planning strategies for roadside tree planting and outdoor comfort enhancement in subtropical high-density urban areas. Build. Environ. 120 (2017), 93–109.
Thom, E.C., The discomfort index. Weatherwise 12:2 (1959), 57–61.
Wang, X., Liu, F., Xu, Z., Analysis of urban public spaces' wind environment by applying the CFD simulation method: a case study in Nanjing. Geographica Pannonica 23:4 (2019), 308–317.
Wu, Y., Niu, J., Numerical study of inter-building dispersion in residential environments: prediction methods evaluation and infectious risk assessment. Build. Environ. 115 (2017), 199–214.
Xie, Y., Huang, T., Li, J., Liu, J., Niu, J., Mak, C.M., Lin, Z., Evaluation of a multi-nodal thermal regulation model for assessment of outdoor thermal comfort: sensitivity to wind speed and solar radiation. Build. Environ. 132 (2018), 45–56.
Yaglou, C.P., Minard, D., Control of Heat Casualties at Military Training Centers. 1957, American Medical Association Archives of Industrial Health.
Yuan, C., Urban Wind Environment: Integrated Climate-Sensitive Planning and Design. 2018, Springer.