L'évolution de la Meuse de Toul à Maastricht depuis le miocène : corrélations chronologiques et traces des captures de la Meuse Lorraine d'après les minéraux denses

For the first time, the terraces of the Meuse between Toul and Maastricht have been correlated, and this has made it possible to extend the dating of the terraces in The Netherlands to those in the Paris basin. These correlations allow us to propose ages for the captures which took place in the upper part of the Meuse. The following conclusions may be drawn: 1) The capture of the Meuse of Lorraine by the Meuse of Dinant occurred during the Miocene; indications of this capture are found in the sandy Miocene deposits of Opgrimbie (N. Belgium, west of the Meuse). 2) The capture of the Aisne is demonstrated for the first time by a sudden decrease of the content of tourmaline. This occurred after the formation of terrace no. 5 and before the formation of terrace no. 4′ (Pissart, 1961). These terraces correspond with the terraces of St Geertruid 1 and St Geertruid 2 (Felder et al., 1989), respectively. This capture, which took place at about 900,000 y BP, caused a considerable decrease in the discharge of the Meuse and this explains the relatively slight incision of the river in the southern Ardennes and, consequently, in the Paris Basin during this period. 3) The capture of the Meuse by the Bar took place at about the same time (terrace no. 4′). 4) The capture of the Moselle occurred between Saalian 2 and Saalian 1, about 250,000 y BP. 5) It has been impossible to determine the age of the capture of the Aire. It is probable that this capture happened before the diversion of the Moselle to the Rhine. The terraces of the Meuse do not show any trace of updoming of the Ardennes.