Weiser TG, Regenbogen SE, Thompson KD et al. An estimation of the global volume of surgery: a modelling strategy based on available data. Lancet, 2008; 372: 139-144.
Haynes AB, Weiser TG, Berry WR et al. A surgical safety checklist to reduce morbidity and mortality in a global population. N Engl J Med, 2009; 360: 491-499.
Devereaux PJ, Chan MT, Alonso-Coello P et al. Association between post-operative troponin levels and 30-day mortality among patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. JAMA, 2012; 307: 2295-2304.
Naughton C, Feneck RO. The impact of age on 6-month survival in patients with cardiovascular risk factors undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery. Int J Clin Pract, 2007; 61: 768-776.
Mangano DT. Peri-operative medicine: NHLBI working group deliberations and recommendations. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 2004; 18: 1-6.
Ferguson TB, Hammill BG, Peterson ED et al. A decade of change: Risk profiles and outcomes for isolated coronary artery bypass grafting procedures, 1990-1999: A report from the STS National Database Committee and the Duke Clinical Research Institute. Ann Thorac Surg, 2002; 73: 480-489.
Carroll K, Majeed A, Firth C et al. Prevalence and management of coronary heart disease in primary care: population-based cross-sectional study using a disease register. J Public Health Med, 2003; 25: 29-35.
Fletcher HR, Milhoan LH, Evans K et al. Patients with aortic stenosis: who should undergo noncardiac surgery in a rural hospital? J Perianesth Nurs, 2013; 28: 368-376.
Wirthlin DJ, Cambria RP. Surgery-specific considerations in the cardiac patient undergoing noncardiac surgery. Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 1998; 40: 453-468.
Guay J, Choi P, Suresh S et al. Neuraxial blockade for the prevention of post-operative mortality and major morbidity: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2014; 1: CD010108.
Glance LG, Lustik SJ, Hannan EL et al. The Surgical Mortality Probability Model: derivation and validation of a simple risk prediction rule for noncardiac surgery. Ann Surg, 2012; 255: 696-702.
Wang CL, Qu G, Xu HW. The short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic vs. open surgery for colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2014; 29: 309-320.
Rosenmüller MH, Thorén Örnberg M, Myrnäs T et al. Expertise-based randomized clinical trial of laparoscopic vs. small-incision open cholecystectomy. Br J Surg, 2013; 100: 886-894.
Bauer SM, Cayne NS, Veith FJ. New developments in the pre-operative evaluation and peri-operative management of coronary artery disease in patients undergoing vascular surgery. J Vasc Surg, 2010; 51: 242-251.
Brown LC, Powell JT, Thompson SG et al. The UK EndoVascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) trials: randomised trials of EVAR vs. standard therapy. Health Technol Assess, 2012; 16: 1-218.
Stather PW, Sidloff D, Dattani N et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the early and late outcomes of open and endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Br J Surg, 2013; 100: 863-872.
Paravastu SC, Jayarajasingam R, Cottam R et al. Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 1: CD004178.
Antoniou GA, Chalmers N, Georgiadis GS et al. A meta-analysis of endovascular vs. surgical reconstruction of femoropopliteal arterial disease. J Vasc Surg, 2013; 57: 242-253.
Tendera M, Aboyans V, Bartelink ML et al. ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral artery diseases: Document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteries: the Task Force on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Artery Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J, 2011; 32: 2851-2906.
Liu ZJ, Fu WG, Guo ZY et al. Updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing carotid artery stenting and carotid endarterectomy in the treatment of carotid stenosis. Ann Vasc Surg, 2012; 26: 576-590.
Cutlip DE, Pinto DS. Extracranial carotid disease revascularization. Circulation 2012; 126: 2636-2644.
Naylor AR. Time to rethink management strategies in asymptomatic carotid artery disease. Nat Rev Cardiol, 2012; 9: 116-124.
Nallamothu BK, Gurm HS, Ting HH et al. Operator experience and carotid stenting outcomes in Medicare beneficiaries. JAMA, 2011; 306: 1338-1343.
Holte K, Kehlet H. Post-operative ileus: a preventable event. Br J Surg, 2000; 87: 1480-1493.
Popescu WM, Bell R, Duffy AJ et al. A pilot study of patients with clinically severe obesity undergoing laparoscopic surgery: evidence for impaired cardiac performance. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 2011; 25: 943-949.
Lestar M, Gunnarsson L, Lagerstrand L et al. Hemodynamic perturbations during robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in 458 Trendelenburg position. Anesth Analg, 2011; 113: 1069-1075.
Hirvonen EA, Nuutinen LS, Kauko M. Hemodynamic changes due to Trendelenburg positioning and pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic hysterectomy. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 1995; 39: 949-955.
Nguyen NT, Wolfe BM. The physiologic effects of pneumoperitoneumin the morbidly obese. Ann Surg, 2005; 241: 219-226.
Keus F, Gooszen HG, van Laarhoven CJ. Open, small-incision, or laparoscopic cholecystectomy for patients with symptomatic cholecystolithiasis. An overview of Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010: CD008318.
Mamidanna R, Burns EM, Bottle A et al. Reduced risk of medical morbidity and mortality in patients selected for laparoscopic colorectal resection in England: a population-based study. Arch Surg, 2012; 147: 219-227.
Cirocchi R, Farinella E, Trastulli S et al. Elective sigmoid colectomy for diverticular disease. Laparoscopic vs. open surgery: a systematic review. Colorectal Dis, 2012; 14: 671-683.
Murr MM, Martin T, Haines K et al. A state-wide review of contemporary outcomes of gastric bypass in Florida: does provider volume impact outcomes? Ann Surg, 2007; 245: 699-706.
Grailey K, Markar SR, Karthikesalingam A et al. Laparoscopic vs. open colorectal resection in the elderly population. Surg Endosc, 2013; 27: 19-30.
Cao C, Manganas C, Ang SC et al. Video-assisted thoracic surgery vs. open thoracotomy for non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis of propensity score-matched patients. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2013; 16: 244-249.
De Martino RR, Brooke BS, Robinson W et al. Designation as "unfit for open repair" is associated with poor outcomes after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes, 2013; 6: 575-581.
Hlatky MA, Boineau RE, Higginbotham MB et al. Abrief self-administered questionnaire to determine functional capacity (the Duke Activity Status Index). Am J Cardiol, 1989; 64: 651-654.
Fletcher GF, Balady GJ, Amsterdam EA et al. Exercise standards for testing and training: A statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 2001; 104: 1694-1740.
Biccard BM. Relationship between the inability to climb two flights of stairs and outcome after major non-cardiac surgery: implications for the pre-operative assessment of functional capacity. Anaesthesia 2005; 60: 588-593.
Wiklund RA, Stein HD, Rosenbaum SH. Activities of daily living and cardiovascular complications following elective, noncardiac surgery. Yale J Biol Med, 2001; 74: 75-87.
Morris CK, Ueshima K, Kawaguchi T et al. The prognostic value of exercise capacity: a review of the literature. Am Heart J, 1991; 122: 1423-1431.
Goldman L, Caldera DL, Nussbaum SR et al. Multifactorial index of cardiac risk in noncardiac surgical procedures. N Engl J Med, 1977; 297: 845-850.
Detsky AS, Abrams HB, Forbath N et al. Cardiac assessment for patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. A multifactorial clinical risk index. Arch Intern Med, 1986; 146: 2131-2134.
Lee TH, Marcantonio ER, Mangione CM et al. Derivation and prospective validation of a simple index for prediction of cardiac risk of major noncardiac surgery. Circulation 1999; 100: 1043-1049.
Gupta PK, Gupta H, Sundaram A et al. Development and validation of a risk calculator for prediction of cardiac risk after surgery. Circulation, 2011; 124: 381-387.
Ford MK, Beattie WS, Wijeysundera DN. Systematic review: prediction of perioperative cardiac complications and mortality by the revised cardiac risk index. Ann Intern Med., 2010; 152: 26-35.
Maisel AS, Bhalla V, Braunwald E. Cardiac biomarkers: a contemporary status report. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med, 2006; 3: 24-34.
Weber M, Luchner A, Seeberger M et al. Incremental value of high-sensitive troponin T in addition to the revised cardiac index for peri-operative risk stratification in non-cardiac surgery. Eur Heart J, 2013; 34: 853-862.
Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS et al. Third universal definition of myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J, 2012; 33: 2551-2567.
Wang TJ, Larson MG, Levy D et al. Plasma natriuretic peptide levels and the risk of cardiovascular events and death. N Engl J Med, 2004; 350: 655-663.
Dernellis J, Panaretou M. Assessment of cardiac risk before non-cardiac surgery: brain natriuretic peptide in 1590 patients. Heart 2006; 92: 1645-1650.
Rodseth RN, Padayachee L, Biccard BM. A meta-analysis of the utility of preoperative brain natriuretic peptide in predicting early and intermediate-term mortality and major adverse cardiac events in vascular surgical patients. Anaesthesia, 2008; 63: 1226-1233.
Karthikeyan G, Moncur RA, Levine O et al. Is a pre-operative brain natriuretic peptide or N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide measurement an independent predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes within 30 days of noncardiac surgery? Asystematic reviewand meta-analysis of observational studies. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2009; 54: 1599-1606.
Moonesinghe SR, Mythen MG, Das P et al. Risk stratification tools for predicting morbidity and mortality in adult patients undergoing major surgery: qualitative systematic review. Anesthesiology, 2013; 119: 959-981.
Rodseth RN, Biccard BM, Le Manach Y et al. The prognostic value of pre-operative and post-operative B-type natriuretic peptides in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: B-type natriuretic peptide and N-terminal fragment of pro-B-type natriuretic peptide: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2014; 63: 170-180.
Montalescot G, Sechtem U, Achenbach S et al. 2013 ESC guidelines on the management of stable coronary artery disease: The Task Force on the management of stable coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J, 2013; 34: 2949-3003.
Jeger RV, Probst C, Arsenic R et al. Longterm prognostic value of the pre-operative 12-lead electrocardiogram before major noncardiac surgery in coronary artery disease. Am Heart J, 2006; 151: 508-513.
Halm EA, Browner WS, Tubau JF et al. Echocardiography for assessing cardiac risk in patients having noncardiac surgery. Study of Peri-operative Ischemia Research Group. Ann Intern Med, 1996; 125: 433-441.
Rohde LE, Polanczyk CA, Goldman L et al. Usefulness of transthoracic echocardiography as a tool for risk stratification of patients undergoing major noncardiac surgery. Am J Cardiol, 2001; 87: 505-509.
Etchells E, Meade M, Tomlinson G et al. Semi-quantitative dipyridamole myocardial stress perfusion imaging for cardiac risk assessment before noncardiac vascular surgery: a metaanalysis. J Vasc Surg, 2002; 36: 534-540.
Shaw LJ, Eagle KA, Gersh BJ et al. Meta-analysis of intravenous dipyridamolethallium-201 imaging (1985 to 1994) and dobutamine echocardiography (1991 to 1994) for risk stratification before vascular surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1996; 27: 787-798.
Sicari R, Nihoyannopoulos P, Evangelista A et al. Stress Echocardiography Expert Consensus Statement: Executive Summary: European Association of Echocardiography (EAE) (a registered branch of the ESC). Eur Heart J, 2009; 30: 278-289.
Das MK, Pellikka PA, Mahoney DW et al. Assessment of cardiac risk before nonvascular surgery: dobutamine stress echocardiography in 530 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2000; 35: 1647-1653.
Raux M, Godet G, Isnard R et al. Low negative predictive value of dobutamine stress echocardiography before abdominal aortic surgery. Br J Anaesth, 2006; 97: 770-776.
Labib SB, Goldstein M, Kinnunen PM et al. Cardiac events in patients with negative maximal vs. negative submaximal dobutamine echocardiograms undergoing noncardiac surgery: importance of resting wall motion abnormalities. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2004; 44: 82-87.
Nandalur KR, Dwamena BA, Choudhri AF et al. Diagnostic performance of stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the detection of coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2007; 50: 1343-1353.
Schwitter J, Wacker CM, Wilke N et al. MR-IMPACT II: Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Myocardial Perfusion Assessment in Coronary artery disease Trial: perfusion-cardiac magnetic resonance vs. single-photon emission computed tomography for the detection of coronary artery disease: a comparative multicentre, multivendor trial. Eur Heart J, 2013; 34: 775-781.
Rerkpattanapipat P, Morgan TM, Neagle CM et al. Assessment of pre-operative cardiac risk with magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Cardiol, 2002; 90: 416-419.
Vahanian A, Alfieri O, Andreotti F et al. Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012): The Joint Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J, 2012; 33: 2451-2496.
Knuuti J, Bengel F, Bax JJ et al. Risks and benefits of cardiac imaging: an analysis of risks related to imaging for coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J, 2013; 35: 633-638.
Schein OD, Katz J, Bass EB etal. The value of routine pre-operative medical testing before cataract surgery. Study of Medical Testing for Cataract Surgery. N Engl J Med, 2000; 342: 168-175.
Patel MR, Bailey SR, Bonow RO et al. ACCF/SCAI/AATS/AHA/ASE//ASNC/HFSA/HRS/SCCM/SCCT/SCMR/STS 2012 appropriate use criteria for diagnostic catheterization: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American Heart Association, American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Rhythm Society, Society of Critical Care Medicine, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2012; 59: 1995-2027.
Hamm CW, Bassand JP, Agewall S et al. ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J, 2011; 32: 2999-3054.
Wijns W, Kolh P, Danchin N et al. Guidelines on myocardial revascularization. Eur Heart J, 2010; 31: 2501-2555.
Steg PG, James SK, Atar D et al. ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J, 2012; 33: 2569-2619.
Illuminati G, Ricco JB, Greco C et al. Systematic pre-operative coronary angiography and stenting improves post-operative results of carotid endarterectomy in patients with asymptomatic coronary artery disease: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 2010; 39: 139-145.
Lüscher TF, Gersh B, Landmesser U et al. Is the panic about beta-blockers in peri-operative care justified? Eur Heart, J 2014 epub ahead of print.
Devereaux PJ, Yang H, Yusuf S et al. Effects of extendedrelease metoprolol succinate in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery (POISE trial): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 2008; 371: 1839-1847.
Zaugg M, Bestmann L, Wacker J et al. Adrenergic receptor genotype but not peri-operative bisoprolol therapy may determine cardiovascular outcome in at-risk patients undergoing surgery with spinal block: The Swiss Beta Blocker in Spinal Anesthesia (BBSA) study: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial with 1-year follow-up. Anesthesiology, 2007; 107: 33-44.
Yang H, Raymer K, Butler R et al. The effects of peri-operative betablockade: results of the Metoprolol after Vascular Surgery (MaVS) study, a randomized controlled trial. Am Heart J, 2006; 152: 983-990.
Juul AB, Grp DT. Effect of peri-operative beta blockade in patients with diabetes undergoing major non-cardiac surgery: randomised placebo controlled, blinded multicentre trial. BMJ, 2006; 332: 1482-1485.
Brady AR, Gibbs JS, Greenhalgh RM et al. Peri-operative betablockade (POBBLE) for patients undergoing infrarenal vascular surgery: results of a randomized double-blind controlled trial. J Vasc Surg, 2005; 41: 602-609.
Mangano DT, Layug EL, Wallace A, Tateo I. Effect of atenolol on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity after noncardiac surgery. Multicenter Study of Peri-operative Ischemia Research Group. N Engl J Med., 1996; 335: 1713-1720.
Alonso-Coello P, Paniagua P, Mizera R et al. Should physicians initiate beta-blocker therapy in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery? Insights from the POISE trial. Pol Arch Med Wewn, 2008; 118: 616-618.
Bouri S, Shun-Shin MJ, Cole GD et al. Meta-analysis of secure randomised controlled trials of beta-blockade to prevent peri-operative death in noncardiac surgery. Heart, 2014; 100: 456-464.
Angeli F, Verdecchia P, Karthikeyan G et al. β-Blockers reduce mortality in patients undergoing high-risk non-cardiac surgery. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs, 2010; 10: 247-259.
Devereaux PJ, Beattie WS, Choi PT et al. How strong is the evidence for the use of peri-operative beta blockers in non-cardiac surgery? Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ (Clinical research ed), 2005; 331: 313-321.
McGory ML, Maggard MA, Ko CY. Ameta-analysis of peri-operative beta blockade: what is the actual risk reduction? Surgery, 2005; 138: 171-179.
Stevens RD, Burri H, Tramer MR. Pharmacologic myocardial protection in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a quantitative systematic review. Anesth Analg, 2003; 97: 623-633.
Wiesbauer F, Schlager O, Domanovits H et al. Peri-operative beta-blockers for preventing surgery-related mortality and morbidity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Anesth Analg, 2007; 104: 27-41.
Auerbach AD, Goldman L. b-Blockers and reduction of cardiac events in noncardiac surgery: scientific review. JAMA, 2002; 287: 1435-1444.
Bangalore S, Wetterslev J, Pranesh S et al. Peri-operative beta blockers in patients having non-cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis. Lancet, 2008; 372: 1962-1976.
Leibowitz AB. Can meta-analysis of the current literature help determine if peri-operative beta-blockers improve outcome of high-risk patients undergoing noncardiac surgery? J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 2010; 24: 217-218.
Beattie WS, Wijeysundera DN, Karkouti K et al. Does tight heart rate control improve beta-blocker efficacy? An updated analysis of the noncardiac surgical randomized trials. Anesth Analg, 2008; 106: 1039-1048.
Lindenauer PK, Pekow P, Wang KJ et al. Peri-operative beta-blocker therapy and mortality after major noncardiac surgery. N Engl J Med, 2005; 353: 349-361.
Shammash JB, Trost JC, Gold JM et al. Peri-operative beta-blocker withdrawal and mortality in vascular surgical patients. Am Heart J, 2001; 141: 148-153.
London MJ, Hur K, Schwartz GG et al. Association of peri-operative beta-blockade with mortality and cardiovascular morbidity following major noncardiac surgery. JAMA, 2013; 309: 1704-1713.
Wallace AW, Au S, Cason BA. Association of the pattern of use of peri-operative beta-blockade and post-operative mortality. Anesthesiology, 2010; 113: 794-805.
Kwon S, Thompson R, Florence M et al. b-blocker continuation after noncardiac surgery: a report from the surgical care and outcomes assessment program. Arch Surg, 2012; 147: 467-473.
Wallace AW, Au S, Cason BA. Peri-operative beta-blockade: atenolol is associated with reduced mortality when compared with metoprolol. Anesthesiology, 2011; 114: 824-836.
Redelmeier D, Scales D, Kopp A. b-blockers for elective surgery in elderly patients: population based, retrospective cohort study. BMJ (Clinical research ed), 2005; 331: 932.
Ashes C, Judelman S, Wijeysundera DN et al. Selective b1-Antagonism with Bisoprolol Is Associated with Fewer Post-operative Strokes than Atenolol or Metoprolol: A Single-center Cohort Study of 44,092 Consecutive Patients. Anesthesiology, 2013; 119: 777-787.
Ellenberger C, Tait G, Beattie WS. Chronic beta blockade is associated with a better outcome after elective noncardiac surgery than acute beta blockade: a single-center propensity-matched cohort study. Anesthesiology, 2011; 114: 817-823.
Walsh M, Devereaux PJ, Garg AX et al. Relationship between intra-operative mean arterial pressure and clinical outcomes after noncardiac surgery: toward an empirical definition of hypotension. Anesthesiology, 2013; 119: 507-515.
Andersson C, Mérie C, Jørgensen M et al. Association of b-Blocker Therapy With Risks of Adverse Cardiovascular Events and Deaths in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study. JAMA Intern Med, 2014; 174: 336-344.
Wallace A, Layug B, Tateo I et al. Prophylactic atenolol reduces post-operative myocardial ischemia. McSPI Research Group. Anesthesiology, 1998; 88: 7-17.
Lindenauer PK, Pekow P, Wang K et al. Lipid-lowering therapy and in-hospital mortality following major noncardiac surgery. JAMA, 2004; 291: 2092-2099.
Desai H, Aronow WS, Ahn C et al. Incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction and of 2-year mortality in 577 elderly patients undergoing noncardiac vascular surgery treated with and without statins. Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 2010; 51: 149-151.
Lau WC, Froehlich JB, Jewell ES et al. Impact of adding aspirin to beta-blocker and statin in high-risk patients undergoing major vascular surgery. Ann Vasc Surg, 2013; 27: 537-545.
Durazzo AE, Machado FS, Ikeoka DT et al. Reduction in cardiovascular events after vascular surgery with atorvastatin: a randomized trial. J Vasc Surg, 2004; 39: 967-975; discussion 975-966.
Chopra V, Wesorick DH, Sussman JB et al. Effect of peri-operative statins on death, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and length of stay: a systematic reviewand meta-analysis. Arch Surg, 2012; 147: 181-189.
Winchester DE, Wen X, Xie L et al. Evidence of pre-procedural statin therapy a meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2010; 56: 1099-1109.
Le Manach Y, Ibanez Esteves C, Bertrand M et al. Impact of pre-operative statin therapy on adverse post-operative outcomes in patients undergoing vascular surgery. Anesthesiology, 2011; 114: 98-104.
Sanders RD, Nicholson A, Lewis SR et al Peri-operative statin therapy for improving outcomes during and after noncardiac vascular surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2013; 7: CD009971.
McNally MM, Agle SC, Parker FM et al. Preoperative statin therapy is associated with improved outcomes and resource utilization in patients undergoing aortic aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg, 2010; 51: 1390-1396.
Verzini F, De Rango P, Parlani GE et al. Effects of statins on early and late results of carotid stenting. J Vasc Surg, 2011; 53: 71-79; discussion 79.
Le Manach Y, Godet G, Coriat P et al. The impact of post-operative discontinuation or continuation of chronic statin therapy on cardiac outcome after major vascular surgery. Anesth Analg, 2007; 104: 1326-1333.
Kertai MD, Westerhout CM, Varga KS et al. Dihydropiridine calcium channel blockers and peri-operative mortality in aortic aneurysm surgery. Br J Anaesthesia, 2008; 101: 458-465.
Devereaux PJ, Sessler DI, Leslie K et al. Clonidine in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. N Engl J Med, 2014; 370: 1504-1513.
Burger W, Chemnitius JM, Kneissl GD et al. Low-dose aspirin for secondary cardiovascular prevention: cardiovascular risks after its peri-operative withdrawal vs. bleeding risks with its continuation: review and meta-analysis. J Int Med., 2005; 257: 399-414.
Devereaux PJ, Mrkobrada M, Sessler DI et al. Aspirin in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. N Engl J Med, 2014; 370: 1494-1503.
Patrono C, Andreotti F, Arnesen H et al. Anti-platelet agents for the treatment and prevention of atherothrombosis. Eur Heart J, 2011; 32: 2922-2932.
Korte W, Cattaneo M, Chassot PG et al. Peri-operative management of anti-platelet therapy in patients with coronary artery disease: joint position paper by members of the working group on Peri-operative Haemostasis of the Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Research (GTH), the working group on Peri-operative Coagulation of the Austrian Society for Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care (ÖGARI) and the Working Group Thrombosis of the European Society for Cardiology (ESC). Thromb Haemost, 2011; 105: 743-749.
Sun JC, Whitlock R, Cheng J et al. The effect of pre-operative aspirin on bleeding, transfusion, myocardial infarction, and mortality in coronary artery bypass surgery: a systematic reviewof randomized and observational studies. Eur Heart J, 2008; 29: 1057-1071.
Hawn MT, Graham LA, Richman JS et al. Risk of major adverse cardiac events following noncardiac surgery in patients with coronary stents. JAMA, 2013; 310: 1462-1472.
Huber KC, Evans MA, Bresnahan JF et al. Outcome of noncardiac operations in patients with severe coronary-artery disease successfully treated pre-operatively with coronary angioplasty. Mayo Clin Proc, 1992; 67: 15-21.
Kaluza GL, Joseph J, Lee JR et al. Catastrophic outcomes of noncardiac surgery soon after coronary stenting. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2000; 35: 1288-1294.
Nuttall GA, Brown MJ, Stombaugh JW et al. Time and cardiac risk of surgery after bare-metal stent percutaneous coronary intervention. Anesthesiology, 2008; 109: 588-595.
Berger PB, Kleiman NS, Pencina MJ A et al. Frequency of major noncardiac surgery and subsequent adverse events in the year after drug-eluting stent placement results from the EVENT (Evaluation of Drug-Eluting Stents and Ischemic Events) Registry. JACC Cardiovasc Interv, 2010; 3: 920-927.
Baber U, Mehran R, Sharma SK et al. Impact of the everolimus eluting stent on stent thrombosis: a meta-analysis of 13 randomized trials. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2011; 58: 1569-1577.
Feres F, Costa RA, Abizaid A et al. Three vs. twelve months of dual anti-platelet therapy after zotarolimus-eluting stents: the OPTIMIZE randomized trial. JAMA, 2013; 310: 2510-2522.
Wijns W, Kolh P, Danchin N et al. Guidelineson myocardial revascularization: The Task Force on Myocardial Revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J, 2010; 31: 2501-2555.
Ferraris VA, Saha SP, Oestreich JH et al. 2012 update to the Society of Thoracic Surgeons guideline on use of anti-platelet drugs in patients having cardiac and noncardiac operations. Ann Thorac Surg, 2012; 94: 1761-1781.
Mahla E, Suarez TA, Bliden KP et al. Platelet function measurement-based strategy to reduce bleeding and waiting time in clopidogrel-treated patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: the timing based on platelet function strategy to reduce clopidogrel-associated bleeding related to CABG (TARGET-CABG) study. Circ Cardiovasc Interv, 2012; 5: 261-269.
Angiolillo DJ, Firstenberg MS, Price MJ et al. Bridging anti-platelet therapy with cangrelor in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 2012; 307: 265-274.
Pengo V, Cucchini U, Denas G et al. Standardized Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Bridging Regimen in Outpatients on Oral Anticoagulants Undergoing Invasive Procedure or Surgery An Inception Cohort Management Study. Circulation, 2009; 119: 2920-2927.
Huber K, Connolly SJ, Kher A et al. Practical use of dabigatran etexilate for strokeprevention in atrial fibrillation. Int J Clin Pract, 2013; 67: 516-526.
De Caterina R, Husted S, Wallentin L et al. New oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation and acute coronary syndromes: ESC Working Group on Thrombosis-Task Force on Anticoagulants in Heart Disease position paper. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2012; 59: 1413-1425.
Heidbuchel H, Verhamme P, Alings M et al. European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of new oral anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Europace 2013; 15: 625-651.
Weitz JI, Quinlan DJ, Eikelboom JW. Periprocedural management and approach to bleeding in patients taking dabigatran. Circulation 2012; 126: 2428-2432.
Eerenberg ES, Kamphuisen PW, Sijpkens MK et al. Reversal of rivaroxaban and dabigatran by prothrombin complex concentrate: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study in healthy subjects. Circulation, 2011; 124: 1573-1579.
Díaz MQ, Borobia AM, Núñez MA et al. Use of prothrombin complex concentrates for urgent reversal of dabigatran in the Emergency Department. Haematologica, 2013; 98: e143-e144.
Camm AJ, Lip GY, De Caterina R et al. 2012 focussed update of the ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: an update of the 2010 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation. Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association. Eur Heart J, 2012; 33: 2719-2747.
Dawood MM, Gutpa DK, Southern J et al. Pathology of fatal peri-operative myocardial infarction: implications regarding pathophysiology and prevention. Int J Cardiol, 1996; 57: 37-44.
Devereaux PJ, Goldman L, Cook DJ et al. Peri-operative cardiac events in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a review of the magnitude of the problem, the pathophysiology of the events and methods to estimate and communicate risk. CMAJ, 2005; 173: 627-634.
Eagle KA, Rihal CS, Mickel MC et al. Cardiac risk of noncardiac surgery: Influence of coronary disease and type of surgery in 3368 operations. Circulation, 1997; 96: 1882-1887.
Mookadam F, Carpenter SD, Thota VR et al. Risk of adverse events after coronary artery bypass graft and subsequent noncardiac surgery. Future Cardiol, 2011; 7: 69-75.
Assali A, Vaknin-Assa H, Lev E et al. The risk of cardiac complications following noncardiac surgery in patients with drug eluting stents implanted at least six months before surgery. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv, 2009; 74: 837-843.
Wijeysundera DN, Wijeysundera HC, Yun L et al. Risk of elective major noncardiac surgery after coronary stent insertion: a population-based study. Circulation, 2012; 126: 1355-1362.
Brilakis ES, Orford JL, Fasseas P et al. Outcome of patients undergoing balloon angioplasty in the two months prior to noncardiac surgery. Am J Cardiol, 2005; 96: 512-514.
McFalls EO, Ward HB, Moritz TE et al. Coronary-artery revascularization before elective major vascular surgery. N Engl J Med, 2004; 351: 2795-2804.
Monaco M, Stassano P, Di Tommaso L et al. Systematic strategy of prophylactic coronary angiography improves long-term outcome after major vascular surgery in medium- to high-risk patients: a prospective, randomized study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2009; 54: 989-996.
Wong EY, Lawrence HP, Wong DT. The effects of prophylactic coronary revascularization or medical management on patient outcomes after noncardiac surgery: a meta-analysis. Can J Anaesth, 2007; 54: 705-717.
Mohr FW, Morice MC, Kappetein AP A et al. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery vs. percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with three-vessel disease and left main coronary disease: 5-year followup of the randomised, clinical SYNTAX trial. Lancet, 2013; 381: 629-638.
Matteau A, Mauri L. Optimal timing of noncardiac surgery after stents. Circulation, 2012; 126: 1322-1324.
Bangalore S, Kumar S, Fusaro M et al. Short- and long-term outcomes with drug-eluting and bare-metal coronary stents: a mixedtreatment comparison analysis of 117 762 patient-years of follow-up from randomized trials. Circulation 2012; 125: 2873-2891.
Livhits M, Gibbons MM, de Virgilio C et al. Coronary revascularization after myocardial infarction can reduce risks of noncardiac surgery. J Am Coll Surg, 2011; 212: 1018-1026.
McMurray JJ, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD et al. ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur J Heart Fail, 2012; 14: 803-869.
Mosterd A, Hoes AW. Clinical epidemiology of heart failure. Heart 2007; 93: 1137-1146.
Sabaté S, Mases A, Guilera N et al. Incidence and predictors of major peri-operative adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events in noncardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth, 2011; 107: 879-890.
Hammill BG, Curtis LH, Bennett-Guerrero E et al. Impact of heart failure on patients undergoing major noncardiac surgery. Anesthesiology 2008; 108: 559-567.
Upshaw J, Kiernan MS. Pre-operative cardiac risk assessment for noncardiac surgery in patients with heart failure. Curr Heart Fail Rep, 2013; 10: 147-156.
Kazmers A, Cerqueira MD, Zierler RE. Peri-operative and late outcome in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction of 35% or less who require major vascular surgery. J Vasc Surg, 1988; 8: 307-315.
Xu-Cai YO, Brotman DJ, Phillips CO et al. Outcomes of patients with stable heart failure undergoing elective noncardiac surgery. Mayo Clin Proc, 2008; 83: 280-288.
Healy KO, Waksmonski CA, Altman RK, et al. Peri-operative outcomeand long-termmortality for heart failure patients undergoing intermediate- and high-risk noncardiac surgery: impact of left ventricular ejection fraction. Congest Heart Fail, 2010; 16: 45-49.
Meta-analysis global group in chronic heart failure (MAGGIC). The survival of patients with heart failure with preserved or reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Eur Heart J, 2012; 33: 1750-1757.
Lang RM, Bierig M, Devereux RB et al. Recommendations for chamber quantification. Eur J Echocardiogr, 2006; 7: 79-108.
Mor-Avi V, Lang RM, Badano LP et al. Current and evolving echocardiographic techniques for the quantitative evaluation of cardiac mechanics: ASE/EAE consensus statement on methodology and indications endorsed by the Japanese Society of Echocardiography. Eur J Echocardiogr, 2011; 12: 167-205.
Wijeysundera DN, Beattie WS, Karkouti K et al. Association of echocardiography before major elective non-cardiac surgery with post-operative survival and length of hospital stay: population based cohort study. BMJ, 2011; 342: d3695.
Canty DJ, Royse CF, Kilpatrick D et al. The impact on cardiac diagnosis and mortality of focussed transthoracic echocardiography in hip fracture surgery patients with increased risk of cardiac disease: a retrospective cohort study. Anaesthesia, 2012; 67: 1202-1209.
Raman SV, Simonetti OP. The CMR examination in heart failure. Heart Fail Clin, 2009; 5: 283-300.
Biccard BM, Lurati Buse GA, Burkhart C et al. The influence of clinical risk factors on pre-operative B-type natriuretic peptide risk stratification of vascular surgical patients. Anaesthesia, 2012; 67: 55-59.
Rajagopalan S, Croal BL, Reeve J et al. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and MACE after major vascular surgery in medium-term follow-up. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 2011; 41: 657-662.
Guazzi M, Adams V, Conraads V et al. EACPR/AHA Joint Scientific Statement. Clinical recommendations for cardiopulmonary exercise testing data assessment in specific patient populations. Eur Heart J, 2012; 33: 2917-2927.
Young EL, Karthikesalingam A, Huddart S et al. A systematic review of the role of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in vascular surgery. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 2012; 44: 64-71.
Smith TB, Stonell C, Purkayastha S et al. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing as a risk assessment method in non cardio-pulmonary surgery: a systematic review. Anaesthesia, 2009; 64: 883-893.
Rosenman DJ, McDonald FS, Ebbert JO et al. Clinical consequences of withholding vs. administering renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system antagonists in the pre-operative period. J Hosp Med., 2008; 3:319-325.
Howell SJ, Sear JW, Foëx P. Hypertension, hypertensive heart disease and peri-operative cardiac risk. Br J Anaesth, 2004; 92: 570-583.
Casadei B, Abuzeid H. Is there a strong rationale for deferring elective surgery in patients with poorly controlled hypertension? J Hypertens, 2005; 23: 19-22.
Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K et al. 2013 ESH/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J, 2013; 34: 2159-2219.
Kihara S, Brimacombe J, Yaguchi Y et al. Hemodynamic responses among three tracheal intubation devices in normotensive and hypertensive patients. Anesth Analg, 2003; 96: 890-895.
Charlson ME, MacKenzie CR, Gold JP et al. Intra-operative blood pressure. What patterns identify patients at risk for post-operative complications? Ann Surg, 1990; 212: 567-580.
Weksler N, Klein M, Szendro G et al. The dilemma of immediate pre-operative hypertension: To treat and operate, or to postpone surgery? J Clin Anesth, 2003; 15: 179-183.
Goldman L, Caldera DL. Risks of general anesthesia and elective operation in the hypertensive patient. Anesthesiology, 1979; 50: 285-292.
Calleja AM, Dommaraju S, Gaddam R et al. Cardiac risk in patients aged.75 years with asymptomatic, severe aortic stenosis undergoing noncardiac surgery. Am J Cardiol, 2010; 105: 1159-1163.
Fleisher LA, Beckman JA, Brown KA et al. ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines on peri-operative cardiovascular evaluation and care for noncardiac surgery: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines on Peri-operative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery) developed in collaboration with the American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Rhythm Society, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, and Society for Vascular Surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2007; 50: e159-e241.
Habib G, Hoen B, Tornos P et al. Guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infective endocarditis (new version 2009): the Task Force on the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) and the International Society of Chemotherapy (ISC) for Infection and Cancer. Eur Heart J, 2009; 30: 2369-2413.
Zipes DP, Camm AJ, Borggrefe M et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: executive summary: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death) Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Eur Heart J, 2006; 27: 2099-2140.
Drew BJ, Ackerman MJ, Funk M et al. Prevention of torsade de pointes in hospital settings: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology Foundation. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2010; 55: 934-947.
Balser JR, Martinez EA, Winters BD et al. Betaadrenergic blockade accelerates conversion of post-operative supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Anesthesiology, 1998; 89: 1052-1059.
Healey JS, Merchant R, Simpson C et al. Canadian Cardiovascular Society/Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society/Canadian Heart Rhythm Society joint position statement on the peri-operative management of patients with implanted pacemakers, defibrillators, and neurostimulating devices. Can J Cardiol, 2012; 28: 141-151.
Bihorac A, Yavas S, Subbiah S et al. Long-term risk of mortality and acute kidney injury during hospitalization after major surgery. Ann Surg, 2009; 249: 851-858.
Kheterpal S, Tremper KK, Heung M et al. Development and validation of an acute kidney injury risk index for patients undergoing general surgery: results from a national data set. Anesthesiology, 2009; 110: 505-515.
Earley A, Miskulin D, Lamb EJ et al. Estimating equations for glomerular filtration rate in the era of creatinine standardization: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med, 2012; 156: 785-795.
KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Kidney Injury. W: Kidney Int Suppl, 2012: 2 (supl. 2): 1-138.
Kellum JA, Lameire N, KDIGO AKI Guideline Work Group. Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of acute kidney injury: a KDIGO summary (Part 1). Crit Care, 2013; 17: 204.
Cruz DN, Goh CY, Marenzi G et al. Renal replacement therapies for prevention of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy: a systematic review. Am J Med, 2012; 125: p66-78.e3.
Jang JS, Jin HY, Seo JS et al. Sodium bicarbonate therapy for the prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circ J, 2012; 76: 2255-2265.
Leoncini M, Toso A, Maioli M et al. Early high-dose rosuvastatin for Contrast-Induced Nephropathy Prevention in Acute Coronary Syndrome. Results from Protective effect of Rosuvastatin and Anti-platelet Therapy On contrast-induced acute kidney injury and myocardial damage in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (PRATO-ACS Study). J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63: 71-79.
Selim M. Peri-operative stroke. N Engl J Med, 2007; 356: 706-713.
Macellari F, Paciaroni M, Agnelli G et al. Peri-operative stroke risk in nonvascular surgery. Cerebrovasc Dis, 2012; 34: 175-181.
Mashour GA, Shanks AM, Kheterpal S. Peri-operative stroke and associated mortality after noncardiac, nonneurologic surgery. Anesthesiology, 2011; 114: 1289-1296.
Ng JL, Chan MT, Gelb AW. Peri-operative stroke in noncardiac, nonneurosurgical surgery. Anesthesiology, 2011; 115: 879-890.
Ahmed B, Al-Khaffaf H. Prevalence of significant asymptomatic carotid artery disease in patients with peripheral vascular disease: a meta-analysis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 2009; 37: 262-271.
Hofmann R, Kypta A, Steinwender C et al. Coronary angiography in patients undergoing carotid artery stenting shows a high incidence of significant coronary artery disease. Heart, 2005; 91: 1438-1441.
Perk J, De Backer G, Gohlke H et al. European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012). The Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts). Eur Heart J, 2012; 33: 1635-1701.
Tendera M, Aboyans V, Bartelink ML et al. ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral artery diseases: document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteries: the Task Force on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Artery Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J, 2011; 32: 2851-2906.
Ashton CM, Petersen NJ, Wray NP et al. The incidence of peri-operative myocardial infarction in men undergoing noncardiac surgery. Ann Intern Med, 1993; 118: 504-510.
Sin DD, Wu LL, Man SFP. The relationship between reduced lung function and cardiovascular mortality: A population-based study and a systematic review of the literature. Chest, 2005; 127: 1952-1959.
Canet J, Gallart L, Gomar C et al. Prediction of postoperative pulmonary complications in a population-based surgical cohort. Anesthesiology, 2010; 113: 1338-1350.
Edrich T, Sadovnikoff N. Anesthesia for patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol, 2010; 23: 18-24.
Chau EH, Lam D, Wong J et al. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: a review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, and peri-operative considerations. Anesthesiology, 2012; 117: 188-205.
Galiè N, Hoeper MM, Humbert M et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS), endorsed by the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT). Eur Heart J, 2009; 30: 2493-2537.
Ramakrishna G, Sprung J, Ravi BS et al. Impact of pulmonary hypertension on the outcomes of noncardiac surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2005; 45: 1691-1699.
Kaw R, Pasupuleti V, Deshpande A et al. Pulmonary hypertension: an important predictor of outcomes in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Respir Med, 2011; 105: 619-624.
Gille J, Seyfarth HJ, Gerlach S et al. Peri-operative anesthesiological management of patients with pulmonary hypertension. Anesthesiol Res Pract, 2012; 2012: 356982.
Price LC, Wort SJ, Finney SJ et al. Pulmonary vascular and right ventricular dysfunction in adult critical care: current and emerging options for management: a systematic literature review. Crit Care 2010; 14: R169.
Baumgartner H, Bonhoeffer P, De Groot NM et al. ESC Guidelines for the management of grown-up congenital heart disease (new version 2010). Eur Heart J, 2010; 31: 2915-2957.
Landesberg G, Luria MH, Cotev S et al. Importance of long-duration post-operative ST-segment depression in cardiac morbidity after vascular surgery. Lancet, 1993; 341: 715-719.
Leung JM, Voskanian A, Bellows WH et al. Automated electrocardiograph ST segment trending monitors: Accuracy in detecting myocardial ischemia. Anesth Analg, 1998; 87: 4-10.
Landesberg G, Mosseri M, Wolf Y et al. Peri-operative myocardial ischemia and infarction: Identification by continuous 12-lead electrocardiogram with online ST-segment monitoring. Anesthesiology, 2002; 96: 264-270.
London MJ, Hollenberg M, Wong MG et al. Intraoperative myocardial ischemia: localization by continuous 12-lead electrocardiography. Anesthesiology, 1988; 69: 232-241.
Martinez EA, Kim LJ, Faraday N et al. Sensitivity of routine intensive care unit surveillance for detecting myocardial ischemia. Crit Care Med, 2003; 31: 2302-2308.
Landesberg G, Shatz V, Akopnik I et al. Association of cardiac troponin, CK-MB, and post-operative myocardial ischemia with longterm survival after major vascular surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2003; 42: 1547-1554.
London MJ, Tubau JF, Wong MG et al. The "natural history" of segmental wall motion abnormalities in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. S.P.I. Research Group. Anesthesiology, 1990; 73: 644-655.
Eisenberg MJ, London MJ, Leung JM et al. Monitoring for myocardial ischemia during noncardiac surgery. A technology assessment of transesophageal echocardiography and 12-lead electrocardiography. The Study of Peri-operative Ischemia Research Group. JAMA, 1992; 268: 210-216.
Thys DM, Abel M, Bollen BA et al. Practice guidelines for peri-operative transesophageal echocardiography: a report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists Task Force on Transesophageal Echocardiography. Anesthesiology, 1996; 84: 986-1006.
Schulmeyer C, Farías J, Rajdl E et al. Utility of transesophageal echocardiography during severe hypotension in non-cardiac surgery. Rev Bras Anestesiol, 2010; 60: 513-521.
Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Technology Assessment Program: Oesophageal Doppler ultrasound-based cardiac output monitoring for real-time therapeutic management of hospitalized patient. MD, USA: Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality, 2007.
NHS Technology Adoption Centre How to why to guides, Doppler guided intraoperative fluid management. Manchester, UK: How to why to guides, Doppler guided intra-operative fluid management, 2010.
Practice guidelines for peri-operative transesophageal echocardiography. An updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists Task Force on Transesophageal Echocardiography. Anesthesiology, 2010; 112: 1084-1096.
Polanczyk CA, Rohde LE, Goldman L et al. Right heart catheterization and cardiac complications in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: an observational study. JAMA, 2001; 286: 309-314.
Rajaram SS, Desai NK, Kalra A et al. Pulmonary artery catheters for adult patients in intensive care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2013; 2: CD003408.
Gan TJ, Soppitt A, Maroof M et al. Goal directed intra-operative fluid administration reduces length of hospital stay after major surgery. Anesthesiology, 2002; 97: 820-826.
IDF Diabetes Atlas. 6th edn. International Diabetes Federation, Brussels 2013.
Marik PE, Preiser JC. Toward understanding tight glycemic control in the ICU: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Chest, 2010; 137: 544-551.
Jacobi J, Bircher N, Krinsley J et al. Guidelines for the use of an insulin infusion for the management of hyperglycemia in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med, 2012; 40: 3251-3276.
Rydén L, Grant PJ, Anker SD et al. ESCGuidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD: the Task Force on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and developed in collaboration with the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Eur Heart J, 2013; 34: 3035-3087.
Pottie K, Jaramillo A, Lewin G et al. Recommendations on screening for type 2 diabetes in adults. CMAJ, 2012; 184: 1687-1696.
De Hert S, Imberger G, Carlisle J et al. Preoperative evaluation of the adult patient undergoing non-cardiac surgery: guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology. Eur J Anaesthesiol, 2011; 28: 684-722.
Bijker JB, Persoon S, Peelen LM et al. Intraoperative hypotension and peri-operative ischemic stroke after general surgery: a nested case-control study. Anesthesiology, 2012; 116: 658-664.
Sessler DI, Sigl JC, Kelley SD et al. Hospital stay and mortality are increased in patients having a "triple low" of low blood pressure, low bispectral index, and low minimum alveolar concentration of volatile anesthesia. Anesthesiology, 2012; 116: 1195-1203.
Landoni G, Greco T, Biondi-Zoccai G et al. Anaesthetic drugs and survival: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized trials in cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth, 2013; 111: 886-896.
Van der Linden PJ, Dierick A, Wilmin S et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing an intra-operative goal-directed strategy with routine clinical practice in patients undergoing peripheral arterial surgery. Eur J Anaesthesiol, 2010; 27: 788-793.
Zangrillo A, Testa V, Aldrovandi V et al. Volatile agents for cardiac protection in noncardiac surgery: a randomized controlled study. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 2011; 25: 902-907.
Lurati Buse GA, Schumacher P, Seeberger E et al. Randomized comparison of sevoflurane vs. propofol to reduce peri-operative myocardial ischemia in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Circulation, 2012; 126: 2696-2704.
De Hert SG. Cardioprotection by volatile anesthetics: what about noncardiac surgery? J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 2011; 25: 899-901.
Rodgers A, Walker N, Schug S et al. Reduction of post-operative mortality and morbidity with epidural or spinal anaesthesia: results from overview of randomised trials. BMJ, 2000; 321: 1493-1497.
Wu CL, Rowlingson AJ, Herbert R et al. Correlation of post-operative epidural analgesia on morbidity and mortality after colectomy in Medicare patients. J Clin Anesth, 2006; 18: 594-599.
Bode RH, Lewis KP, Zarich SW et al. Cardiac outcome after peripheral vascular surgery: comparison of general and regional anesthesia. Anesthesiology, 1996; 84: 3-13.
Mauermann WJ, Shilling AM, Zuo Z. A comparison of neuraxial block vs. general anesthesia for elective total hip replacement: a meta-analysis. Anesth Analg, 2006; 103: 1018-1025.
Rigg JRA, Jamrozik K, Myles PS et al. Epidural anaesthesia and analgesia and outcome of major surgery: a randomised trial. Lancet, 2002; 359: 1276-1282.
Memtsoudis SG, Sun X, Chiu YL et al. Peri-operative comparative effectiveness of anesthetic technique in orthopedic patients. Anesthesiology, 2013; 118: 1046-1058.
Barbosa FT, Jucá MJ, Castro AA et al. Neuraxial anaesthesia for lowerlimb revascularization. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2013; 7: CD007083.
Gogarten W, Vandermeulen E, Van Aken H et al. Regional anaesthesia and antithrombotic agents: recommendations of the European Society of Anaesthesiology. Eur J Anaesthesiol, 2010; 27: 999-1015.
Leslie K, Myles P, Devereaux P et al. Neuraxial block, death and serious cardiovascular morbidity in the POISE trial. Br J Anaesth, 2013; 111: 382-390.
Hamilton MA, Cecconi M, Rhodes A. A systematic reviewand meta-analysis on the use of preemptive hemodynamic intervention to improve post-operative outcomes in moderate and high-risk surgical patients. Anesth Analg, 2011; 112: 1392-1402.
Grocott MP, Dushianthan A, Hamilton MA et al. Peri-operative increase in global blood flow to explicit defined goals and outcomes following surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2012; 11: CD004082.
Cecconi M, Corredor C, Arulkumaran N et al. Clinical review: Goal-directed therapy-what is the evidence in surgical patients? The effect on different risk groups. Crit Care, 2013;17:209.
Arulkumaran N, Corredor C, Hamilton MA et al. Cardiac complications associated with goal-directed therapy in high-risk surgical patients: a meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth, 2014; 112: 648-659.
Haynes AB, Regenbogen SE, Weiser TG et al. Surgical outcome measurement for a global patient population: validation of the Surgical Apgar Score in 8 countries. Surgery, 2011; 149: 519-524.
Rodseth RN, Biccard BM, Chu R et al. Postoperative B-type natriuretic peptide for prediction of major cardiac events in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: systematic review and individual patient meta-analysis. Anesthesiology 2013; 119: 270-283.
Ghaferi AA, Birkmeyer JD, Dimick JB. Variation in hospital mortality associated with inpatient surgery. N Engl J Med, 2009; 361: 1368-1375.
Levy M, Heels-Ansdell D, Hiralal R et al. Prognostic value of troponin and creatine kinase muscle and brain isoenzyme measurement after noncardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Anesthesiology, 2011; 114: 796-806.
Ausset S, Auroy Y, Verret C et al. Quality of postoperative care after major orthopedic surgery is correlated with both long-term cardiovascular outcome and troponin Ic elevation. Anesthesiology, 2010; 113: 529-540.
Liu SS, Wu CL. The effect of analgesic technique on post-operative patient reported outcomes including analgesia: a systematic review. Anesth Analg, 2007; 105: 789-808.
White PF, Kehlet H. Post-operative pain management and patient outcome: Time to return to work! Anesth Analg, 2007; 104: 487-489.
Pöpping DM, Elia N, Van Aken HK et al. Impact of Epidural Analgesia on Mortality and Morbidity After Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Ann Surg, 2014; 259: 1056-1067.
Clarke H, Bonin RP, Orser BA et al. The prevention of chronic postsurgical pain using gabapentin and pregabalin: a combined systematic review and meta-analysis. Anesth Analg, 2012; 115: 428-442.
Dolin SJ, Cashman JN, Bland JM. Effectiveness of acute post-operative pain management: I. Evidence from published data. Br J Anaesth, 2002; 89: 409-423.
Jørgensen H, Wetterslev J, Møiniche S et al. Epidural local anaesthetics vs. opioid-based analgesic regimens on post-operative gastrointestinal paralysis, PONV and pain after abdominal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2000: CD001893.
Block BM, Liu SS, Rowlingson AJ et al. Efficacy of postoperative epidural analgesia: a meta-analysis. JAMA, 2003; 290: 2455-2463.
Bhala N, Emberson J, Merhi A et al. Vascular and upper gastrointestinal effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: meta-analyses of individual participant data from randomised trials. Lancet, 2013; 382: 769-779.
Schug SA, Manopas A. Update on the role of non-opioids for post-operative pain treatment. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol, 2007; 21: 15-30.
Varas-Lorenzo C, Riera-Guardia N, Calingaert B et al. Myocardial infarction and individual nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs meta-analysis of observational studies. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 2013; 22: 559-570.
