Hadley cell; Mars; Martian atmosphere; dust storm; water vapor
Abstract :
[en] It has been suggested that dust storms efficiently transport water vapor from the near-surface to the middle atmosphere on Mars. Knowledge of the water vapor vertical profile during dust storms is important to understand water escape. During Martian Year 34, two dust storms occurred on Mars: a global dust storm (June to mid-September 2018) and a regional storm (January 2019). Here we present water vapor vertical profiles in the periods of the two dust storms (Ls = 162–260° and Ls = 298–345°) from the solar occultation measurements by Nadir and Occultation for Mars Discovery (NOMAD) onboard ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO). We show a significant increase of water vapor abundance in the middle atmosphere (40–100 km) during the global dust storm. The water enhancement rapidly occurs following the onset of the storm (Ls~190°) and has a peak at the most active period (Ls~200°). Water vapor reaches very high altitudes (up to 100 km) with a volume mixing ratio of ~50 ppm. The water vapor abundance in the middle atmosphere shows high values consistently at 60°S-60°N at the growth phase of the dust storm (Ls = 195°–220°), and peaks at latitudes greater than 60°S at the decay phase (Ls = 220°–260°). This is explained by the seasonal change of meridional circulation: from equinoctial Hadley circulation (two cells) to the solstitial one (a single pole-to-pole cell). We also find a conspicuous increase of water vapor density in the middle atmosphere at the period of the regional dust storm (Ls = 322–327°), in particular at latitudes greater than 60°S.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Aoki, Shohei ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Labo de physique atmosphérique et planétaire (LPAP)
Vandaele, A. C.; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium
Daerden, F.; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium
Villanueva, G. L.; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States
Liuzzi, G.; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States
Thomas, I. R.; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium
Erwin, J. T.; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium
Trompet, L.; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium
Robert, S.; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium
Neary, L.; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium
Viscardy, S.; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium
Clancy, R. T.; Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO, United States
Smith, M. D.; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States
Lopez-Valverde, M. A.; Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomia, Granada, Spain
Hill, B.; Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomia, Granada, Spain
Ristic, B.; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium
Patel, M. R.; Department of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
Bellucci, G.; Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, IAPS-INAF, Rome, Italy
Lopez-Moreno, J.-J.; Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomia, Granada, Spain
Water Vapor Vertical Profiles on Mars in Dust Storms Observed by TGO/NOMAD
Publication date :
2019
Journal title :
Journal of Geophysical Research. Planets
ISSN :
2169-9097
eISSN :
2169-9100
Publisher :
Wiley, United States
Volume :
124
Issue :
12
Pages :
3482-3497
Peer reviewed :
Peer reviewed
Funders :
NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration [US-DC] [US-DC] F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [BE] ASI - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana [IT] MICINN - Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [ES] INCT-A - Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Astrofísica OU - Open University BELSPO - Politique scientifique fédérale [BE] UK Space Agency [GB] CSA - Canadian Space Agency [CA]
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